シャドーイング練習: The Accidental Brilliance of Makeshift Signs | Kate Canales | TED - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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My name is Kate.
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My name is Kate.
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I am a designer.
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And my design superpower is noticing.
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I am pretty much always watching how people navigate the designed world.
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And one of the things that I notice a lot is stuff like this.
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[Use other door] (Laughter) For over 20 years, I have been taking photographs of signs that help us get around everyday situations.
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Places where, for whatever reason, we just need a little extra coaching.
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Signs like this.
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[Push then pull] (Laughter) And like this.
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[Broken] (Laughter) I really love this kind of sign a lot, where something is technically fully functioning the way it was designed, like this keypad, but it's not really usable without this extra layer of instruction.
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And I've come to see the makers of the signs as designers.
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They're coming in after the work of the original design team, to make it so that you can actually do the thing that you're trying to do, in this case, unlock a door.
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Sometimes these signs are kind of subtle.
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You just know what to do.
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(Laughter) Other times ...
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[This is a light switch] (Laughter) This sign is actually helping us think.
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We have been so trained to see red as danger.
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Thankfully, here, someone is letting us know it is just a light switch.
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I think of myself as almost like an anthropologist in the world of everyday instructions.
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I am obsessed.
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I have hundreds and hundreds of photographs like this.
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[Please use your finger to complete the transaction] You've all seen signs like this.
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You've probably seen them already today.
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Especially if you have paid for something.
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[Do not remove. Please insert or tap above] We have a very consistent issue -- [No chip] with point of sale machines.
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[Tap: hold card over screen] [Insert chip face down] (Laughter) [Flush this toilet twice. Srsly, at least twice.] We also, as a group ...
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(Laughter) Seem to really be struggling in the public bathroom.
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[Gently pull] An inexplicably large proportion of my photos were taken in a public bathroom.
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I could have done the entire talk using only public bathroom photos.
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[Close the lid before you flush Do not sit on the sink] And I find this bewildering.
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[Notice: Toilets and urinals flushed with reclaimed water] [Do not drink] Audience: Oh!
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Kate Canales: But also weirdly delightful.
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[Women] (Laughter) A place that we all use, every day, still requires so much guidance.
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[Please flush toilet after using it] [Hover hand here. Set cup here.] This machine fills cups with water.
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That's all it does.
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You would be forgiven for thinking it could do more, like send a fax or analyze a blood sample.
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It has been so overdesigned, so slicked out.
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Its function is not legible to us until someone made these signs.
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When I started taking these photographs, I really was on a mission to document examples of bad design, the way it frustrates and interferes.
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But I've become much more interested in preserving the signs as examples of ingenious human problem solving.
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[This is not a restroom. It is that other way] (Laughter) Not. Is not.
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(Laughter) When we arrive on the scene, the sign is already here.
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But I love to imagine what was happening before there was a sign.
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(Laughter) Visualize with me this scene before there was a sign.
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People are starting to congregate outside of this fourth-floor elevator that does not stop on the fourth floor.
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Until someone fixed it with a sign.
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[Pole is closer than you think. Caution!] Who hasn't?
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Who hasn't backed into something that was closer than they thought it was?
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A sign would have been helpful.
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[Sorry closed until we reopen!!] (Laughter) Now when you are solving problems for humans and you yourself are human, sometimes it can be hard.
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And I have several examples of how hard sometimes it is to get this right.
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[Please use the other door] Audience: Oh!
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(Laughter) [To lock, push Schlage button Turn to right (outside) Do not turn] KC: Sometimes you just don’t know which way to Schlage.
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(Laughter) I think we have all been on this airport elevator.
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Metaphorically.
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Where is the plane?
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(Laughter) [Sorry -- Temporarily out of service] Temporarily.
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This is not temporary.
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(Laughter) [Do not inventory mannequins] (Laughter) OK.
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[Champagne bottles only] (Laughter) Don't you love that there's someone out there who needs an entire recycling bin just for their champagne bottles?
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Good for them, good for them.
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The reality is that most of the signs in my collection are as simple as this.
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Downstairs, upstairs.
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It's almost invisible.
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The original design assignment here was not complex, but it still missed the mark.
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And I think a version of this is always going to be true, we're all out here, designing experiences for one another.
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Sometimes we nail it, sometimes it is terrible.
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Sometimes we need someone else to come in and put a layer over it.
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Make it OK.
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[Push. Push.] Walking through a door should be very intuitive, but doors are an area where we still need a ton of support.
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(Laughter) This is a reality that I actually find reassuring.
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These "push" signs with their little scotch tape borders, the very fact that there are two of them.
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(Laughter) This is so tender to me.
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This is so human.
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No matter how you may feel about the advancement of technology in our everyday lives, these signs are evidence that we still need each other out here in the real world, to do some very basic things.
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The person who came before us took the time to leave some instructions to make sure that our experience is a little bit better than theirs.
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And that is a sign of humanity that I am always happy to stumble upon.
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Thank you. [We are not responsible for accidents] (Cheers and applause)
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コンテキスト & 背景
ケイト・カナレスは、デザイナーであり、その特技は日常生活の中での「気づき」です。彼女は、設計された世界の中で人々がどのようにナビゲートするかを観察することに情熱を持っています。20年以上にわたり、日常的な状況をよりスムーズにするための看板の写真を撮り続けています。彼女のプレゼンテーションでは、ひょっとした理由で使いづらくなったデザインと、それを補助する上手な看板がいかに人々の問題解決に貢献しているかを語ります。
日常コミュニケーションのためのトップ5フレーズ
- 「このドアを使用してください。」 - ドアの使い方を指示するためのシンプルな表現です。
- 「プッシュした後に引いてください。」 - 正しい動作を促すための明確な指示です。
- 「このトイレは二回フラッシュしてください。」 - 具体的な行動を求めるフレーズ。
- 「こちらはトイレではありません。」 - 誤解を避けるための明確さが重要です。
- 「ここで手をかざしてください。」 - 動作を正確に説明する例です。
ステップバイステップ シャドウイングガイド
このビデオの内容を効果的に学ぶためのシャドウイングのアプローチを見ていきましょう。シャドウイングとは、あたかもその場にいるかのように話し手の後に続いて発音を真似ることです。この方法を使うことで、英語スピーキング練習や英語の発音を良くする手助けになります。
- 視聴: 初めにビデオ全体を視聴し、主なテーマとフレーズの流れを把握します。
- 分割: 動画を短いセクションに分け、各セクションを繰り返し視聴します。
- 発音: 各フレーズを発音し、自分の声を録音してみることで、フィードバックを得られるようにします。
- 実践: 何度もシャドウイングを行い、流暢さや自信を身につけることを目指します。
- 復習: 最後に、定期的にフレーズを復習し、IELTS スピーキング対策や日常会話での応用を意識します。
このプロセスを通じて、特定の表現や語彙を使った実践ができ、日常生活の中での英語スピーキング力を向上させることができます。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。