Pratica di Shadowing: High winds, lack of rain and climate change stoking California fires, say experts | BBC News - Impara a parlare inglese con YouTube

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Well, Los Angeles has, of course,
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Well, Los Angeles has, of course,
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been hit by devastating wildfires before,
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but weather experts say that it's being hit by the most destructive windstorm in decades,
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with winds of between 80 and 100 miles an hour.
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So how much of a role has climate change played in this extreme weather?
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Here's our climate editor, Justin Rowland.
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Still images show the fury and the horror of the fires engulfing parts of California.
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Wildfires are a year-round threat in the state,
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but this year it experienced its hottest summer on record.
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We know climate change is making the kind of hot,
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dry weather California has experienced in recent months more likely.
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And scientists say that is increasing the number of what are known as fire weather days.
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Now, this graph shows the increase in the area burnt by fires in the US since 1983.
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As you can see, it appears to have been growing steadily over the years.
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And there's another factor this year.
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The winter rains that normally reduce the fire risk in California didn't come.
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In fact, downtown Los Angeles has only received 0.16 inches of rain since October.
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That is more than four inches below average.
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The California governor, Gavin Newsom,
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believes the pattern of wildfires is changing.
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We were here not too long ago.
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The Franklin Fire a few weeks prior to that, the Mountain Fire.
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November, December, now January.
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There's no fire season, it's fire year, it's year round.
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And look how the wind has been blowing the fires.
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These Santa Ana, or devil winds as they're sometimes called,
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are a normal part of California weather,
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caused by cool, dry air blowing from the interior of the state to the coast.
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Climate change doesn't appear to have altered the pattern of the Santa Ana winds,
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but as our world warms,
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the dangerous combination of strong winds with very dry vegetation is becoming more likely.
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And just look at the scenes on the other side of the country.
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The East Coast and parts of central US are experiencing icy cold weather
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and snowstorms that have killed five people and left 60 million under extreme weather warnings the contrast could hardly be more stark.
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Justin Rowlat, BBC News.
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Our correspondent Helena Humphrey is in Hollywood and joins us now.
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Helena, it's easy to think that a wildfire is a rural phenomenon,
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but this is happening in urban areas.
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It absolutely is, and I think when you speak to people from Southern California,
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they'll tell you that they are used to seasonal wildfires wildfires.
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That isn't something that is new here,
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but what is new is the scale of what we're seeing.
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These flames, as you say,
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reaching urban areas right now.
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That Pacific Palisades fire, for example,
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is unprecedented in LA history.
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And that is because, as Justin was pointing out,
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these weather patterns are changing, exacerbated by climate change.
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If you take a look at the conditions here on the ground in January,
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it's expected to be the wet season.
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And instead, very little rain in the past eight months.
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The ground here is tinder dry.
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And then add to that the topography, of course, of L.A.
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Just think of the Hollywood Hills.
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And essentially, you have these canyon-like environments fanned by these hurricane winds of up to 100 miles per hour.
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And as you can see,
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that kind of creates a chimney-like effect.
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And that is what people have been dealing with on the ground.
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But really, the scale of this is unprecedented.
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And then on top of that,
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the fact that you haven't had that water means that fire hydrants,
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the likes of which you find on the street here,
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are seeing very low levels.
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So some fire crews have been trying to use that to hose out the flames,
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only to find sometimes that they have been running dry.
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Also, civilian planes going up,
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attempting to do water drops,
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including in the Hollywood Hills here behind me and they have found that that thick smoke is also causing turbulence,
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poor visibility, making fighting these flames,
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these blazes, all the more difficult.
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How much warning are people getting that they've got to leave their homes?
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I'm just thinking about what could they possibly salvage to take with them?
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Well, they can salvage very little.
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People I've been speaking to here in the heart of L.A.,
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places like Sunset Boulevard appear dazed, confused.
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They are standing there with pet carriers, with their dogs.
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They're wearing their flip-flops, carrier bags just filled with the bare essentials.
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They've had to just grab a bag and go.
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That has been the message.
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Authorities are saying this is not a drill.
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If you are told to evacuate,
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you have to get out.
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Over 100,000 people have already left.
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We know that there have been five fatalities,
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people who didn't necessarily get out on time,
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although the cause of death has yet to be confirmed.
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But yes, people are paying attention to the media.
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They've got an app on their phone for these warnings.
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We, as we arrived, were in the area of Hollywood where that blaze had sprung up,
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that sunset fire.
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We also received the alert on our phone saying that we had to leave that area.
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So that is what people are encountering right now.
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And I think they're very much on edge.
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They're looking at the horizon just a few hours ago,
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orange haze on that horizon coming towards them.
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And they're feeling very nervous,
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even if President Biden says that they'll have all the resources that they need to fight this fire and to rebuild.
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I think they just don't know what could come in the hours ahead.
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Helena, for the moment, thank you very much.
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Helena Humphrey.

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Perché praticare la conversazione con questo video?

Praticare la conversazione con video come quello sui incendi in California offre un contesto reale e attuale. Questo approccio è efficace per migliorare le proprie capacità di comunicazione in inglese, in quanto si apprendono vocaboli e frasi utilizzate in situazioni di crisi e cambiamento climatico. Inoltre, il commento dal vivo di esperti fornisce un modello autentico di shadow speech, in cui gli studenti possono imitare la dizione e l'intonazione dei parlanti nativi. Utilizzando tecniche di shadowing in inglese, gli studenti possono sviluppare una maggiore sicurezza nel parlare, facilitando una migliore comprensione e uso del linguaggio quotidiano.

Grammatica ed espressioni nel contesto

Nel video, vengono utilizzate varie strutture grammaticali e frasi chiave che sono utili per chi studia l'inglese. Ecco alcuni esempi:

  • Present continuous: "is being hit" - questa forma è usata per descrivere eventi in corso, essenziale per discutere situazioni attuali.
  • Strutture comparative: "more likely" - utile per esprimere differenze e confronti, particolarmente nel contesto di cambiamenti climatici.
  • Frasi condizionali: "if you take a look" - queste costruzioni sono fondamentali per formulare ipotesi e osservazioni.
  • Uso dei verbi modali: "could hardly be more stark" - i verbi modali sono critici per esprimere possibilità e probabilità in modo chiaro e preciso.

Il migliorare la pronuncia inglese attraverso l’analisi di queste strutture consente agli studenti di integrare la grammatica e il lessico nel loro discorso.

Trappole comuni di pronuncia

Durante il video, alcuni termini e frasi possono risultare impegnativi per gli studenti a causa della loro pronuncia. Alcuni di questi includono:

  • California: attenzione alla corretta enfatizzazione delle sillabe.
  • Santa Ana: assicurati di pronunciare correttamente il nome locale per suonare più naturale.
  • Wildfires: il suono "fire" può risultare difficile per alcuni, quindi pratica il contesto di utilizzo e cerca di ripetere con shadow speak.

Affrontare queste trappole di pronuncia aiuterà a rafforzare la tua sicurezza nell'uso della lingua. Iniziare a fare shadowing con questo video ti permetterà di sviluppare non solo la tua fluidità, ma anche un accento più autentico nel parlare inglese.

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

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