Pratique du Shadowing: Five simple strategies to sharpen your critical thinking | BBC Ideas - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec YouTube

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We're lucky to live in an age where the sum total
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We're lucky to live in an age where the sum total
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of human knowledge is pretty much available at the click of a button.
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We've never had access to so much information,
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but not all of what's out there is quite what it seems.
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So here's a few strategies to navigate your way through and avoid falling out with people along the way.
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We all enjoy that sweet dopamine hit of feeling like we're right.
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In repeated experiments, psychologists have shown we're much more likely to accept something as evidence
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if it confirms what we already think we know,
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and much more likely to discount information if it contradicts our views.
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It's what's known as confirmation bias.
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It's one of the key cognitive biases that humans have,
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and operates at an unconscious level,
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affecting our ability to process information.
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This is especially true for issues which are emotionally charged,
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or where our views are deeply held,
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but it can come into play at any time.
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So don't rush to decide and be actively prepared to change your mind.
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So many of our discussions take place on social media platforms where algorithms reward our desire to see
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and hear our views confirmed.
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But in life, most situations are nuanced and complicated.
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Acknowledging that can enrich the way that we view the world.
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For example, what colour is the sky?
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Well, the obvious answer is blue.
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But at sunrise or sunset it can be red,
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on a cold misty morning white or grey,
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at night midnight blue or black.
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But imagine for a moment the blue of the sky on a sunny day.
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Is it really blue?
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The colour blue has a short wavelength meaning it scatters more than other colours making it more visible to the human eye.
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So the sky looks blue to us humans even though there's a whole spectrum of colours out there.
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Even something that seems totally self-evident can be more nuanced than you think.
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One approach to, well, arguing,
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is to let go of the idea of being right.
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Or at least seriously consider that you might actually be wrong.
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Putting yourself in the other person's shoes can lead to much more productive outcomes.
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Really try to understand where the other person is coming from.
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It's what's called intellectual empathy.
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It can be challenging, but that's the point.
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This can only work when both parties are engaging in good faith.
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Arguing just to waste somebody's time,
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known online as sea-lioning, not only makes you that guy or girl people avoid at parties,
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but we are intellectually, socially and politically worse off for it.
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It's more important than ever to know where your information is coming from.
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That sciencey-looking graph about the dangers of feral Dalmatian puppies might look very convincing
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until you dig a little deeper and find it was commissioned by fur coat coveting Disney villain, Karela DeVille.
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Be on the lookout for ulterior motives and vested interests.
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Becoming literate in the basics of scientific methodology,
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the use of data and the way it's presented are all weapons in your arsenal when it comes to critical thinking.
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Whether engaging in online debates or arguing with Uncle Frank,
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it's very easy to lose our cool and resort to some less than sound tactics.
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One common tactic is what philosophers call the straw man fallacy.
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Instead of engaging with the actual belief,
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you engage with a caricature.
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For example, if I said,
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I prefer hamsters to gerbils,
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you might respond, oh, so you want to drown all gerbils?
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A viewpoint that's much easier to take down.
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Another fallacy is the ad hominem fallacy,
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where you discount an argument because of your opinion of the person making it.
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This can lead to ad hominem attacks,
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which is basically Latin for name-calling.
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In that situation, it's fair to say that everybody loses.
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Engaging in critical thinking isn't as fun as picking up a pitchfork or feeling like you're fundamentally right,
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but in the long run,
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it leads to a more curious,
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educated and harmonious society, which ultimately is the biggest win of all.
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Thanks for watching.
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If you enjoyed that, be sure to check out these videos next.
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And if you haven't already,
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hit the subscribe button and click the bell to get a notification each time we upload a new video.

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Why practice speaking with this video?

This video titled "Five simple strategies to sharpen your critical thinking" provides an excellent context for practicing your English speaking skills. By engaging with the content, you not only improve your language abilities but also develop critical thinking skills—an invaluable asset in any conversation. The speaker introduces complex ideas with clarity, making it a perfect resource for learners who wish to articulate nuanced thoughts. Employing the shadowing technique while watching will greatly enhance your comprehension and fluency. You’ll learn to express complex viewpoints effectively, which is crucial when participating in discussions that pertain to emotionally charged topics or when faced with differing opinions. Using the shadow speech method, you can mimic intonation and rhythm, allowing for more natural speech patterns. Thus, this video is a great tool to learn English with YouTube, enriching both language and critical thinking skills.

Grammar & Expressions in Context

Throughout the video, the speaker uses several important grammatical structures and expressions that are useful for English learners:

  • Conditional Sentences: The speaker emphasizes considering the possibility that you might be wrong, often using conditional phrases like "if" or "when." This structure not only aids in expressing hypothetical situations but also encourages critical engagement.
  • Present Perfect Tense: The speaker mentions "we've never had access to so much information," which demonstrates how this tense is used to speak about experiences in the past that are relevant to the present.
  • Adverbial Clauses: Phrases like "where our views are deeply held" are used to provide additional context. Understanding how to use and recognize these clauses can elevate your speaking and writing skills.
  • Descriptive Language: The speaker effectively describes the nuances of color perception when discussing the sky's color, using vivid adjectives and metaphors that enrich the language. Incorporating such descriptive language can significantly enhance your English proficiency.

Common Pronunciation Traps

As you familiarize yourself with the content, pay attention to several tricky words and pronunciation patterns:

  • Confirmation Bias: This term can be challenging due to its length and phonetic structure. Focus on clearly articulating each syllable: con-fir-ma-tion bi-as.
  • Nuanced: Often mispronounced, this word should be pronounced as "nyoo-ahnst." Emphasizing the second syllable can help ensure clarity.
  • Intellectual Empathy: The phrase encapsulates a complex idea, so practice articulating it smoothly. Break it down into smaller components: in-tel-lec-tual em-pa-thy.

By addressing these pronunciation traps and using the shadowspeak technique, you can enhance your verbal skills and ensure more effective communication when discussing intricate topics. In summary, this video not only serves as an engaging lesson in English but also as a resource for honing critical thinking skills.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

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