Pratique du Shadowing: The Sneaky Language Tricks Cults Use to Influence You | Amanda Montell | TED - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec YouTube
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Greetings followers.
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Greetings followers.
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And settle in.
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Because I'm about to share with you a true story about one of the most zealous cults in the world.
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The story takes place on the group's holiest day.
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Acolytes arrived at dawn, some having crossed oceans and sacrificed life savings in order to get there.
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They came bearing hand-beaded offerings inscribed with sacred numbers: 22, 13, 89.
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But this, my friends, is not the story of an apocalyptic sect on a faraway compound.
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No, this was a Taylor Swift concert.
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(Laughter) I said it.
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The talismans are friendship bracelets, the biblical books are known as eras, and the charismatic leader is a billionaire pop priestess who, let's be honest, could probably rule the free world if she really wanted to.
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Now, don't get me wrong.
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I'm a deep-dyed "Red" album girlie.
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I'm not here to call out Swifties as cult followers.
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No, I wouldn't dare.
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But I'm an author and a cultural commentator with a background in linguistics.
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And I’m here to share how we’re all susceptible to cult-ish thinking, for better and for worse.
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And our everyday vocabularies are evidence of our devotion.
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I'm here to share what to pay attention to, what to listen for, so that, as we move through these inevitably culty times, we can stay both enchanted and empowered.
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Now, my fascination with cults is personal.
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That's because of my dad.
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As a teenager, he was forced to join Synanon, a '70s California compound with matching overalls and a traumatizing truth-telling ritual called The Game.
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But my dad escaped, became a neuroscientist, and brought up a nosy kid who became obsessed with understanding how to identify cultish influence in everyday life.
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As I got older, I couldn't help but notice that the same language tactics that my dad described in Synanon could be found kind of everywhere.
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Like, in my high school theater program and in the wellness industry and on my social media feed.
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That's how I came to study the cultish spectrum, degrees of influence, none of which start out with LSD and robes, but instead, sneakily, with words.
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I want to point out three cultish language tactics to listen for in everyday life.
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The first is called the thought-terminating cliche.
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Coined in 1961 by the psychiatrist Robert Jay Lifton, thought-terminating cliches are zingy stack expressions that are easy to memorize, easy to repeat and aimed at shutting down independent thinking and questioning.
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So let's say you're a member of a group, and there's a rule that you want to push back against.
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You might get hit with a phrase like, "trust the process," or "it's all in God's plan" to shut you down.
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In Synanon, the phrase "act as if" effectively meant pretend that you believe until you do.
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Today, in conspiracy theory-type groups, the phrase “do your research” basically means “stop asking me about mine.” (Laughter) Next, I want to talk about "us" versus "them" labels.
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In Synanon, defectors were called "splitees." Today, you’ve got your “sheeple,” your “NPCs,” your “industry plants.” When a label makes all of those people seem unilaterally evil and us superior, that's a red flag.
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And thirdly, I want to mention loaded language.
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Corporate synergistic visionaries.
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Wellness 5D consciousness.
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At first, emotionally charged buzzwords like this feel like enlightenment.
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Then one day you wake up and you realize you've completely surrendered your ability to talk and think for yourself.
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This language works because it plugs straight into our cognitive biases.
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These deeply ingrained decision-making shortcuts that developed in earlier human brains to help us process information from the world around us enough to survive it.
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But today, mental magic tricks like confirmation bias, the sunk cost fallacy, and the halo effect cause us to believe only the information we already agree with, double down on sketchy choices and worship mortal human beings we've never even met as all-knowing deities.
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This clash between our once useful cognitive biases and the information age is this phenomenon that I've been calling magical overthinking.
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And it's a problem because studies show that social media has damaged our mental health and our attention spans, all the while making cultish leaders mega accessible.
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Who needs compounds when you have comment sections?
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Now, I don't say this to freak anyone out.
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I'm just here to point out the difference between awe and indoctrination.
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And I want to leave us with a few tips to help us do that.
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First of all, when you find yourself in a space, even a digital one, where you feel really emotionally activated and you're using a lot of buzzwords that make you feel like you're part of a tribe, but you can't really define exactly what you're saying in plain English, or why, that's a sign to take a step back and consult other sources.
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Next, pay attention to exit costs.
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Healthy groups might make leaving feel awkward, but never apocalyptic or earth-shattering.
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And finally, we can use cult language for good.
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Rousing chants, rhyming mantras, they can be used to make true information catchy, too.
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I'm not here to take away anyone's friendship bracelets.
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We need community more now than ever.
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So I think living in this cultiest era of all time, the goal is not so much to be cult-proof, it's to be cult-literate.
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You follow?
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(Laughter) Thank you.
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(Applause)
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About This Lesson
In this lesson, you will practice the art of English speaking through shadowing techniques, inspired by the captivating TED talk given by Amanda Montell. You will explore how language can shape our thoughts and influences, honing your ability to identify persuasive phrases while improving your fluency and pronunciation. By engaging with Montell's insights into cultish language tactics, you will not only enhance your vocabulary but also become a more critical listener in everyday conversations. This is a great opportunity for IELTS speaking practice as you will be exposed to sophisticated vocabulary and sentence structures.
Key Vocabulary & Phrases
- Thought-terminating cliché: A phrase used to shut down independent thinking.
- Us vs. them labels: Terms that create division between groups, often making one seem superior.
- Loaded language: Emotionally charged words that influence perception.
- Magical overthinking: The cognitive bias that leads to irrational belief in information.
- Emotional activation: A heightened state of emotion that can cloud judgment.
- Buzzwords: Trendy words or phrases that seem impressive but lack clear meaning.
- Exit costs: The perceived difficulty or fear associated with leaving a group.
Practice Tips
To effectively improve your English speaking skills, consider the following shadowing techniques tailored to the rapid pace and tone of Amanda Montell's talk:
- Watch and Listen: Start by watching the TED talk without pausing, paying attention to the speaker's intonation and rhythm. This will help you get a sense of the energetic tone that underpins her message.
- Slow It Down: Use playback controls to slow down the video if the speed feels too fast. This will allow you to accurately capture her pronunciation and phrasing, ensuring you are not overwhelmed.
- Repeat in Real-Time: Practice shadow speech by repeating sentences immediately after hearing them. Focus on matching the inflection and emotion, which will enhance your overall speaking capabilities.
- Record Yourself: After several rounds of shadowing, record your voice to assess your pronunciation and fluency. This feedback is invaluable for recognizing areas that require further improvement.
- Engage with the Content: Try to discuss or write about the key vocabulary and phrases you’ve learned. This will deepen your understanding and enhance your ability to use them conversationally.
By consistently applying these strategies, you will notice significant improvements in your English speaking practice, ultimately leading to enhanced confidence and articulation in discussions related to complex topics.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.
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