Pratique du Shadowing: Mary's Room: A philosophical thought experiment - Eleanor Nelsen - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec YouTube

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Imagine a brilliant neuroscientist named Mary.
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Imagine a brilliant neuroscientist named Mary.
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Mary lives in a black and white room, she only reads black and white books, and her screens only display black and white.
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But even though she has never seen color, Mary is an expert in color vision and knows everything ever discovered about its physics and biology.
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She knows how different wavelengths of light stimulate three types of cone cells in the retina, and she knows how electrical signals travel down the optic nerve into the brain.
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There, they create patterns of neural activity that correspond to the millions of colors most humans can distinguish.
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Now imagine that one day, Mary's black and white screen malfunctions and an apple appears in color.
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For the first time, she can experience something that she's known about for years.
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Does she learn anything new?
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Is there anything about perceiving color that wasn't captured in all her knowledge?
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Philosopher Frank Jackson proposed this thought experiment, called Mary's room, in 1982.
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He argued that if Mary already knew all the physical facts about color vision, and experiencing color still teaches her something new, then mental states, like color perception, can't be completely described by physical facts.
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The Mary's room thought experiment describes what philosophers call the knowledge argument, that there are non-physical properties and knowledge which can only be discovered through conscious experience.
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The knowledge argument contradicts the theory of physicalism, which says that everything, including mental states, has a physical explanation.
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To most people hearing Mary's story, it seems intuitively obvious that actually seeing color will be totally different than learning about it.
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Therefore, there must be some quality of color vision that transcends its physical description.
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The knowledge argument isn't just about color vision.
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Mary's room uses color vision to represent conscious experience.
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If physical science can't entirely explain color vision, then maybe it can't entirely explain other conscious experiences either.
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For instance, we could know every physical detail about the structure and function of someone else's brain, but still not understand what it feels like to be that person.
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These ineffable experiences have properties called qualia, subjective qualities that you can't accurately describe or measure.
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Qualia are unique to the person experiencing them, like having an itch, being in love, or feeling bored.
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Physical facts can't completely explain mental states like this.
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Philosophers interested in artificial intelligence have used the knowledge argument to theorize that recreating a physical state won't necessarily recreate a corresponding mental state.
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In other words, building a computer which mimicked the function of every single neuron of the human brain won't necessarily create a conscious computerized brain.
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Not all philosophers agree that the Mary's room experiment is useful.
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Some argue that her extensive knowledge of color vision would have allowed her to create the same mental state produced by actually seeing the color.
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The screen malfunction wouldn't show her anything new.
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Others say that her knowledge was never complete in the first place because it was based only on those physical facts that can be conveyed in words.
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Years after he proposed it, Jackson actually reversed his own stance on his thought experiment.
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He decided that even Mary's experience of seeing red still does correspond to a measurable physical event in the brain, not unknowable qualia beyond physical explanation.
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But there still isn't a definitive answer to the question of whether Mary would learn anything new when she sees the apple.
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Could it be that there are fundamental limits to what we can know about something we can't experience?
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And would this mean there are certain aspects of the universe that lie permanently beyond our comprehension?
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Or will science and philosophy allow us to overcome our mind's limitations?

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Context & Background

In the philosophical thought experiment titled "Mary's Room," presented by philosopher Frank Jackson, we are introduced to Mary, a brilliant neuroscientist confined to a black-and-white environment. Despite her extensive knowledge of color vision, she has never experienced color firsthand. This thought-provoking scenario invites discussions about the nature of knowledge and consciousness, particularly in relation to experiences that can't be fully understood through physical facts alone. Drawing on this philosophical context can enrich your conversations about perception and the limits of human knowledge—perfect for practicing your English speaking skills.

Top 5 Phrases for Daily Communication

  • "What would it be like to...?" - A phrase to express curiosity or wonder about an experience.
  • "It seems intuitively obvious that..." - Used to assert something that feels self-evident.
  • "This thought experiment demonstrates..." - Useful for introducing a discussion on abstract concepts.
  • "Can we really understand...?" - A phrase that challenges understanding and perceptions.
  • "Is there a quality that transcends..." - To explore deeper meanings behind physical descriptions.

Step-by-step Shadowing Guide

To effectively engage with the material presented in the "Mary's Room" video and improve your English speaking skills, follow this structured shadowing technique:

  1. Watch the Video: Begin by watching the video in its entirety. Familiarize yourself with the speaker's voice, tone, and pace.
  2. Listen and Repeat: Use a shadowing app to play short segments of the video. Pause after each sentence and repeat what you hear, mirroring the speaker's intonation and rhythm.
  3. Analyze Key Phrases: Focus on the top phrases listed above. Practice using them in different contexts to enhance your vocabulary and fluency.
  4. Record Yourself: After shadowing, record your own voice while speaking the same sections. Compare your pronunciation and fluency with the original speaker's.
  5. Engage in Discussion: Use online platforms or language exchange groups to discuss the concepts from the video. Challenge yourself to express your thoughts on perception and consciousness in English.

By applying this shadowing technique, you will not only enhance your comprehension of complex philosophical discussions but also improve your overall speaking skills. Combining IELTS speaking practice with content from videos like this one will make learning enjoyable. Use platforms where you can learn English with YouTube videos to boost your confidence!

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

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