Pratique du Shadowing: The surprising reasons animals play dead - Tierney Thys - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec YouTube

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Imagine you’re being attacked by a ferocious predator.
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Imagine you’re being attacked by a ferocious predator.
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With no chance of escape, you do what any courageous, self-respecting possum would do: curl into an immobile state called catatonia, stick out your tongue, drool, and ooze some foul-smelling liquid from your anal glands.
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Disgusted, your assailant loosens its grip, decides you’re not the dinner it was looking for, and departs.
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After 10 minutes, you resurrect and merrily saunter on.
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From lemurs to lizards, ants to amphibians, sharks to chickens, hundreds of animals "play dead" as a survival tactic.
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Nicknamed "playing possum" after its star performer, feigning death is also called thanatosis.
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That’s from Thanatos, the ancient Greek deity of death.
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But most scientists call it tonic immobility, or TI.
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How and why TI occurs depends on the species and situation.
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Spewing stench and adopting odd postures are common and often play important roles.
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Other animals sacrifice their neighbors: quail chicks that freeze while their kin run amok have a better chance of survival when pursued by a cat.
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Speaking of cats, feline mothers can pinch the napes of their kittens’ necks and induce another kind of immobility called clipnosis.
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This keeps their kittens quiet and easy to transport.
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Most of the physiological mechanisms underlying these theatrics originate in the parasympathetic nervous system, better known for controlling cycles of resting and digesting.
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In possums, the parasympathetic nervous system causes their heart rates to drop by nearly half, respiration by a third, and body temperatures by more than half a degree Celsius for up to an hour.
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The neurotransmitter dopamine also plays a part.
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Flour beetles with low dopamine levels play dead more frequently than those with high levels, and anything blocking dopamine receptor sites can lengthen catatonia.
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But maintaining a death ruse isn’t easy.
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The performers are constantly gauging their surroundings for cues on when it’s safe to rise.
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Chickens, for instance, can sense when a predator’s eyes are upon them.
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Researchers know this because when they used a stuffed hawk in an experiment, their chicken subjects came out of their catatonia quicker when the hawk’s eyes were averted.
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Other animals use TI for purposes other than defense.
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When the sleeper cichlid feels peckish, it sinks to the lake floor and lies motionless, its splotchy coloration making it seem like a rotting carcass.
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If a small scavenger investigates, this undead trickster strikes.
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Some animals even feign death as a sexual ploy.
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Male nursery spiders offer gifts of silk-wrapped insects in hopes of wooing females.
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But those females are known to eat love-seeking males.
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By playing dead while the female eagerly devours her snack, these males can cautiously revive and improve their chances of successfully mating.
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So TI can work to an animal’s advantage, unless someone else knows its secret.
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California orcas can flip over young great white sharks, inducing TI for so long the immobilized sharks, who must move to respire, essentially suffocate.
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Humans can also flip sharks into TI.
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By stroking a shark’s electrically-sensitive snout and gently turning it over, researchers can induce TI that lasts up to 15 minutes.
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That’s enough time to insert tags, remove hooks, and even perform surgeries.
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There are risks however: TI can hamper respiration and induce hyperglycemia, a sign of stress.
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So this technique should only be used when necessary.
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Humans can also experience TI when they freeze with fear during violent assaults.
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Recognizing this ancient, involuntary form of self-defense has significant implications when trying to understand why some victims don’t flee or fight in the face of danger.
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So, studying TI in non-human animals not only helps us better understand some odd behaviors, it can also help us better understand our own, sometimes counterintuitive, responses to violence.

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Context & Background

In the thought-provoking video "The surprising reasons animals play dead" presented by Tierney Thys, viewers are taken on a fascinating journey through the world of animal behavior. The discussion centers around a remarkable survival tactic known as thanatosis, where various animals feign death to evade predators. This behavior is not only limited to possums but can be observed in multiple species such as birds, reptiles, and insects. Understanding this defensive mechanism provides insight into the complexities of animal instincts and behaviors, which can even relate to human experiences of fear and response to danger. For English learners, engaging with such unique content can enhance both vocabulary and comprehension while making learning enjoyable.

Top 5 Phrases for Daily Communication

  • Play dead: To pretend to be dead, commonly used in conversations about animal behavior.
  • Curled into an immobile state: Describes the action of an animal becoming still to avoid detection.
  • Sacrifice their neighbors: A phrase illustrating survival tactics where individuals may benefit from the misfortune of others.
  • Induce immobility: Refers to causing someone or something to become motionless, useful in discussions of control or safety.
  • Undergoing stress: This phrase can be utilized during conversations about mental health or physical reactions in various situations.

Step-by-step Shadowing Guide

To effectively enhance your English speaking practice using the shadowing technique with Tierney Thys's video, follow these steps:

  1. Watch the Video: Familiarize yourself with the content by watching the video once without subtitles. Pay attention to the speaker’s tone, pronunciation, and pace.
  2. Break Down the Transcript: Utilize key phrases from the transcript to focus on specific vocabulary. For example, "play dead" and "induce immobility" are excellent for practicing pronunciation.
  3. Listen and Repeat: Play segments of the video and pause after each sentence. Attempt to repeat what you hear, mimicking the intonation and pacing. This will help improve English pronunciation and speaking fluency.
  4. Practice with Variation: Change your pitch and speed during repetition to enhance your speaking dynamics. This could involve speeding up when mimicking excitement and slowing down for dramatic effect.
  5. Feedback Loop: Record your shadowing practice and compare it to the original. This will allow you to identify areas for improvement in articulation and fluency.

Incorporating these steps not only aids in mastering English pronunciation but also enriches your vocabulary, preparing you with useful expressions that can be impactful in various contexts, including IELTS speaking practice.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

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