シャドーイング練習: Forget the Corporate Ladder — Winners Take Risks | Molly Graham | TED - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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There's a lot of pressure around what it takes to build a great career.
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There's a lot of pressure around what it takes to build a great career.
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And it all comes back to this idea that you're supposed to know what you want to do.
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It’s an idea that I like to call “the stairs.” Here's how the stairs go.
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You show up in college, and you're supposed to know what you want to major in.
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That major is supposed to lead you to your first job, and then you get another job, and you get promoted and promoted and promoted forever.
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The best part about the stairs is safety and security.
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It feels like you know what you need to do to get ahead.
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The worst part of the stairs is that it's like a weird video game that you can get stuck inside of for years.
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The stairs will make you feel like your self-worth is tied to your title, or your last performance rating, or your next promotion.
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But the truth is that the stairs are an illusion.
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These days, excellent careers are not built by excellent stair climbers.
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Said differently, one of the most important things you can get good at in your career is taking risks.
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Or, as I like to call it, jumping off cliffs.
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Let me explain what I mean with a story.
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When I was 25, I got offered a crazy job.
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I had spent a couple of years climbing the stairs in Human Resources at Facebook when the leader of another department came to me and asked me to help him start a new project, doing something that I knew nothing about.
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It was a long-term project, it was risky, and a lot of people told me it would probably fail.
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I was intrigued, but I was also scared.
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So I talked to a bunch of different people, and I have to admit, a lot of them told me not to take it.
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But there was this little voice inside me that just kept saying, "I wonder.
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I wonder if I can be capable in this completely new environment." So I took a risk and I took the job.
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Now I'd like to say that what happened next was that it was obviously a great decision and I was immediately successful.
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But actually, the first nine months on this project felt a lot more like falling off of a very steep cliff.
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I had gone from feeling competent and capable in HR to feeling like an absolute idiot all the time.
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I was sitting in rooms with brilliant people asking very dumb questions.
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Six months into this job, I got the lowest performance rating of my entire life.
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I had so many moments when all I wanted to do was run back to the safety and security of the stairs.
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But about nine months in, something interesting happened.
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I had to lead a meeting.
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It sounds simple, but it was a big meeting.
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It was a complicated debate about a nuanced part of this project.
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I was successful, and I so vividly remember walking out of that meeting feeling like myself again.
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I had gone from feeling like a beginner in this new environment to feeling confident and capable.
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I spent another three years on this project, learning and growing, and on the other side of it, I was a completely different person.
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I was offered jobs that no one would have offered me if I had stayed in HR.
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That's the thing about jumping off cliffs.
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It doesn't just take you a couple flights up on the stairs.
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It's like a weird elevator that takes you to a whole new place.
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Cliff jumps teach you who you are and what you are capable of in ways that the stairs can never.
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To get good at jumping off cliffs, you have to get good at three things.
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The first is actually jumping off the cliff.
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(Laughter) After many years of coaching people through career decisions, I know that sometimes it is just not the right time to take a risk, but I can also tell you that most people do not stay stuck on the stairs out of necessity.
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They stay there out of fear.
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The trick is to learn to tell the difference between the kind of fear that says, "I'm scared I might run out of money," which you should actually listen to, and the kind of fear that says, "I'm scared I might fail," which you should take as a giant green flashing light to jump.
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Cliff jumps teach you what you are capable of in spite of fear.
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The second thing you have to get good at in order to get good at jumping off cliffs is surviving the fall.
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Jumping off a cliff is taking a giant step backwards into the land of being a beginner again.
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That means it's a very big learning process.
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And with that comes a huge emotional roller coaster.
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Daily. Weekly. Sometimes hourly.
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All of my jumps have involved vacillating wildly between feeling like, "Oh, maybe I'm going to be good at this," and then immediately feeling like, "Who the hell even gave me this job in the first place?" All of that is normal, and it doesn't actually mean that anything is wrong.
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You have to learn to expect the roller coaster and ignore it at the same time.
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The most valuable mantra for me in this phase has been: give it two weeks.
