शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Why Taiwan is caught between China and the US - BBC World Service - YouTube के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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This island is something that China and the United States have basically agreed to disagree about for decades.
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This island is something that China and the United States have basically agreed to disagree about for decades.
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Most governments don't recognise Taiwan as a country, but it has its own flag and its own army, and its elected president says it is a country.
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It has islands two kilometres from China.
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But China says all of Taiwan is a part of China.
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It hasn't ruled out taking it by force.
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And if that happened, Taiwan would look to its strongest partner, the United States.
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But even though it sells weapons to Taiwan, American policy is to answer questions about whether it would defend the island like this.
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I never comment on that. I don't comment on any-because I don't want to ever put myself in that position.
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Taiwan's situation is unique and complicated.
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And to make any sense of it, we need to start with a crash course in the island's history.
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There's been many, many phases over 300 years.
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It was under Dutch rule for a few years in the 17th century.
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It was then part of what we call the Qing Empire in China.
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And then it was part of the Japanese Empire from 1895 to 1945.
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At the end of World War Two, Japan was defeated and Taiwan was handed to Chiang Kai-shek, an American ally and leader of the Chinese nationalists.
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But they were in the middle of a civil war with the Chinese Communists, led by Mao Zedong. In 1949, the communists won and founded the People's Republic of China on the mainland.
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The nationalists fled to Taiwan, along with more than a million refugees.
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But the war never officially ended.
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What we were left with was effectively two Chinas.
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Both the governments in Beijing and in Taipei were claiming to be the legitimate representative of China.
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The split that exists today between Taiwan and China started here.
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And the United States got involved because of what happened to another of its allies, South Korea.
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In 1950, North Korea, backed by China and the Soviet Union, invaded the South.
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As South Korean forces moved up to stem the invasion, the world saw the challenge. Communism was on the march.
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The US had wanted to keep out of any wars in Asia after fighting there in World War Two.
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But it decided to send troops to support South Korea.
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We are united in detesting Communist slavery.
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We are determined to preserve our freedom no matter what the cost.
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The United States regarded the spread of communism as a huge threat.
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And because of that, Taiwan as a non-Communist country became an important ally.
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Chiang Kai-shek ran Taiwan as a dictatorship which imprisoned and executed its opponents.
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But because he shared America's anti-communist stance, for 20 years the US and Taiwan remained close.
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Thousands of American troops were stationed on the island ready to defend it.
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But then China's relationship with the Soviet Union, America's biggest rival, began to break down.
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And the US saw an opportunity.
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Up until now, the US had refused to recognise the legitimacy of the government in Beijing.
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But the two governments began to be driven by a shared desire to counterbalance the Soviet Union.
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For President Nixon, a sudden change in schedule.
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China was no longer an enemy.
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There can be no stable and enduring peace without the participation of the People's Republic of China and its 750 million people.
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Very quickly everything changed for Taiwan.
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And not just because of the US.
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At the United Nations an historic moment.
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The United Nations voted to change who represented mainland China.
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Up until now it had been Taiwan.
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But they gave the seat to the People's Republic of China.
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Now we are being deserted. We are being forsaken.
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Then under new leaders, the US and China got even closer.
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The US-China relationship normalised in 1979.
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As a condition of normalisation, the US then dropped its official relations with Taiwan.
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It was absolutely seen as an abandonment of Taiwan.
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The US pulled its troops off the island, but said it would keep unofficial relations with Taiwan.
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Back in the US, some politicians still saw the whole thing as a betrayal of their ally.
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Congress passed a law which said the government had to sell weapons to Taiwan so it could defend itself.
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But the US drew a line on going any further.
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It never stated clearly whether it would definitely come to Taiwan's assistance if it was attacked.
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It maintained this thing called strategic ambiguity, meaning that it was likely it would, but not completely certain.
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Since 1979, this American ambiguity hasn't changed.
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Even when Taiwan itself has.
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In the 1990s, it became a democracy and stopped claiming to represent the whole of China.
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But the Chinese position has always been that Taiwan is a part of China.
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China says it wants peaceful unification with Taiwan, but won't rule out the use of force.
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It runs frequent military exercises in the seas around the island.
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US intelligence agencies say they don't think an invasion is imminent, but that China is building up the military capability it could use to seize Taiwan.
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China has really scaled up its military exercises and threats vis a vis Taiwan.
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Chinese leaders also see the ability to return Taiwan to China as a test of its ability to break through Western containment.
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Taiwan sits at the centre of what's known as the First Island Chain.
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It links together US military bases in Japan and South Korea, and bases it has access to in the Philippines.
