シャドーイング練習: Addicted to sugar ⏲️ 6 Minute English - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Neil.
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And I'm Georgie.
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Would you like a cup of tea, Neil?
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Oh yes, thanks Georgie.
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With milk and three sugars, please.
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Three sugars?
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Wow, you really have a sweet tooth.
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You like eating sweet things.
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Aren't you worried about your weight?
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Yes, but I can't say no to sugar.
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Just as our addiction to oil is causing a climate emergency, our addiction to sugar is causing a health emergency for our bodies.
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Sugar gives us an instant hit of the chemical hormone dopamine, making us feel good, but in the long run causing obesity,
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tooth decay and diseases like diabetes.
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But how did our addiction to the sweet stuff begin?
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That's what we'll be discussing in this programme and, as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.
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Anyway, here's your tea, Neil.
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I just put one sugar.
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Thanks, Georgie.
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I'll give it a try.
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Now, before we go on, I have a question for you.
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Sugar cane, which grows naturally in Asia, Africa and the Americas, first came to England in the 11th century.
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Back then it was an expensive luxury item, affordable only to kings, queens and the very rich.
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So which English monarch loved eating sugar so much their teeth turned black?
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Was it a King Henry VIII, b Queen Elizabeth I, or c Mary Queen of Scots?
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I know Henry VIII was very unhealthy, so I'll guess it's him.
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OK, Georgie, we'll find out the answer later in the programme.
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Just now I compared sugar to oil as the world's most important commodity.
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A commodity is a product or natural resource that can be traded, bought and sold.
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Today, economies, governments and wars are based on controlling oil.
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But in earlier centuries, the same was true of sugar.
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For 400 years, sugar, along with coffee and tobacco, was grown in slavery plantations and shipped across the Atlantic Ocean to Europe.
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By the time slavery was ended in 1834, the demand for sugar in Europe and the United States was at a record high.
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Here's Professor of International History Ulber Bosmer explaining more to BBC Radio 4 programme Thinking Aloud.
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Sugar was already an extremely important commodity in the 16th and 17th and 18th century.
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And in the 19th century we see a staggering growth of sugar consumption in Europe and the United States.
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And with that, sugar became the fuel for human bodies, whereas oil became the fuel for vehicles in the 20th century.
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Professor Bosma talks about the staggering growth in the popularity of sugar.
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The adjective staggering means shocking or surprising.
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Just like oil became the fuel for machine engines, sugar became the fuel for the human body.
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Fuel is a substance that is burned to provide heat or power.
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Trading companies had become rich selling sugar grown using slave labour.
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When people began to realise the health problems of sugar in the 20th century, these companies needed new ways to sell their product,
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and began using sugar in food which had previously contained none – food like bread, cereal and yoghurt.
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Here's Professor Bosma again, taking up the story for BBC Radio 4's Thinking Aloud.
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You can flood the market with a certain commodity, with sugar in this case, but that still does not mean that people will consume it.
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So the eating habits of people had to change.
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People, until the early 19th century, they had a few spoons of sugar per week, but not a kilo which people consume today in many countries in the world.
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companies flooded the market with their commodity.
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If you flood the market, you make a lot of your product available for sale, often at a low price.
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But just because something is cheap and easily available doesn't mean people will eat it.
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So sugar companies try to increase sugar consumption by changing people's eating habits – the way a group of people eat.
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For example, which types of food they eat, how much of it and how often.
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Instead of one or two spoons of sugar per week, people started eating kilos, with results we see around us every day.
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Worldwide, obesity and heart disease have tripled in the last 50 years.
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What's more, because sugary food is cheaper, it's often the poorest in society who are worst affected.
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Hmm, maybe it's time to try having your tea without any sugar, eh Neil?
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And to reveal the answer to your question, which English monarch's famous love of sugar turned their teeth black, I guessed it was the notorious overeater, Henry VIII.
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Which was the wrong answer, I'm afraid, Georgie.
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In fact, during the years before toothpaste and dentist, those black, stumpy teeth belong to Queen Elizabeth I.
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OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned from this programme about sugar, starting with a sweet tooth,
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a fondness for eating sweet, sugary food and drinks.
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A commodity is a product or natural resource that can be traded, bought and sold.
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Fuel is a substance such as oil or coal that is burned to provide heat or power.
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The adjective staggering means very shocking and surprising.
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If a company floods the market, they release a lot of a particular product for sale, often at a low price.
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And finally, eating habits describe the way a particular group of people eat.
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For example, which types of food they eat, how much and how often.
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Once again, our six minutes are up.
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Join us again soon for more trending topics and useful vocabulary here at 6 Minute English.
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Goodbye for now.
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Bye.
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コンテキストと背景
このビデオはBBC Learning Englishの「6 Minute English」シリーズの一部で、ネイルとジョージーの対話を通じて、砂糖への依存についての議論が展開されます。話の中で、砂糖がどのように私たちの食生活と健康に影響を与えているのか、また歴史的な背景について触れています。英語学習者にとって、この対話は日常会話での表現を学ぶ良い機会です。
日常コミュニケーションのためのトップ5フレーズ
- 「Would you like a cup of tea?」 - お茶はいかがですか？
- 「You really have a sweet tooth.」 - 甘いものが好きですね。
- 「Aren't you worried about your weight?」 - 体重が気になりませんか？
- 「Sugar gives us an instant hit of the chemical hormone dopamine.」 - 砂糖は私たちに即座にドーパミンを与えます。
- 「Sugar was already an extremely important commodity.」 - 砂糖はすでに非常に重要な商品でした。
ステップバイステップシャドーイングガイド
このビデオを利用して英語の発音を良くするための具体的な手順を以下に示します。英語シャドーイングは、リスニング能力の向上と発音の改善に非常に効果的です。以下のステップを試してみてください。
- 初めにリスニング： ビデオを一度通して聞き、内容を理解します。
- フレーズを分解： 上記のトップ5フレーズを繰り返し練習します。特に発音やイントネーションに注意を払いましょう。
- 短いセクションでのシャドーイング： ビデオを短い区切りで再生し、その後に続けて話します。ネイルとジョージーの会話に合わせて声に出してみましょう。
- 録音して確認： 自分の声を録音し、オリジナルと比較しましょう。発音やリズムの違いをチェックします。
- IELTSスピーキング対策： ビデオの内容を基に自分の意見を形成し、話す練習をしましょう。同じテーマについて自分なりの見解を述べることで、スピーキング能力の向上につながります。
このプロセスを通じて、英語の発音を良くするだけでなく、実際の会話に役立つ表現も学ぶことができます。英語学習者にとって、シャドーイングは効果的な学習方法ですので、ぜひこの機会に取り入れてみてください。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。