シャドーイング練習: High winds, lack of rain and climate change stoking California fires, say experts | BBC News - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Well, Los Angeles has, of course,
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Well, Los Angeles has, of course,
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been hit by devastating wildfires before,
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but weather experts say that it's being hit by the most destructive windstorm in decades,
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with winds of between 80 and 100 miles an hour.
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So how much of a role has climate change played in this extreme weather?
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Here's our climate editor, Justin Rowland.
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Still images show the fury and the horror of the fires engulfing parts of California.
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Wildfires are a year-round threat in the state,
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but this year it experienced its hottest summer on record.
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We know climate change is making the kind of hot,
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dry weather California has experienced in recent months more likely.
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And scientists say that is increasing the number of what are known as fire weather days.
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Now, this graph shows the increase in the area burnt by fires in the US since 1983.
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As you can see, it appears to have been growing steadily over the years.
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And there's another factor this year.
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The winter rains that normally reduce the fire risk in California didn't come.
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In fact, downtown Los Angeles has only received 0.16 inches of rain since October.
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That is more than four inches below average.
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The California governor, Gavin Newsom,
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believes the pattern of wildfires is changing.
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We were here not too long ago.
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The Franklin Fire a few weeks prior to that, the Mountain Fire.
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November, December, now January.
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There's no fire season, it's fire year, it's year round.
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And look how the wind has been blowing the fires.
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These Santa Ana, or devil winds as they're sometimes called,
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are a normal part of California weather,
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caused by cool, dry air blowing from the interior of the state to the coast.
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Climate change doesn't appear to have altered the pattern of the Santa Ana winds,
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but as our world warms,
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the dangerous combination of strong winds with very dry vegetation is becoming more likely.
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And just look at the scenes on the other side of the country.
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The East Coast and parts of central US are experiencing icy cold weather
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and snowstorms that have killed five people and left 60 million under extreme weather warnings the contrast could hardly be more stark.
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Justin Rowlat, BBC News.
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Our correspondent Helena Humphrey is in Hollywood and joins us now.
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Helena, it's easy to think that a wildfire is a rural phenomenon,
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but this is happening in urban areas.
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It absolutely is, and I think when you speak to people from Southern California,
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they'll tell you that they are used to seasonal wildfires wildfires.
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That isn't something that is new here,
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but what is new is the scale of what we're seeing.
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These flames, as you say,
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reaching urban areas right now.
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That Pacific Palisades fire, for example,
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is unprecedented in LA history.
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And that is because, as Justin was pointing out,
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these weather patterns are changing, exacerbated by climate change.
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If you take a look at the conditions here on the ground in January,
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it's expected to be the wet season.
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And instead, very little rain in the past eight months.
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The ground here is tinder dry.
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And then add to that the topography, of course, of L.A.
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Just think of the Hollywood Hills.
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And essentially, you have these canyon-like environments fanned by these hurricane winds of up to 100 miles per hour.
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And as you can see,
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that kind of creates a chimney-like effect.
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And that is what people have been dealing with on the ground.
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But really, the scale of this is unprecedented.
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And then on top of that,
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the fact that you haven't had that water means that fire hydrants,
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the likes of which you find on the street here,
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are seeing very low levels.
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So some fire crews have been trying to use that to hose out the flames,
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only to find sometimes that they have been running dry.
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Also, civilian planes going up,
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attempting to do water drops,
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including in the Hollywood Hills here behind me and they have found that that thick smoke is also causing turbulence,
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poor visibility, making fighting these flames,
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these blazes, all the more difficult.
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How much warning are people getting that they've got to leave their homes?
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I'm just thinking about what could they possibly salvage to take with them?
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Well, they can salvage very little.
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People I've been speaking to here in the heart of L.A.,
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places like Sunset Boulevard appear dazed, confused.
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They are standing there with pet carriers, with their dogs.
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They're wearing their flip-flops, carrier bags just filled with the bare essentials.
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They've had to just grab a bag and go.
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That has been the message.
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Authorities are saying this is not a drill.
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If you are told to evacuate,
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you have to get out.
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Over 100,000 people have already left.
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We know that there have been five fatalities,
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people who didn't necessarily get out on time,
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although the cause of death has yet to be confirmed.
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But yes, people are paying attention to the media.
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They've got an app on their phone for these warnings.
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We, as we arrived, were in the area of Hollywood where that blaze had sprung up,
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that sunset fire.
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We also received the alert on our phone saying that we had to leave that area.
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So that is what people are encountering right now.
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And I think they're very much on edge.
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They're looking at the horizon just a few hours ago,
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orange haze on that horizon coming towards them.
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And they're feeling very nervous,
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even if President Biden says that they'll have all the resources that they need to fight this fire and to rebuild.
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I think they just don't know what could come in the hours ahead.
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Helena, for the moment, thank you very much.
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Helena Humphrey.
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背景とコンテキスト
この動画では、カリフォルニア州における気候変動と野火の影響について専門家が語っています。ロサンゼルスはここ数十年で最も破壊的な強風に見舞われ、気象学者たちはその原因として気候変動が大きな役割を果たしていると指摘しています。また、野火が都市部にも広がる様子が描かれており、例としてパシフィック・パリセーズの火災が挙げられています。これにより、夏に記録的な高温が続き、雨が不足することで火災のリスクが増加していることが強調されています。
日常コミュニケーションのためのトップ5フレーズ
- It’s year round, it’s fire year.（これは年間を通じて続く火災の年です。）
- Climate change is making hot, dry weather more likely.（気候変動は暑く乾燥した天候をより可能性のあるものにしています。）
- Look how the wind has been blowing the fires.（風が火災をどのように引き起こしているか見てください。）
- The pattern of wildfires is changing.（野火のパターンが変わっています。）
- This fire is unprecedented in LA history.（この火災はロサンゼルスの歴史において前例のないものです。）
ステップバイステップ シャドーイングガイド
このビデオを利用して英語スピーキング練習を行うための具体的な手順を以下に示します。
- 聞き取る: 初めに動画を視聴し、全体を通して内容を把握します。特に発音とアクセントに注目してください。
- フレーズを選ぶ: 上記の「トップ5フレーズ」から、自分が使いたいフレーズを選びます。これらは日常生活でも使える表現です。
- シャドーイング: フレーズを聴きながら、すぐに自分の言葉で繰り返す練習をします。発音を良くするために、特に強調されている部分に注意を払いましょう。
- 録音する: 自分の発音を録音し、オリジナルの音声と聞き比べます。どこを改善すべきかを見つけるための良いテストになります。
- 復習する: 難しかった部分や、正確に言えなかった部分を繰り返し練習しましょう。このプロセスは、英語の発音を良くするための重要なステップです。
この練習は、英語シャドーイング技術を使用して、会話能力を向上させるのに役立ちます。shadowspeaksの方法を活用することで、より自然な英語を話せるようになるでしょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。