Pratique du Shadowing: Why do we cry? The three types of tears - Alex Gendler - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec YouTube

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Our story is about a girl named Iris.
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Our story is about a girl named Iris.
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Iris is very sensitive.
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(Bird cawing) So much that she is always in tears.
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She cries when she's sad, when she's happy, (Godzilla roars) and even tears up when things just get to her.
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She has special lacrimal glands to make new tears and special tubes, called lacrimal puncta, to drain old ones away.
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And she cries so much that she goes through ten ounces of tears per day, thirty gallons a year!
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In fact, if you look closely, you'll see that she's crying a little bit all the time.
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The basal tears that Iris constantly produces form a thin coating of three layers that cover her and keep dirt and debris away.
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Right next to Iris is the mucus layer, which keeps the whole thing fastened to her.
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On top of it is the aqueous layer, which keeps Iris hydrated, repels invasive bacteria, and protects her skin, or cornea, from damage.
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And, finally, there is the lipid layer, an oily outer film that keeps the surface smooth for Iris to see through, and prevents the other layers from evaporating.
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Normally, Iris goes about her day without really noticing the basal tears doing their thing.
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That's kind of their whole point.
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But one day, she meets a girl named Onion.
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Iris is immediately smitten.
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Onion looks gorgeous in her bright purple jacket, and she smells terrific.
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So, Iris invites Onion to her house for dinner.
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But when she comes in and takes off her jacket, something terrible happens.
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You see, when Onion's jacket is removed, a chemical reaction happens, converting the sulfoxides that make her smell so great into sulfenic acid, which then becomes a nasty substance with a long name: syn-Propanethial S-oxide.
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The gas stings Iris, and suddenly, she can't help it, she starts weeping uncontrollably.
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These reflex tears are different from the basal tears that Iris is used to.
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Because they're designed to wash away harmful substances, or particles, they're released in much larger amounts, and their aqueous layer contains more antibodies to stop any microorganisms that may be trying to get in, as well.
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Both Iris and Onion are devastated.
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They know they can't continue their relationship if Iris is going to hurt and cry every time Onion takes off her jacket.
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So, they decide to break up.
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As Onion walks out the door, Iris stops crying.
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And immediately starts again.
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Only now, she's not crying reflex tears but emotional tears.
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When someone is either too sad or too happy, it feels like a loss of control, which can be dangerous.
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So, emotional tears are sent in to stabilize the mood as quickly as possible, along with other physical reactions, such as an increased heart rate and slower breathing.
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But scientists still aren't sure exactly how or why the tears themselves are helpful.
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They may be a social mechanism to elicit sympathy or show submission.
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But some studies have also found that emotional tears contain higher levels of stress hormones, such as ACTH and enkephalin, an endorphin and natural pain killer.
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In this case, emotional tears are also directly calming Iris down, as well as signaling her emotional state to others.
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Sorry things didn't work out with Onion, Iris, but don't worry.
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As long as you have all three kinds of tears working to keep you balanced and healthy, it will get better.
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You'll see.

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About This Lesson

In this lesson, you will explore the fascinating topic of tears and their significance through the engaging story of Iris. By practicing with this transcript, you will learn how to express emotions in English and communicate complex biological and emotional concepts. This content will not only enhance your vocabulary but also improve your overall English pronunciation and listening skills.

Key Vocabulary & Phrases

  • Lacrimal glands - the glands responsible for producing tears.
  • Basal tears - the continuous tears that keep our eyes moist and protected.
  • Reflex tears - tears produced in response to irritants, helping to wash them away.
  • Emotional tears - tears that are shed in response to strong feelings, whether sad or happy.
  • Aqueous layer - the watery component of tears that helps to keep the eyes hydrated.
  • Cornea - the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris and pupil.
  • Endorphin - a natural pain reliever found in emotional tears.
  • Syn-Propanethial S-oxide - the substance that causes irritation and triggers reflex tears.

Practice Tips

To effectively improve your English pronunciation and speaking skills using this transcript, utilize the shadowing technique. Start by listening to the video at a comfortable pace, then try to mimic the speaker immediately after hearing each phrase. This approach helps reinforce proper pronunciation and fluency.

The tone of the narrative is emotive and engaging, which makes it an excellent opportunity for you to practice expressing emotion in your voice. Pay attention to the intonation as you mimic the phrases, especially when addressing the different types of tears. Focus on conveying the underlying emotions in your voice during English speaking practice.

Additionally, if you come across any words or phrases that are challenging, take the time to repeat them multiple times until you feel confident. Utilize various online resources or shadowing sites for additional practice. Remember, the goal is not only to speak but to convey emotion and understanding effectively, so take your time and enjoy the process of learning with the story of Iris.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

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