シャドーイング練習: How will AI impact the jobs market? | BBC News - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ

Research suggests that seven in ten workers are worried about their jobs and think AI will lead to widespread unemployment.

⏸ 一時停止中

再生速度:

338 文

文が短すぎたり長すぎる場合は、Editをタップして調整してください。

Research suggests that seven in ten workers are worried about their jobs and think AI will lead to widespread unemployment.

Are they right to be worried?

No, are they right to be worried?

Absolutely.

Are we going to start on that low?

Yes, I have to believe that we are going to see unemployment rising in the next two to three years.

Some sectors will see 20-30% unemployment's unheard of numbers really.

But that's not a challenge of AI.

That's a challenge of a choice of the capitalists who run businesses

that will choose to reduce costs by asking people to leave

rather than increase the overall intelligence of an organization by empowering people with AI and technology to make people do more.

But is it not unrealistic to expect companies not to use AI to save money

and improve the bottom line at the end of the day?

So the idea of saving money in itself is actually a very complex idea

because at an individual level every organization wants to save money

but if you if every organization in the UK

or anywhere in the world would save money by laying people off you're wiping out the consumption side of GDP

and when you do that what ends up happening is

that people will not have the purchasing power to even buy what you what you're making

because they won't have the income because they won't have the income and

so you know in a very interesting way in a very

individualistic level uh you know a company may benefit from laying off people

but at you know for the economy at large it's actually quite risky for the economy

so victor tell us about you then because you have a company that you basically,

tell me if I get this wrong,

you basically employ actors to let you use their face

and their voice I imagine to create training videos and that kind of thing.

So they give their consent,

but obviously that then means they don't have a job with you after that,

they've just got that one.

Job losses, are you as worried as Mo?

I think we'll definitely see displacement of jobs.

Does that mean losses?

I think it depends on the timeline that we're talking about.

I think if we look at a three,

five, ten year timeline, I think we will find things to do.

I think work will change.

I don't subscribe to the idea that businesses will just save costs.

I think on the contrary,

what we're seeing right now is that businesses will develop more products and humans will change what they do.

I think a lot of the busy work that we do today,

we can probably replace with AI.

But I tend to think that great companies today consist of great people.

And I think in five or ten years,

great companies will still consist of great people.

If you go back 50 years in time and you told everyone

that most people's job would be sitting at a desk and looking into a screen,

no one would believe you, right?

We've gone through this progression many times in history before and there will for sure be a disruption, I think.

But I'm very optimistic that humans will find ways to play status games.

We will do much more than we could before

and I think there will be a lot of new jobs in the future think

that when you look at what is most valuable in society it is generally what is the most scarce

and what's about to happen right now is

that what has been very scarce which is software development numerical jobs analytical jobs

that will be much easier to do with technology

and i think the value of human relations

and human connection is going to go up very very significantly

and the for a consumer to talk to a human

or business talk to a human i think that'll be much more valuable in a in a year or two.

Because it's not, I mean,

we end up talking to chatbots a lot, don't we?

I mean, so you think we're going to get less of that?

Because at the moment it feels like we're getting more of that.

I think we'll get more of that,

but I think the value of the human in the loop,

I think, will increase.

But it won't be responding to it if your package is on the way.

It will be something that's more valuable, more creative than that.

Okay, we've got a few hands up already.

Let's hear the man in the white T-shirt in the middle.

I'm hedging my bets personally,

purely because, you know, people like Sam Altman came out very recently in the past few days

and he did say predictions that he previously made around job losses and things.

he's kind of rolling back on them,

so it feels as though they're still...

We're clearly going through a massive period of change and there's lots of uncertainty,

but it feels as though,

you know, the ink isn't dry yet.

There's still kind of, like,

decisions to be made on where the future goes and whether there are as big a job losses,

as they say.

Well, as you know, when you come along,

be part of our audience,

we talk to you at some length about your experiences as well as your politics and everything else.

And there's a few people that I particularly wanted to talk to.

So Richard, Richard Gagin, you're here at the front.

So we're talking about job losses.

There's also been a report out today about young people not in education,

employment or training, quite how bad the job market is.

So what's your experience?

Yeah, so I just graduated like two weeks ago with a degree in computer science

and I've been specifically applying for kind of software engineering roles.

So, so far I'd say I've applied to over 150 positions and 150.

