シャドーイング練習: The psychology of narcissism - W. Keith Campbell - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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The First Selfie Way before the first selfie,
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The First Selfie Way before the first selfie,
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the ancient Greeks and Romans had a myth about someone a little too obsessed with his own image.
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In one telling, Narcissus was a handsome guy wandering the world in search of someone to love.
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After rejecting a nymph named Echo,
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he caught a glimpse of his own reflection in a river and fell in love with it.
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Unable to tear himself away, Narcissus drowned.
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A flower marked the spot where he died,
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and we call that flower the Narcissus.
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The myth captures the basic idea of narcissism,
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elevated and sometimes detrimental self-involvement.
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But it's not just a personality type that shows up in advice columns.
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It's actually a set of traits classified and studied by psychologists.
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The psychological definition of narcissism Narcissism is an inflated, grandiose self-image.
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To varying degrees, narcissists think they're better looking,
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smarter, and more important than other people,
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and that they deserve special treatment.
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Psychologists recognize two forms of narcissism as a personality trait,
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grandiose and vulnerable narcissism.
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There's also narcissistic personality disorder,
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a more extreme form which we'll return to shortly.
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Grandiose narcissism is the most familiar kind,
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characterized by extroversion, dominance, and attention-seeking.
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Grandiose narcissists pursue attention and power,
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sometimes as politicians, celebrities, or cultural leaders.
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Of course, not everyone who pursues these positions of power is narcissistic.
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Many do it for very positive reasons,
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like reaching their full potential or helping make people's lives better.
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But narcissistic individuals seek power for the status and attention that goes with it.
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Meanwhile, vulnerable narcissists can be quiet and reserved.
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They have a strong sense of entitlement but are easily threatened or slighted.
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In either case, the dark side of narcissism shows up over the long term.
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Narcissists tend to act selfishly,
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so narcissistic leaders may make risky or unethical decisions,
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and narcissistic partners may be dishonest or unfaithful.
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When their rosy view of themselves is challenged,
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they can become resentful and aggressive.
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It's like a disease where the sufferers feel pretty good,
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but the people around them suffer.
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Taken to the extreme, this behavior is classified as a psychological disorder called narcissistic personality disorder.
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It affects 1 to 2% of the population, more commonly men.
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It is also a diagnosis reserved for adults.
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Young people, especially children, can be very self-centered,
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but this might just be a normal part of development.
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The fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual describe several traits associated with narcissistic personality disorder.
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They include a grandiose view of oneself,
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problems with empathy, a sense of entitlement,
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and a need for admiration or attention.
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What makes these traits a true personality disorder is that they take over people's lives and cause significant problems.
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Imagine that instead of caring for your spouse or children,
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you used them as a source of attention or admiration.
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Or imagine that instead of seeking constructive feedback about your performance,
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you instead told everyone who tried to help you that they were wrong.
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So what causes narcissism?
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Twin studies show a strong genetic component,
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although we don't know which genes are involved.
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But environment matters, too.
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Parents who put their child on a pedestal can foster grandiose narcissism,
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and cold, controlling parents can contribute to vulnerable narcissism.
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Narcissism also seems to be higher in cultures that value individuality and self-promotion.
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In the United States, for example,
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narcissism as a personality trait has been rising since the 1970s,
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when the communal focus of the 60s gave way to the self-esteem movement and a rise in materialism.
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Recently, social media has multiplied the possibilities for self-promotion.
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Though it's worth noting that there's no clear evidence that social media causes narcissism,
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rather, it provides narcissists a means to seek social status and attention.
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So can narcissists improve on those negative traits?
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Yes.
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Anything that promotes honest reflection on their own behavior and caring for others,
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like psychotherapy or practicing compassion towards others, can be helpful.
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The difficulty is, it can be challenging for people with narcissistic personality disorder to keep working at self-betterment.
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For a narcissist, self-reflection is hard from an unflattering angle.
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この動画でスピーキングを練習する理由
「ナルシシズムの心理学」という動画は、ナルシシズムの概念とその影響を深く探る内容です。この動画を使用して、英語スピーキング練習に取り組むことには多くの利点があります。まず、心理学的なテーマに基づいているため、興味を持ちやすく、話題が豊富です。ですので、自己表現や意見を形成する良い機会となります。また、ネイティブスピーカーの発音やリズムを真似ることで、shadow speakのスキルを磨くことができます。自分の声を録音してみることも効果的であり、改善点を発見する手助けとなるでしょう。
文法と表現の文脈
動画内には、ナルシシズムに関する重要な表現や文法構造が含まれています。以下は、その一部です：
- “Narcissus was a handsome guy wandering the world” - ここでの「was」は過去形であり、物語の語りに効果を与えています。
- “unable to tear himself away” - この表現は「自分を引き離せない」という意味で、感情の強さを表現しています。
- “narcissistic personality disorder” - 専門的な用語の使い方は、特定の概念を明確に伝えるのに役立ちます。
これらの表現を練習することで、shadowspeakの技術が向上し、より自然な英語を話す力を養うことができます。
一般的な発音の罠
動画には、特に発音しづらい単語やアクセントに注意が必要な部分があります。以下は、注意を要するトラップです：
- “narcissism” - この単語は音節が多いため、ゆっくりと正確に発音する練習が必要です。
- “grandiose” - アクセントが難しいですが、正しい発音は自信を持って話すために肝心です。
- “personality disorder” - このフレーズはリズムを強調する部分があり、自然な流れを作るために練習が必要です。
これらの言葉を�練習することで、自分の発音を改善し、shadow speechの効果をより実感できるでしょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。