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Since 2024, the US and its allies have increased navy patrols here in the Taiwan Strait.
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A fifth of the world's sea trade goes through here.
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The tiny chip which powers the device you're using to watch this video was probably shipped from Taiwan through the strait.
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Taiwan is one of Asia's top economies.
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Most of the world's most advanced microchips are made by one Taiwanese company, TSMC.
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It's so important that it's seen by many as a deterrent against a Chinese invasion.
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Taiwan has this silicon shield because if you attack Taiwan, you attack this company and everyone kind of relies on this company now.
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The US is trying to reduce this reliance by helping TSMC set up this factory to make the same chips but in Arizona.
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China is also investing in manufacturing, but the vast majority of chips are still made in Taiwan.
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If that island were blockaded, that capacity were destroyed, it would be an economic apocalypse.
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That scenario is played out in a Taiwanese TV drama about a fictional Chinese invasion.
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It was partially funded by Taiwan's government, which in the real world has expanded defence drills to prepare civilians for possible attacks.
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But polls show that most people in Taiwan don't think China will invade any time soon.
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Most identify as Taiwanese, not Chinese.
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And many in Taiwan think that keeping things how they are is the best way to avoid war.
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The majority support the status quo, which is not to have unification, but not to have independence either. To live in this ambiguous area, but at least relatively secure and stable.
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But maintaining the status quo between Taiwan, China and the US is a delicate balance.
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Over the decades the three parties have been able to preserve peace and stability because of a willingness really to maintain ambiguities around Taiwan's status.
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But this question has become increasingly a point of contention between the US and China as competition heats up between the two powers.
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इस पाठ के बारे में
इस वीडियो में ताइवान और चीन के बीच की जटिल स्थिति के बारे में चर्चा की गई है, विशेष रूप से अमेरिका के साथ उसके संबंधों पर। ताइवान का इतिहास और इसके राजनीतिक परिदृश्य को समझना इस पाठ का मुख्य उद्देश्य है। आप इस चर्चा के दौरान विभिन्न महत्वपूर्ण शब्दावली और वाक्यांशों से परिचित होंगे और अपनी अंग्रेजी बोलने की क्षमता को बढ़ाने के लिए प्रैक्टिस करेंगे।
प्रमुख शब्दावली और वाक्यांश
- ताइवान - एक द्वीप जो चीन और अमेरिका के बीच एक विवादित क्षेत्र है।
- कुलीनता - ताइवान और चीनी सरकारों के बीच वैधता का विवाद।
- कम्युनिज़्म - एक राजनीतिक विचारधारा जो ताइवान और चीन के संबंधों को प्रभावित करती है।
- अमेरिकी नीति - अमेरिका की ताइवान के प्रति रक्षा नीति में अस्पष्टता।
- पुनर्स्थापन - संयुक्त राष्ट्र में ताइवान की प्रतिनिधित्व की स्थिति में परिवर्तन।
- सैन्य सहयोग - अमेरिका और ताइवान के बीच सुरक्षा संबंध।
- डिक्टेटरशिप - चियांग काई-शेक द्वारा ताइवान का शासन।
- संघर्ष - चाइनीज गृहयुद्ध की पृष्ठभूमि।
अभ्यास टिप्स
वीडियो की गति और स्वर के साथ प्रभावी रूप से अभ्यास करने के लिए, अंग्रेजी शैडोइंग तकनीक का उपयोग करें। वीडियो को ध्यान से सुनें और उसके बाद उसे दोहराने का प्रयास करें। यहाँ कुछ सुझाव दिए गए हैं:
- छाया बोलना (shadow speaking) का अभ्यास करते समय, शुरू में धीमी गति से बोलें और फिर धीरे-धीरे अपनी गति बढ़ाएं।
- वीडियो में प्रस्तुत वाक्यांशों को पहचानें और उन्हें अपने शब्दों में पुनः बनाने का प्रयास करें।
- वीडियो के शब्दों और वाक्यांशों के प्रति ध्यान केंद्रित करें और उन्हें ज़ोर से बोलते हुए धीरे-धीरे अपने उच्चारण में सुधार करें।
- अपने अभ्यास को shadowspeaks जैसे सोशल मीडिया प्लेटफार्मों पर साझा करें ताकि आप अपने हिट्स को देख सकें और आगे सुधार कर सकें।
- वीडियो को बार-बार देखें। प्रत्येक बार, ध्यान दें कि आप अपनी भाषाई प्रवाह को कैसे और बेहतर बना सकते हैं।
इस पद्धति से अभ्यास करते समय, आपकी अंग्रेजी बोलने की क्षमता में निरंतर सुधार होगा।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।
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