シャドーイング練習: How to gain control of your free time | Laura Vanderkam | TED - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Translator: Leslie Gauthier Reviewer: Camille Martínez When people find out I write about time management, they assume two things.
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Translator: Leslie Gauthier Reviewer: Camille Martínez When people find out I write about time management, they assume two things.
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One is that I'm always on time, and I'm not.
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I have four small children, and I would like to blame them for my occasional tardiness, but sometimes it's just not their fault.
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I was once late to my own speech on time management.
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(Laughter) We all had to just take a moment together and savor that irony.
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The second thing they assume is that I have lots of tips and tricks for saving bits of time here and there.
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Sometimes I'll hear from magazines that are doing a story along these lines, generally on how to help their readers find an extra hour in the day.
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And the idea is that we'll shave bits of time off everyday activities, add it up, and we'll have time for the good stuff.
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I question the entire premise of this piece, but I'm always interested in hearing what they've come up with before they call me.
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Some of my favorites: doing errands where you only have to make right-hand turns -- (Laughter) Being extremely judicious in microwave usage: it says three to three-and-a-half minutes on the package, we're totally getting in on the bottom side of that.
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And my personal favorite, which makes sense on some level, is to DVR your favorite shows so you can fast-forward through the commercials.
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That way, you save eight minutes every half hour, so in the course of two hours of watching TV, you find 32 minutes to exercise.
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(Laughter) Which is true.
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You know another way to find 32 minutes to exercise?
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Don't watch two hours of TV a day, right?
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(Laughter) Anyway, the idea is we'll save bits of time here and there, add it up, we will finally get to everything we want to do.
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But after studying how successful people spend their time and looking at their schedules hour by hour, I think this idea has it completely backward.
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We don't build the lives we want by saving time.
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We build the lives we want, and then time saves itself.
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Here's what I mean.
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I recently did a time diary project looking at 1,001 days in the lives of extremely busy women.
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They had demanding jobs, sometimes their own businesses, kids to care for, maybe parents to care for, community commitments -- busy, busy people.
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I had them keep track of their time for a week so I could add up how much they worked and slept, and I interviewed them about their strategies, for my book.
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One of the women whose time log I studied goes out on a Wednesday night for something.
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She comes home to find that her water heater has broken, and there is now water all over her basement.
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If you've ever had anything like this happen to you, you know it is a hugely damaging, frightening, sopping mess.
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So she's dealing with the immediate aftermath that night, next day she's got plumbers coming in, day after that, professional cleaning crew dealing with the ruined carpet.
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All this is being recorded on her time log.
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Winds up taking seven hours of her week.
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Seven hours.
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That's like finding an extra hour in the day.
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But I'm sure if you had asked her at the start of the week, "Could you find seven hours to train for a triathlon?" "Could you find seven hours to mentor seven worthy people?" I'm sure she would've said what most of us would've said, which is, "No -- can't you see how busy I am?" Yet when she had to find seven hours because there is water all over her basement, she found seven hours.
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And what this shows us is that time is highly elastic.
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We cannot make more time, but time will stretch to accommodate what we choose to put into it.
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And so the key to time management is treating our priorities as the equivalent of that broken water heater.
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To get at this, I like to use language from one of the busiest people I ever interviewed.
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By busy, I mean she was running a small business with 12 people on the payroll, she had six children in her spare time.
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I was getting in touch with her to set up an interview on how she "had it all" -- that phrase.
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I remember it was a Thursday morning, and she was not available to speak with me.
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Of course, right?
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But the reason she was unavailable to speak with me is that she was out for a hike, because it was a beautiful spring morning, and she wanted to go for a hike.
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So of course this makes me even more intrigued, and when I finally do catch up with her, she explains it like this.
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She says, "Listen Laura, everything I do, every minute I spend, is my choice." And rather than say, "I don't have time to do x, y or z," she'd say, "I don't do x, y or z because it's not a priority." "I don't have time," often means "It's not a priority." If you think about it, that's really more accurate language.
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I could tell you I don't have time to dust my blinds, but that's not true.
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If you offered to pay me $100,000 to dust my blinds, I would get to it pretty quickly.
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(Laughter) Since that is not going to happen, I can acknowledge this is not a matter of lacking time; it's that I don't want to do it.
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Using this language reminds us that time is a choice.
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And granted, there may be horrible consequences for making different choices, I will give you that.
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But we are smart people, and certainly over the long run, we have the power to fill our lives with the things that deserve to be there.
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So how do we do that?
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How do we treat our priorities as the equivalent of that broken water heater?
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Well, first we need to figure out what they are.
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I want to give you two strategies for thinking about this.
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The first, on the professional side: I'm sure many people coming up to the end of the year are giving or getting annual performance reviews.
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You look back over your successes over the year, your "opportunities for growth." And this serves its purpose, but I find it's more effective to do this looking forward.
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So I want you to pretend it's the end of next year.
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You're giving yourself a performance review, and it has been an absolutely amazing year for you professionally.
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What three to five things did you do that made it so amazing?
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So you can write next year's performance review now.
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And you can do this for your personal life, too.
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I'm sure many of you, like me, come December, get cards that contain these folded up sheets of colored paper, on which is written what is known as the family holiday letter.
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(Laughter) Bit of a wretched genre of literature, really, going on about how amazing everyone in the household is, or even more scintillating, how busy everyone in the household is.
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But these letters serve a purpose, which is that they tell your friends and family what you did in your personal life that mattered to you over the year.
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So this year's kind of done, but I want you to pretend it's the end of next year, and it has been an absolutely amazing year for you and the people you care about.
