Pratique du Shadowing: How one of the world’s richest companies rose to power - Shantel George - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec YouTube
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In 1910, the Antarctic Nimrod expedition was in trouble.
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In 1910, the Antarctic Nimrod expedition was in trouble.
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Led by Ernest Shackleton, the team had set the record for the southernmost point ever reached.
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But after miscalculating how long it would take to return to the nearest supply depot,
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the crew had run out of food.
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Fatigued and desperate, they turned to their medical kit.
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It contained a drug called forced march tablets,
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which promised to mitigate hunger and prolong endurance,
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thanks to the powerful combination of its two ingredients,
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cocaine and the extract of the African cola nut.
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After taking the pills, the team was able to push through and reach safety.
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So how did the cola nut,
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a sacred ingredient from West Africa,
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end up in Shackleton's emergency kit?
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And how did this same combination of kola nut
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and cocaine make its way into the original recipe of a drink that billions of people consume every day?
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The kola nut is the seed of the kola tree,
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a small evergreen native to the tropical forests of West Africa,
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where it's long been integral to the cultural fabric of many communities.
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Among the Igbo, the bitter nut is known as the food of the gods.
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In Igbo homes, it's custom to greet and honor guests by breaking a seed and sharing the lobes.
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Within Yoruba communities, Kola plays a central role in many religious ceremonies,
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such as weddings, funerals, and divination.
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Cola nuts can contain up to 2.5% caffeine,
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or about twice the concentration found in coffee beans,
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along with trace amounts of theobromine, a structurally similar compound.
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Both molecules stimulate the central nervous system,
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causing effects like alertness and increased blood flow to the muscles and lungs.
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And it's these properties that likely led to cola's long-standing use in traditional West African medicine.
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But there's also a bitter side to the kola nut's history.
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As early as the 10th century,
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it was used by various groups in West Africa as currency to purchase captives across the Sahara.
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And in the 16th century,
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Portuguese and Afro-Portuguese traders in the region similarly exchanged the seeds for people whom they then sold into transatlantic slavery.
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By the 17th century, the cola nut had made its way to the Americas.
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Brazilian oral narratives tell of enslaved peoples smuggling the seeds across the Atlantic in their clothing and hair.
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Enslavers who learned of the nut's energizing properties often weaponized it,
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supplying it to subjugated workers to induce more backbreaking labor.
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However, in places like Jamaica,
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Cuba, and Brazil, many enslaved communities managed to cultivate cola on their own,
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allowing them to preserve and continue practicing their cultural and religious traditions.
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In the late 19th century,
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the cola nut gained the attention of pharmacists in Europe and North America.
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Many claimed, without much evidence,
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that the nut contained countless medicinal and even mind-altering properties.
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Soon, cola-containing tonics, chocolates, and lozenges lined pharmacy shelves.
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It was combined with extracts from the coca leaf,
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the source of cocaine, to create Shackleton's forced-march tablets,
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which were also supplied to British soldiers during World War I.
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In 1886, Atlanta pharmacist John Pemberton used this same potent combo to create the original recipe for Coca-Cola,
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which he claimed could treat ailments like headaches, indigestion, and impotence.
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By the 1920s, African export of the cola nut slowed,
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thanks in part to the introduction of another energizing seed from the region, the cocoa bean.
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Around this time, the Coca-Cola company is also said to have significantly reduced the cola nut in its recipe.
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No one knows for sure.
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The exact ingredients remain a closely guarded trade secret.
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However, we do know that the company removed all traces of cocaine by 1903.
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Today, the kola nut can still be found in various drinks and supplements,
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like busy tea, a staple in many Jamaican homes.
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Believed to have been first brought to the region on slave ships in the 17th century,
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this tea is just one example of how the kola nut,
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despite its bitter past, continues to serve as a powerful symbol of cultural preservation and remembrance.
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Context & Background
The video titled "How one of the world’s richest companies rose to power," presented by Shantel George, delves into the fascinating history of the kola nut and its journey from West Africa to becoming a crucial ingredient in one of the most popular beverages globally. Through a compelling narrative, George highlights the cultural significance of the kola nut in various African communities, its medicinal properties, and its controversial history, especially concerning its uses in the transatlantic slave trade. Understanding this context allows English learners to engage with rich historical content while developing their language skills.
Top 5 Phrases for Daily Communication
- “Set the record for” - Often used when someone achieves the highest standard in a category.
- “Run out of” - Commonly used to indicate that supplies have been depleted.
- “Push through” - Refers to persevering in overcoming a challenge.
- “Cultural fabric” - A phrase that describes the essential traditions and practices that hold a community together.
- “Weaponized” - Used metaphorically to describe exploiting something for control or power.
Step-by-step Shadowing Guide
To effectively practice your English speaking skills using this video, follow these steps:
- Watch the Video Without Sound: First, watch the video on mute and observe the speaker's mouth movements and gestures. This basic exercise is crucial for understanding how to articulate words naturally.
- Listen to the Speaker: Play the video while focusing on the pauses and intonations. Listen carefully to how Shantel George emphasizes key phrases. This will give you an idea of rhythm and stress in speech.
- Practice Shadowing: Using the shadowing technique, repeat the phrases immediately after the speaker. Focus on mimicking not just the words, but also the intonation and pace. You can use shadowspeaks to guide your shadow speech.
- Record Yourself: After several attempts, record yourself repeating sections of the transcript. Compare your recording with the original to identify areas for improvement, which can greatly benefit your IELTS speaking practice.
- Engage with Others: If possible, find a study partner to practice dialogue based on the video's themes. Discussing cultural contexts will not only enhance your vocabulary but also make learning English engaging and enjoyable. Consider incorporating lessons from learn English with YouTube as part of your routine.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.
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