Pratica di Shadowing: How babies learn to talk ⏲️ 6 Minute English - Impara a parlare inglese con YouTube

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6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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Hello.
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This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Phil.
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And I'm Georgie.
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For most parents, their baby's first word is a special moment.
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This happens after an early stage of language development called babble,
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when babies start making simple sounds like ga or ma.
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Babies have to learn to use their mouth muscles to make specific sounds.
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They experiment with different sounds and mouth shapes.
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So what exactly is happening when babies start learning to speak?
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What do you think, Georgie?
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Well, Phil, I'm no expert,
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but I imagine they watch the adults around them and kind of copy and imitate what they do.
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What do you think?
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I definitely think that's what my children did when they were learning to speak.
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Well, let's compare our ideas with those of an expert.
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Professor Julian Pine from Liverpool University,
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speaking here on BBC Radio 4,
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and he lists the skills that babies develop in order to speak.
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Well, one of the first things the child's got to do is they've got to break down the speech stream into words.
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Then they've got to link the words to the things that they refer to in the environment,
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so they've got to learn what the words mean.
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Right.
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In this programme, we'll discover how babies learn to speak and,
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as usual, we'll learn some useful new vocabulary.
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And on the subject of words,
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remember you can find a list of this programme's vocabulary on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.
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Some people find it helpful to study the vocabulary before listening.
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And another thing to do before listening is ask my question.
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Georgie, we've mentioned the babbling noises that babies make when learning to speak,
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but at what age does this usually start?
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Is it a around six months old,
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b around nine months old,
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or c around one year old?
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OK, I think my best guess would be a around six months old.
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OK, well we'll find out a little bit later on in the programme.
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Let's return to Professor Pine's list.
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The first thing babies do is recognise where individual words start and end.
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For this, it helps to know that,
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in English at least, words often begin with a stressed syllable,
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the sound in a word which is emphasised by being spoken longer or louder.
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Learning this takes time, and here Professor Pine and Michael Rosen,
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presenter of BBC Radio 4's programme Word of Mouth,
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discuss children who haven't quite discovered it yet.
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And we can see this in the kind of errors
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that children make because little kids will often call the giraffe a raff
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by leaving off the unstressed syllable because that's not typical English.
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Oh, and I've got an example of this.
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My son used to call a machine a sminge.
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He just hit the stress.
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He didn't bother with the muth bit.
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Yeah, exactly.
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Well, he may have thought it was my sminge, of course.
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That's the other thing.
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And the classic example, of course,
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is nana instead of banana.
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Yes.
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I think I call them that.
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One error, or mistake, infants make is calling a giraffe a raf,
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because they cut off the first syllable,
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G, because it's not stressed.
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The classic example of this is when children say nana instead of banana.
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A classic example of something means the best example of it,
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one containing all the features you expect such a thing to have.
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For example, ants are a classic example of animals working together.
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The second skill babies develop as they learn to speak is correctly linking a word to the object it refers to.
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In other words, knowing what the word means.
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As adults, we do this without thinking,
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but it's actually much harder than it sounds,
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as Professor Julian Pine explains to BBC Radio 4 programme Word of Mouth.
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Well, we take for granted the fact that it's kind of obvious what words refer to in the environment,
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but actually, if you look at it from the child's point of view,
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it's really difficult to work out what a word refers to because there's so many things it could refer to.
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So, you know, the speech signal is very ambiguous.
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How does the child know that you're talking about the cup in front of you
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or the pen in front of you when you say pen or cup?
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As adults, we take it for granted that when a friend says apple,
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they mean that round red thing on the table.
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To take it for granted means to assume something without question.
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But for a baby, the link between the word apple and the object is not obvious.
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It's ambiguous, meaning it has more than one possible meaning.
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Wow.
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Who knew so much was going on inside babies' sponge-like brains as they soak up the sounds they hear?
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Right.
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Phil, isn't it time to reveal the answer to your question?
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Erm, it is indeed.
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The question was, at what age do babies start to make babbling noises?
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And I said it was around six months.
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And that is the correct answer.
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Yay!
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Babies start to do this when they're about six months old.
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OK, let's recap the vocabulary that we've learnt,
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starting with babble, the meaningless noises babies make as they're learning to speak.
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The stressed syllable in a word is the sound which is emphasised by being longer,
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louder or higher.
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An error is a mistake.
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The classic example of something is the most typical example of it,
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containing its most important features.
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If you take something for granted,
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you accept or assume it without question.
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And finally, the adjective ambiguous means having more than one possible meaning.
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Once again, our six minutes are up,
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but if you're ready for more,
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you'll find the worksheet with a quiz and a transcript for this programme on our website.
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See you there soon.
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Bye!
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Bye!

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Contesto e Sfondo

Nel video "How babies learn to talk", presentato in un episodio di 6 Minute English, si esplora come i bambini inizino a parlare, un processo che affascina molti genitori. I relatori, Phil e Georgie, discutono con esperti come il Professor Julian Pine dell'Università di Liverpool, che fornisce preziose informazioni sullo sviluppo linguistico nei bambini. Durante la prima fase, i bambini emettono suoni semplici attraverso un processo noto come "babbling". Questi suoni sono fondamentali per apprendere l'uso delle caratteristiche specifiche del linguaggio e, di conseguenza, dell'inglese. Comprendere questo processo può essere utile anche per chi desidera migliorare le proprie abilità linguistiche attraverso la pratica di conversazione in inglese.

Top 5 Frasi per la Comunicazione Quotidiana

  • Ga e ma: i primi suoni emessi dai bambini durante il babbling.
  • Imitare: il metodo principale attraverso cui i bambini apprendono nuovi suoni e parole.
  • Significato delle parole: un concetto fondamentale che i bambini devono afferrare per comunicare efficacemente.
  • Parole e suoni: la capacità di distinguere tra suoni simili e parole è un passo cruciale nell'apprendimento linguistico.
  • Sillabe accentate: riconoscere dove inizia e finisce una parola è essenziale per la pronuncia corretta.

Guida Step-by-step per il Shadowing

Per migliorare la tua pratica di conversazione in inglese, puoi seguire una tecnica chiamata shadowspeak, che ti aiuterà a praticare la pronuncia e l'intonazione corretta. Ecco un semplice passo dopo passo per affrontare la difficoltà di questo video:

  1. Ascolta attentamente: prima di tutto, ascolta il video senza nessuna distrazione. Concentrati sui suoni e sulle intonazioni.
  2. Pratica il babbling: prova a riprodurre i suoni iniziali come "ga" e "ma". Questo ti aiuterà a sentirti più a tuo agio con i suoni dell'inglese.
  3. Imita le frasi: usa le frasi elencate nella sezione precedente e prova a imitarle esattamente come le senti. Presta attenzione alla pronuncia delle sillabe accentate.
  4. Ripeti: ascolta di nuovo e ripeti le frasi più volte, cercando di imitare il tono e il ritmo dei relatori.
  5. Verifica: registra te stesso mentre parli e confronta la tua pronuncia con quella del video. Questo ti aiuterà a identificare aree di miglioramento.

Utilizzando questo metodo di shadowing in inglese abbinato alla visione di video, come "imparare l'inglese con youtube", potrai affinare le tue abilità linguistiche e sentirti più sicuro nel parlare in inglese!

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

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