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A lot of people will tell you to sleep on it.
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I can tell you most of these emotions don't go away overnight.
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Two weeks is a great barometer for things that you should actually pay attention to.
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The third thing you have to get good at in order to get good at jumping off cliffs is becoming a professional idiot.
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(Laughter) I can tell you that this is one of my greatest strengths.
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I am comfortable sounding like a moron.
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I am great at sitting in rooms with brilliant people asking very dumb questions.
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But what that actually means is that I have become an extraordinary learner.
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My favorite phrase is, "Sorry if this is a stupid question, but." When you ask it that way, everybody wants to make you feel better.
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They're like, "No, no, that's not a dumb question." And then they would love to teach you what they know.
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People love being teachers.
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It makes them feel smart.
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The other thing you discover is that most stupid questions aren't actually stupid.
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So many people are afraid of sounding dumb that the world is littered with important questions that never got asked.
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Questions like, "Can you define that word for me?", "Why are we doing this?", "Why are we having this meeting?" (Laughter) Embracing being a professional idiot often actually makes you the most valuable person in the room.
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There's a last thing, part of the illusion of the stairs, that becomes really obvious the more cliffs that you jump off of.
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And that is the idea that there is one set of stairs, one definition of success.
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I have a lot of friends that have climbed up the stairs to some version of the top -- a fancy title, a lot of money, fame -- and then they've realized that they're miserable.
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One friend described becoming CEO of her company and immediately thinking, "Is this all there is?" You know what she did next?
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She jumped off a professional cliff.
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She went from being the CEO of a marketing agency to helping people who were dying in hospice.
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Success is not the same for everyone.
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I know that what I'm talking about isn't easy.
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It takes bravery to trade the known for the unknown.
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It takes courage to do something that might seem like a step sideways or backwards to someone else.
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But you will never really know who you are or what you are capable of until you learn how to try.
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Thank you. (Applause)
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コンテキストと背景
この動画は、キャリア構築に関する圧力と、それに伴うリスクテイクの重要性についての講演です。スピーカーのモリー・グラハムは、従来の「階段」の考え方を批判し、成功を収めるためにはリスクを取ることが不可欠であると説明しています。特に、若い世代は将来についての不安を抱えやすく、正しい選択をすることの重要性を強調しています。この点から、英語スピーキング練習を行う際にも、リスクを取ることが役立つことを理解しましょう。
日常コミュニケーションのためのトップ5フレーズ
- Stairs are an illusion.（階段は幻想だ。）
- I wonder if I can be capable.（自分ができるかどうか、考えてしまう。）
- Jumping off cliffs.（崖から飛び降りること。）
- The trick is to learn to tell the difference.（コツは違いを見極めることだ。）
- Surviving the fall.（落下を生き延びること。）
ステップバイステップのシャドーイングガイド
動画を視聴しながら、以下の手順に従ってシャドースピーキングを行い、英語の発音を良くする練習をしましょう。
- 視聴準備：まずは動画を一度通して視聴しましょう。内容を理解し、重要なフレーズに注意を払いましょう。
- フレーズ選び：上記のトップ5フレーズをリストから選び、何度も口に出してみてください。特に、リズムとイントネーションに注意をしましょう。
- シャドーイング：YouTubeで英語学習を行う際、モリーの発音や話し方を真似ながら実際に声に出してみましょう。何度も繰り返しているうちに自然と滑らかに話せるようになります。
- パートナーとの練習：友人やクラスメートと一緒に練習し、英語スピーキング練習を行いましょう。お互いにフィードバックを与えることが、さらに上達する鍵です。
- 評価と改善：シャドーイングを続けた後、録音をして自身のスピーキングを聴いてみましょう。発音の改善点を見つけ、反省点をノートに記録して次回の練習に活かしましょう。
このプロセスを通じて、IELTSスピーキング対策にも繋がり、将来的には自信を持って英語を話せるようになるでしょう。新しい環境での挑戦を恐れず、飛び込むことが大切です。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。