シャドーイング練習: Can we boost the immune system? ⏲️ 6 Minute English - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com Hello.
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This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Georgie.
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And I'm Neil.
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In this programme, we're talking about the immune system,
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which is the body's natural defence against getting ill.
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Now Georgie, is there anything you do to boost your immune system?
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Yes.
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I try to eat lots of oranges,
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which apparently have lots of vitamin C.
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And there are lots of things people do to try to improve their immune system and stay healthier,
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like eating certain foods, taking vitamins or even activities like swimming in cold water.
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We'll find out how useful some of these techniques are in today's programme.
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But first, Georgie, a question.
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We all know the common cold.
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Now that's the illness that makes you cough and sneeze,
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have a sore throat and headache.
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But how many colds does the average adult get in the UK each year?
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Is it A, 2 to 3,
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B, 4 to 5, or C, 7 to 8?
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Hmm...
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8 would be a lot.
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I'm going to go with A,
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2 to 3 colds a year.
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Well, we'll find out at the end of the programme if you're right.
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Now, many people can become ill over the winter with diseases like colds, flu and COVID-19.
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Host of BBC Radio 4 programme Inside Health,
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James Gallagher, gathered some experts to talk about immune systems,
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and he started off by asking whether they'd had more illnesses than usual this winter.
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Hello.
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Hi.
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Right, how has everyone been this winter?
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Because I've had a rotten one and I have felt constantly ill since about November.
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John?
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I have not had anything yet, touch wood.
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OK, let's see what I can infect you with by the end of the show.
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Margaret?
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I was pretty unwell in September.
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I had what I presumed to be Covid,
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but I've been all right since, mild snuffles aside.
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Eleanor, I really need someone to back me up.
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Er, no, sorry, I've been absolutely 100% tickety-boo.
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Unlike James, Professor John Tregoning hasn't been ill.
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John uses the expression, touch wood,
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which is an informal phrase said in order to avoid bad luck.
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Dr Margaret McCartney was unwell in September but has only had a few snuffles since.
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Snuffles is an informal word used to describe minor illnesses that affect your nose.
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We can also say sniffles.
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Host James is surprised that nobody has been ill and says to Professor Eleanor Riley,
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back me up.
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If you ask someone to back you up,
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you're asking for them to say something which supports your opinion.
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But Eleanor has had a healthy winter too.
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She's been tickety-boo, which is an informal phrase meaning everything's fine or in good order.
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Throughout the winter, many people try different techniques,
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like taking supplements or eating certain foods to boost their immune system,
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to improve their body's natural defences against disease.
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Host of BBC Radio 4's Inside Health,
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James Gallagher, asks Dr Margaret McCartney whether some of these products are successful.
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OK, quick fire round, Margaret.
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Echinacea?
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No. Turmeric?
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No. Ginger shots?
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No. This is a very, very good quiz.
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What about the stuff you squirt up your nose when you're at the beginning of an infection?
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Interesting, but not any better than normal saline spray, just salt water.
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In fact, according to Margaret,
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there isn't enough evidence that many popular health products can actually change the way your immune system works.
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Another popular health trend in the UK is cold water swimming.
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People who swim in cold water say it's good for their mental health
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and they also believe it makes them less likely to get ill during the winter months.
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But scientists aren't sure about the benefits of cold water swimming for the immune system yet,
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as Professor John Tregoning explains to BBC Radio 4's Inside Health.
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The social element actually is really important and it probably is beneficial to do,
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you reduce stress and cortisol dampens the immune system.
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So actually, if you're stressed,
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then maybe you are more prone to infection,
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and that may be why that benefit of being with people,
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nice people that you like in nice places, is helping.
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But I don't think it's unique to cold water swimming.
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I think you could probably get it from dancing or singing or going for a run.
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John says that cortisol, a chemical associated with stress, dampens the immune system.
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Here, dampens means makes weaker.
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We also have a common expression,
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dampen someone's spirits, which means to make them less enthusiastic about something.
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John says that there is evidence that people who are stressed are more prone to infection.
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If you're more prone to something,
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it's more likely to happen to you.
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It could be that cold water swimming reduces stress and so it helps people's immune systems work well.
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But there are lots of other activities that could have the same effect and help people have fewer colds over winter.
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Which reminds me of my question, Georgie.
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I asked how many colds the average UK adult has a year.
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And I said two to three.
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And that is the correct answer, so well done!
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Thank you!
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OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learnt starting with touch wood,
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which is an expression used,
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often in speech, to avoid bad luck.
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Snuffles are minor illnesses that affect your nose.
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If you ask someone to back you up,
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you want them to say something to support your opinion.
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The expression tickety-boo means fine and in good order.
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If you dampen something, you make it weaker.
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And the expression dampen someone's spirits means you make them less enthusiastic about something.
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And if you're more prone to something,
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it's more likely to happen to you.
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Once again, our six minutes are up,
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but you can test what you've learned with the free interactive quiz on our website.
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Bye for now.
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Goodbye.
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Thanks for listening to this podcast from BBC Learning English.
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Continue your learning on our website with courses,
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quizzes and programmes to improve your English.
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visit bbclearningenglish.com.
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この動画で話す練習をする理由
この「6 Minute English」の動画は、免疫システムに関する会話を通じて、英語のスピーキング能力を向上させる素晴らしい機会です。英語を学ぶ上で重要なことは、実際の会話を通じて言語を習得することです。この動画は、日常生活においてよく使われる表現や語彙を学ぶ絶好のチャンスを提供します。具体的な健康や免疫に関する話題について話すことで、関連する語彙を広げ、自然な会話を楽しむ力を鍛えることができます。さらに、英語のリスニング理解にも役立ちます。日本語のシャドーイングを行うことで、音声を真似て発音を改善し、より自信を持って英語を話せるようになります。
文法とコンテキストにおける表現
- 「Is there anything you do to boost your immune system?」 – 疑問文を用いた表現で、相手に行動を尋ねる構文です。ここでは「do」を使った簡単な現象文が使われています。
- 「I try to eat lots of oranges, which apparently have lots of vitamin C.」 – 「which」を使った非制限的関係代名詞の例です。具体的な情報を付加することで、英語のスキルを向上させる良い練習になります。
- 「I have not had anything yet, touch wood.」 – 「touch wood」という表現は、カジュアルな場面での会話によく使われます。この表現を知ることで、日常会話によりなじみやすくなります。
よくある発音の落とし穴
この動画では、いくつかの難しい単語やフレーズが登場します。「immune system」や「constantly」などの言葉は、特に英語を学んでいる人にとって発音が難しいかもしれません。これらの単語を繰り返し練習することで、英語の発音を良くする手助けとなり、自信を持って話せるようになります。また、「snuffles」や「tickety-boo」といったインフォーマルな用語も含まれており、これらも シャドーイングを通じて練習すると良いでしょう。英語シャドーイングを行うことで、流暢さや発音の精度を向上させることが期待できます。
この動画で学んだ内容を活用して、実際に英語を話す練習を重ね、shadowspeakerとしてのスキルを磨きましょう。日常生活のあらゆる場面で自信を持って英語を話せるようになります。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。