Yeah, I've got friends and I know people online applying for like hundreds of positions globally.

It's sort of because like these companies are using AI to replace software engineering, like entry-level roles.

It means that it's really hard and like really competitive to get these roles out of university.

And I feel like this is just going to keep going forward as these AI companies develop better

and better tools like so how does

100

that make you feel about your future job prospects i mean

101

obviously like i started back in 2022 i had like sort of no idea

102

that i mean none of us said

103

that this ai bubble would kind of boom um

104

so kind of software engineering say it's really like the primarily

105

primary career path people would take like coming out of a computer science degree

106

so now it feels like that career is sort of not safe at all

107

and in 20 years time i feel like even even like 10 years time,

108

I feel like it might not even exist at all.

109

So now I've got to feel like I've got to pivot and find something else.

110

So, Laura, how right are people to be worried about job losses?

111

I mean, I think it's a very reasonable thing to worry about.

112

We have seen, so the gentleman in the white shirt made a really good point.

113

There's a very big difference between predicting the future,

114

which we've got lots of data and evidence that show

115

that humans are really bad that and in fact that experts are worse than people that know nothing about it.

116

Well that's a bit of a story.

117

Yes, you have to be careful what you ask people,

118

future prediction is very tricky.

119

Well what about the question our audience is asking,

120

research suggests 7 or 10 workers are worried about their jobs,

121

are they right to be worried?

122

They are, so I think we have seen,

123

you know, without predicting the future,

124

a genuine collapse in the job market for the younger people

125

that isn't necessarily borne out for people further on in their careers.

126

I think there's been a 16% decline in entry-level jobs since ChatGPT came out,

127

not all necessarily because of that.

128

I think I saw 28% of graduate jobs sort of in the past year or so.

129

So you're looking at something that is currently a real problem.

130

And we have all these lovely predictions that say,

131

you know, by 2030, there'll be 170 million new jobs

132

and the loss of 92 million old jobs and that people need to transition.

133

So you've got Two problems,

134

is that right and all of these new jobs will be created?

135

And then secondly, do you keep the education system up

136

and do you have a place for these people who are caught in that transition point which is happening right now?

137

So I don't know the answer but I think yes,

138

it's a very reasonable thing to worry about.

139

Man there with a white shirt with the glasses, yeah.

140

I think on the new technology coming in,

141

a couple of examples I've come across.

142

The first one was when spreadsheets came out.

143

Initially, I think the suspicion was that accountants would go out of work.

144

But in fact, as opposed to the summing stuff,

145

they were able to add a great deal more value and there were more accountants.

146

And also, if you look at agriculture,

147

years ago, the whole base of the US used to be involved in the fields,

148

whereas now only 3 percentile,

149

but there's far more productivity,

150

which allows people to go and do different things.

151

So I think, ultimately, if we can use technology and,

152

you know, and then sort of develop ourselves,

153

we'll be better for it.

154

Okay, a woman there in the blue top.

155

Thank you.

156

I agree with what the panel said so far about kind of jobs,

157

and I'm aware that there will be some jobs that AI may take.

158

I think I'm concerned about the routine jobs

159

that AI will likely replace are what help us build the experience to be competent.

160

The sort of entry-level jobs.

161

Yeah, I use AI in my job,

162

but I'm able to critique it because I have the knowledge

163

and skills in the area that I'm trying to use it for.

164

If we fast forward 10 years

165

and a cohort of students have just got used to producing

166

things with AI without the competence to be able to critique it,

167

challenge it or anything like that,

168

they're not going to be able to use it properly.

169

Well, we've got some in the audience.

170

Charles, you're at the front here,

171

and you've got direct experience.

172

You run your own company,

173

I believe,

174

and you've been using AI to be able to reduce the workforce just tell us a bit about

175

that well we haven't reduced a lot

176

because at this stage we're experimenting with vast amounts of AI we see the technology capable to do

177

so much that we don't we can't fathom how far we can go with it

178

so we're in a phase of experimentation I would say over

179

90% of what we try doesn't really work yet we can

180

imagine in a few years it might some things can be immediately applied then it might reduce jobs now

181

that has happened and that's happened with you and that's happened with us

182

and it will continue to happen to everybody in the industry

183

because it's such an obvious use case

184

but it's very few today what we can't understand very well is how many new opportunities it will create

185

but we know there will be but it's hard for us to see them yet

186

so we're in an experimentation phase it's actually adding costs to

187

us today then reducing costs is a little bit of reduction and a lot of experimentation which is expensive.