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What three to five things did you do that made it so amazing?
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So you can write next year's family holiday letter now.
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Don't send it.
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(Laughter) Please, don't send it.
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But you can write it.
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And now, between the performance review and the family holiday letter, we have a list of six to ten goals we can work on in the next year.
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And now we need to break these down into doable steps.
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So maybe you want to write a family history.
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First, you can read some other family histories, get a sense for the style.
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Then maybe think about the questions you want to ask your relatives, set up appointments to interview them.
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Or maybe you want to run a 5K.
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So you need to find a race and sign up, figure out a training plan, and dig those shoes out of the back of the closet.
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And then -- this is key -- we treat our priorities as the equivalent of that broken water heater, by putting them into our schedules first.
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We do this by thinking through our weeks before we are in them.
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I find a really good time to do this is Friday afternoons.
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Friday afternoon is what an economist might call a "low opportunity cost" time.
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Most of us are not sitting there on Friday afternoons saying, "I am excited to make progress toward my personal and professional priorities right now." (Laughter) But we are willing to think about what those should be.
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So take a little bit of time Friday afternoon, make yourself a three-category priority list: career, relationships, self.
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Making a three-category list reminds us that there should be something in all three categories.
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Career, we think about; relationships, self -- not so much.
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But anyway, just a short list, two to three items in each.
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Then look out over the whole of the next week, and see where you can plan them in.
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Where you plan them in is up to you.
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I know this is going to be more complicated for some people than others.
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I mean, some people's lives are just harder than others.
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It is not going to be easy to find time to take that poetry class if you are caring for multiple children on your own.
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I get that.
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And I don't want to minimize anyone's struggle.
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But I do think that the numbers I am about to tell you are empowering.
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There are 168 hours in a week.
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Twenty-four times seven is 168 hours.
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That is a lot of time.
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If you are working a full-time job, so 40 hours a week, sleeping eight hours a night, so 56 hours a week -- that leaves 72 hours for other things.
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That is a lot of time.
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You say you're working 50 hours a week, maybe a main job and a side hustle.
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Well, that leaves 62 hours for other things.
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You say you're working 60 hours.
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Well, that leaves 52 hours for other things.
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You say you're working more than 60 hours.
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Well, are you sure?
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(Laughter) There was once a study comparing people's estimated work weeks with time diaries.
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They found that people claiming 75-plus-hour work weeks were off by about 25 hours.
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(Laughter) You can guess in which direction, right?
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Anyway, in 168 hours a week, I think we can find time for what matters to you.
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If you want to spend more time with your kids, you want to study more for a test you're taking, you want to exercise for three hours and volunteer for two, you can.
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And that's even if you're working way more than full-time hours.
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So we have plenty of time, which is great, because guess what?
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We don't even need that much time to do amazing things.
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But when most of us have bits of time, what do we do?
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Pull out the phone, right?
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Start deleting emails.
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Otherwise, we're puttering around the house or watching TV.
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But small moments can have great power.
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You can use your bits of time for bits of joy.
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Maybe it's choosing to read something wonderful on the bus on the way to work.
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I know when I had a job that required two bus rides and a subway ride every morning, I used to go to the library on weekends to get stuff to read.
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It made the whole experience almost, almost, enjoyable.
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Breaks at work can be used for meditating or praying.
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If family dinner is out because of your crazy work schedule, maybe family breakfast could be a good substitute.
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It's about looking at the whole of one's time and seeing where the good stuff can go.
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I truly believe this.
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There is time.
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Even if we are busy, we have time for what matters.
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And when we focus on what matters, we can build the lives we want in the time we've got.
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Thank you. (Applause)
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この動画で話す練習をする理由
このTEDトークで、ローラ・ヴァンダーカムは時間管理について深い洞察を提供しています。英語スピーキング練習としてこの動画を選ぶ理由は、彼女の言葉が生活における重要な優先事項を認識させてくれるからです。彼女の明確な話し方や情熱的な表現を通じて、自分の意見を効果的に伝える方法を学ぶことができます。また、英語シャドーイングの演習としても最適です。このプロセスを通じて、どのようにフレーズを使いこなし、文脈に合わせた言葉を選ぶかを理解することができます。
文法と文脈における表現
このビデオでは、いくつかの重要な構文が使われています。以下に、特に注意が必要なフレーズを示します。
- “I don’t have time” - これは実際には「優先事項ではない」という意味になることが多いです。このフレーズを使うことで、考慮すべき優先順位について考えるきっかけになります。
- “Time is elastic” - 時間が弾力的であるという考え方は、どのようにして時間を調整するかについて重要な示唆を与えます。この表現は、時間の管理についての新たな視点を提供します。
- “Every minute I spend is my choice” - 自分の時間の使い方を選ぶことができるというメッセージは、自己管理の重要性を際立たせます。
共通の発音の罠
この動画では、いくつかの発音上のトラップがあります。特に注意が必要な単語は以下の通りです。
- “priority” - この単語は「プライオリティ」と発音されがちですが、正しくは「プライオリティ」と聞こえるように意識することが大切です。
- “elastic” - 発音が難しいかもしれませんが、「イラスティック」のように正確に発音することが求められます。
- “absence” - この単語も意識的に発音しないと、「アブセンス」と聞こえがちです。正確に「アブセンス」と発音することを心掛けましょう。
これらの発音やフレーズを練習することで、英語でコミュニケーションを取る自信を高めることができます。shadow speechやIELTS スピーキング対策にも役立つ内容です。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。