Pratique du Shadowing: How far would you have to go to escape gravity? - Rene Laufer - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec YouTube

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More than six thousand light years from the surface of the earth, a rapidly spinning neutron star called the Black Widow pulsar blasts its companion brown dwarf star with radiation as the two orbit each other every 9 hours.
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More than six thousand light years from the surface of the earth, a rapidly spinning neutron star called the Black Widow pulsar blasts its companion brown dwarf star with radiation as the two orbit each other every 9 hours.
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Standing on our own planet, you might think you’re just an observer of this violent ballet.
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But in fact, both stars are pulling you towards them.
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And you’re pulling back, connected across trillions of kilometers by gravity.
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Gravity is the attractive force between two objects with mass— any two objects with mass.
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Which means that every object in the universe attracts every other object: every star, black hole, human being, smartphone, and atom are all constantly pulling on each other.
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So why don’t we feel pulled in billions of different directions?
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Two reasons: mass and distance.
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The original equation describing the gravitational force between two objects was written by Isaac Newton in 1687.
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Scientists’ understanding of gravity has evolved since then, but Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation is still a good approximation in most situations.
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It goes like this: the gravitational force between two objects is equal to the mass of one times the mass of the other, multiplied by a very small number called the gravitational constant, and divided by the distance between them, squared.
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If you doubled the mass of one of the objects, the force between them would double, too.
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If the distance between them doubled, the force would be one-fourth as strong.
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The gravitational force between you and the Earth pulls you towards its center, a force you experience as your weight.
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Let’s say this force is about 800 Newtons when you’re standing at sea level.
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If you traveled to the Dead Sea, the force would increase by a tiny fraction of a percent.
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And if you climbed to the top of Mount Everest, the force would decrease— but again, by a minuscule amount.
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Traveling higher would make a bigger dent in gravity’s influence, but you won’t escape it.
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Gravity is generated by variations in the curvature of spacetime— the three dimensions of space plus time— which bend around any object that has mass.
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Gravity from Earth reaches the International Space Station, 400 kilometers above the earth, with almost its original intensity.
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If the space station was stationary on top of a giant column, you’d still experience ninety percent of the gravitational force there that you do on the ground.
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Astronauts just experience weightlessness because the space station is constantly falling towards earth.
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Fortunately, it’s orbiting the planet fast enough that it never hits the ground.
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By the time you made it to the surface of the moon, around 400,000 kilometers away, Earth’s gravitational pull would be less than 0.03 percent of what you feel on earth.
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The only gravity you’d be aware of would be the moon’s, which is about one sixth as strong as the earth’s.
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Travel farther still and Earth’s gravitational pull on you will continue to decrease, but never drop to zero.
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Even safely tethered to the Earth, we’re subject to the faint tug of distant celestial bodies and nearby earthly ones.
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The Sun exerts a force of about half a Newton on you.
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If you’re a few meters away from a smartphone, you'll experience a mutual force of a few piconewtons.
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That’s about the same as the gravitational pull between you and the Andromeda Galaxy, which is 2.5 million light years away but about a trillion times as massive as the sun.
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But when it comes to escaping gravity, there’s a loophole.
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If all the mass around us is pulling on us all the time, how would Earth’s gravity change if you tunneled deep below the surface, assuming you could do so without being cooked or crushed?
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If you hollowed out the center of a perfectly spherical Earth— which it isn’t, but let’s just say it were— you’d experience an identical pull from all sides.
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And you’d be suspended, weightless, only encountering the tiny pulls from other celestial bodies.
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So you could escape the Earth’s gravity in such a thought experiment— but only by heading straight into it.

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Context & Background

In this fascinating exploration of gravity and its universal influence, Rene Laufer takes us on a journey through the cosmos, discussing how every object with mass attracts every other object. From the Black Widow pulsar to the International Space Station, Laufer explains how the forces of gravity operate. He delves into concepts posed by Isaac Newton while also addressing modern understandings of gravitational pull in various contexts, making complex scientific themes more accessible. This video not only aims to inform but also encourages viewers to think critically about the laws of physics governing our lives.

Top 5 Phrases for Daily Communication

  • "You’re pulling back, connected across trillions of kilometers by gravity." - This highlights our interconnectedness, useful in discussions about relationships or teamwork.
  • "Gravity is the attractive force between two objects with mass." - A foundational explanation that can be paraphrased to explain any attractive force in life.
  • "The gravitational force between you and the Earth pulls you towards its center." - This can metaphorically represent the things in life that keep us grounded.
  • "If you doubled the mass of one of the objects, the force between them would double, too." - Useful in discussions about cause and effect in different contexts.
  • "You’d experience an identical pull from all sides." - A great phrase to think about balance and equality in conversations.

Step-by-step Shadowing Guide

The shadowing technique is an effective method to enhance your speaking abilities and fluency in English. Here’s a step-by-step guide to apply this technique using the video:

  1. Watch & Listen: Start by watching the video without any distractions. Focus on Laufer’s pronunciation and intonation while explaining gravity.
  2. Segment & Repeat: Break the video into small segments. After each segment, pause and repeat what you heard, imitating the pacing and emotion. Use shadow speech to capture nuances, finding a shadowing site that allows you to replay segments easily.
  3. Practice with Variation: Change surrounding words or use similar expressions to ensure you’re not just memorizing but understanding the content. This will deepen your awareness of how to use phrases in various contexts.
  4. Record Yourself: Record your shadow speak sessions. Listen back to identify areas for improvement, such as pronunciation or fluency.
  5. Engage with Others: Use the phrases you’ve learned in conversations with friends or study partners. Discuss the concepts of gravity and its implications, bringing in what you learned from the video.

By actively engaging with the content through shadowing, you will enhance your command of the English language while also grasping complex scientific themes. Consider incorporating this method into your regular learning routine to continuously improve your language skills.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

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