188

The expectation is in the next two or three years those will yield new services or new opportunities.

189

How we exploit those is still nebulous.

190

But I think the point was made earlier,

191

we are very bad at predicting but we're very good at experimenting and that's the phase we're in now.

192

So Darren, one thing that struck me about what Mo had to say,

193

watch case we don't know what's coming exactly

194

but you've got job I mean there there are jobs being

195

laid off you've got standard chartered it's down 8,000 people BT predicts 55,000 fewer employees

196

when in the decade got Amazon already got rid of 14,000

197

it's got something like 16,000 more to come whether that's all AI

198

or not is not apparent it's any AI is being laid at the door of some

199

if not all of those and one thing that Mo mentioned was

200

if people aren't working who's going to be paying the taxes and paying for all the services that we use.

201

Now is this something you're even thinking about?

202

It is and it's deeply personal and political as well as an interest for government.

203

So as a Labour Party politician our kind of mission of sharing power,

204

wealth and opportunity amongst the many

205

and not the few is I would argue more relevant today than it was

206

when my party was created to represent the interest of workers at the start of the 20th century

207

and the reason I say that is

208

because the UK economy is around 80% services

209

and the service industry jobs are the ones

210

that are the most at risk of the large language models

211

and front of AI tools that are being developed

212

so the challenge for us as political leaders

213

and the challenge for all of us as a country

214

that relies on creating our wealth from the service industry is

215

how do we shape this technology in the interests of the British economy

216

and the British people as opposed to just allowing the market to rip through to take away jobs

217

and to extract wealth from the UK and send it predominantly to US big tech companies.

218

So what are you coming up with because Because,

219

I mean, there are so many unknowns in this particular topic,

220

but if, and this is happening at an exponential rate,

221

so you need to be thinking fast,

222

you need to be thinking now.

223

So, do you have any solutions?

224

The government is working on a whole range of issues.

225

One of them is around training and skill support.

226

So are we giving young people the skills and degrees

227

and technical training that's best suited to the modern economy coming out of the education system,

228

or do we need to work with those providers to make sure

229

that you're not having to go back and think a second time about what you might want to be educated.

230

But Darren, what about this bigger point that

231

if there are fewer people in work you're going to get fewer taxes paid

232

and you're going to have less of an income as a nation,

233

what are you going to do about that if that comes to pass?

234

That can't come to pass because the maths just doesn't add up for us as a country.

235

We're already an ageing population with fewer people paying tax in work and higher demand on public services,

236

so we've got to do two things.

237

We have to make sure we create wealth in the UK that is reinvested back into the UK,

238

but on public services we have to use things like AI

239

to make sure we can provide better services more efficiently at

240

a lower cost to achieve better outcomes for people who want to use them more.

241

So that's all things you want to do,

242

but I haven't heard how you're going to do it.

243

We're doing a number of these things already.

244

So on public services for example,

245

we are creating the technology so that you can log in and prove who you are

246

into the gov.uk app so

247

that we can help you get access to services more efficiently than being on the phone

248

or waiting for a letter to come through the post.

249

The big message here is that this can be a huge threat to the UK economy

250

and it's right that people worry about that,

251

but it can also be an enormous opportunity for Britain.

252

We've seized the benefits of industrial revolutions in the past.

253

We have huge strengths and assets here in the UK to be able to seize them again,

254

but you need political leaders you need business leaders working in partnership with us

255

and we need each and every worker in this country

256

and young person in this country to be given the skills

257

to step up into this national endeavor julia i completely understand why people would be worried

258

but as we've heard from the panel there's a real range of quite differing scenarios about how this plays out and that

259

and actually the early evidence is quite mixed on this the

260

gentleman in the audience talked about how he's applying ai

261

but actually not very clear yet how it's going to make a difference to his business

262

and actually a lot of companies which have been encouraged to

263

use ai to transform their internal systems are finding it's not giving them the productivity gains

264

that they had anticipated

265

and now the cost of tokens is going up then the

266

relative cost uh versus humans is actually a slightly different calculation now

267

and i think one of the obvious own goals from the government on this is

268

that it has made the employment of humans more expensive

269

and added a lot of regulation and complexity to that and

270

that has made it very difficult particularly

271

when it comes to young people people do not want to take the risk of employing a young person

272

and I think this is going to prove to be a real mistake not just from the government

273

but from companies themselves about not building that talent pipeline

274

but Julia in fairness and we've talks a lot on this program over many weeks

275

and months about the arguments going backwards towards whether the government putting increasing employers national insurance is a good

276

or a bad thing but just looking big picture for a minute

277

because in one sense there is a juggernaut coming our way

278

which is AI which could eradicate a lot of jobs

279

or might possibly create new ones we don't know

280

so what's happening now in terms of employers national say is

281

that not just tinkering around the edge in terms of the difference that is coming on.

282

I don't think so.

283

I think if you view it as a collective,

284

Fiona, if I'm in government,

285

you've got to give businesses the tools to win the race, right?

286

And labour is increasing the cost of employing people.

287

It's increasing the cost of energy so that these tech companies can't base themselves here.

288

It's creating regulatory uncertainty.

289

It's doing a very bad job at applying AI within government,

290

so the cost of government is increasing.

291

There have been 8,000 more civil servants under labour than previously.

292

They undone a lot of the great AI tools that Laura was building when she was in government.

293

So are you worried that lots of people are going to lose their jobs

294

and if so what do you what would you do about it?

295

I think any responsible politician has to be worried about that scenario.

296

And so what would you suggest doing about it?

297

Well I say I would give companies the tools to win to make sure

298

that they are growing as companies

299

and they are able to base themselves in this country that they are not looking at other countries, other jurisdictions.

300

You can't wish away this technology but you can try

301

and build a really strong ecosystem in this country

302

and i think on those basic fundamentals labor's getting a lot

303

of things wrong okay no you wanted to come in there

304

i think i i think that's spot on to be honest

305

the only answer you have is to keep growing the economy

306

in ways where more people will have jobs now ai just to answer the gentleman in in the white t-shirt

307

there is a very big difference between technology of the past

308

which was a tool we were building tools that people could use.

309

If you're a taxi driver and we give you a navigation system,

310

you may be able to do your job a little better.

311

You know, an AI which replaces that altogether,

312

a self-driving car will not even need the driver in the first place.

313

Having said that, we live in the era of augmented intelligence.

314

So we haven't yet gone to an era where AI can replace everything,

315

but it can make every single person smarter.

316

And I think the biggest challenge,

317

if we talk about the UK economy,

318

and I have no right to comment on that,

319

is that you're outsourcing AI to other economies instead of building stuff within your economy that can create more jobs.

320

You're basically giving it all away across the Atlantic to the other side,

321

and that's a massive, massive risk.

322

Okay, I'm going to, I want to move on.

323

Can I come back just very quickly on one of Julia's points?

324

Really quickly.

325

I would just say that making it easier to sack people

326

and not protect workers in this environment is the complete opposite of what we should be doing

327

so I'm very happy to defend our employment rights legislation

328

but I just say as well politically there was a whole list of things there we can agree

329

and disagree on actually political parties need to come together on this issue

330

because it is a big issue facing our country

331

and Britain will either rise or fall if we get this right

332

or wrong so we need to get beyond the traditional political bickering

333

and come together with the strategy to make it Darren and it's one that Tony Blair made of your government this week.

334

And it's important that we get it right.

335

We're getting the basics right.

336

Let me move on.

337

This is a huge topic.

338

I want to try and at least touch the sides of it.

TRENDING

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

☕ コーヒーをおごる

ShadowingEnglishは皆様の支援により完全無料を維持しています。サーバーやAIのコストは高額です。皆様のコーヒー一杯が私たちの支えになります！🙏

PayPalで寄付する

ShadowingEnglish.com – 英語シャドーイング練習

シャドーイング（Shadowing）でネイティブ英語を体に染み込ませよう。YouTube動画を一文ずつ聞いて声に出して繰り返し、本物の発音と流暢さを身につける。

シャドーイング練習: How will AI impact the jobs market? | BBC News - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ

人気動画

文脈と背景

日常会話のためのトップ5フレーズ

段階的シャドーイングガイド

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング練習: How will AI impact the jobs market? | BBC News - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ

アプリをダウンロード

文脈と背景

日常会話のためのトップ5フレーズ

段階的シャドーイングガイド

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由