シャドーイング練習: What Trump's victory means for the world - The Global Story podcast, BBC World Service - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
C1
Hello, I'm Lucy Hawkins.
359 文
文が短すぎたり長すぎる場合は、Editをタップして調整してください。
1
Hello, I'm Lucy Hawkins.
2
From the BBC World Service,
3
this is The Global Story.
4
Donald Trump is the winner in what could be the most consequential US presidential election in recent history.
5
His victory comes in the context of multiple ongoing conflicts around the world and persistent instability in major global economies.
6
International leaders are flocking to congratulate Mr Trump,
7
but how might their governments be reacting behind closed doors?
8
Today we're considering how the newly minted President-elect could make his presence felt in the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine
9
and the Middle East, in China, Europe and beyond.
10
With me today is our diplomatic correspondent James Landau.
11
Hi James.
12
Hi.
13
And what a result.
14
Came quicker than many thought it would.
15
It's a surprise for many,
16
but I know you've been speaking to diplomats around the world,
17
embassies and residences around the world this week,
18
and I wonder what you think the reaction is to this result.
19
I think inevitably there's going to be a sense of shock simply because when you've been listening to the broadcast,
20
listening to the pollsters, telling everybody it's knife edge,
21
you know, touch and go,
22
don't know which way it's going to go.
23
To have such a decisive result as this is clearly going to come as a surprise.
24
Do I think the victory of Donald Trump has come as a surprise?
25
No, I think everybody has been realistic enough to know that this has always been a very clear possibility.
26
And preparing for it.
27
Well, the question is, that's a really good point.
28
Have they been preparing for it?
29
I've spoken to a lot of European diplomats about this,
30
and they all say, yes,
31
no, we must prepare for it.
32
And then I say, well, what are you doing?
33
Well, we can't anticipate it because we'll be annoying the previous incumbent if you start making assumptions about elections.
34
And, you know, we have to leave it up to the Americans to make their own decisions.
35
I think there is genuinely a sense that certainly in the European diplomatic world
36
that not enough has been done to so-called Trump-proof Europe from this future presidency.
37
OK, we're going to get into Trump proofing foreign policy and take a whistle stop tour around the globe for this episode.
38
And the conflict that comes to mind straight away,
39
James, of course, is Ukraine as it continues to battle Russia's ongoing invasion.
40
Remind us what Donald Trump has said before about the war in Ukraine
41
and what he'll do to bring an end to it.
42
Well, the first thing I always say is there's quite often a gap between what Donald Trump says and what he does.
43
And sometimes what he says can be contradictory.
44
so it's not always a good predictor of what he actually intends to do because sometimes it's part of a negotiating ploy.
45
Sometimes it's just difficult to work out because,
46
as I say, the statements are contradictory.
47
However, he has made it pretty clear that he wants this war to end.
48
He wants to be part of the process of making that war end.
49
He's spoken of doing a deal.
50
He's spoken of making calls to both President Zelensky and to President Putin.
51
during this period now when he's president-elect,
52
i.e. before he actually enters the White House,
53
he wants there to be some kind of a deal.
54
There's an expectation that US support will diminish in the long term.
55
The question is, what is the pace of that while any kind of talk of a deal,
56
a peace settlement, comes into play?
57
Let's bring you the reaction from Kiev.
58
Here's our Ukraine correspondent, James Waterhouse.
59
It is hard to see what security guarantees Ukraine can get to secure its long-term future.
60
That's certainly the argument from here.
61
But President Zelensky has a knack of when there are political difficulties,
62
when the war isn't going his way and it hasn't been for some time.
63
He tries to leverage this into future assurances and commitments from his allies,
64
and it will be no different with Donald Trump.
65
Our Russia editor Steve Rosenberg is in Sochi with this assessment.
66
Well, it feels like the Kremlin is going out of its way to give the impression
67
that it's not excited at all by Donald Trump's victory.
68
A Kremlin spokesman, Dmitry Peskov,
69
said that, as far as he knows,
70
Vladimir Putin has no plans to congratulate Donald Trump.
71
He said America is an unfriendly country which is involved directly and indirectly in a war with Russia.
72
Can I ask you about the relationships in this picture
73
and what difference that might make? we've already had a response from President Zelensky.
74
How would you describe the relationship between President Trump and President Zelensky?
75
And can we learn anything from that reaction that we've had already?
76
There is a relationship.
77
I wouldn't say it's very close.
78
I wouldn't say it's terribly warm.
79
What was interesting, what President Zelensky has said in response to the victory of Mr. Trump is
80
that he spoke of the importance
81
and how much Ukraine relies on what he called a strong bipartisan support of the United States.
82
And he also sort of hinted that,
83
look, a powerful Ukrainian army could play a role in European security.
84
In other words, he essentially made the argument to Mr. Trump,
85
I need your support.
86
But you know what?
87
I can also give some of that support back.
88
I know you want Europe to step up more on its defence front.
89
I could potentially help with that.
90
That was the message he was sending.
91
But, you know, let's not beat about the Russia.
92
The Ukrainians are very, very concerned about the uncertainty,
93
what a Trump presidency would involve.
94
And one of the things they're concerned about,
95
surely, is the fact that President Trump has been very warm towards President Putin at times.
96
We know he's an admirer of Vladimir Putin.
97
And he said as such,
98
while standing shoulder to shoulder with Mr Zelensky when they did a little photo op in New York.
99
So we have a very good relationship,
100
and I also have a very good relationship,
101
as you know, with President Putin.
102
And I think if we win,
103
I think we're going to get it resolved very quickly very work.
104
I really think we're going to get it.
105
I think we have more good relations.
106
Oh, I see.
107
You know, Mr. Trump likes to do a deal.
108
He likes to trade.
109
He wants to do a deal,
110
but he doesn't want to be seen to be rolling over to the Kremlin's demands.
111
That is the crucial point.
112
That is absolutely the crucial point.
113
And that's why Mr. Putin's attitude is really crucial here.
114
Because if Vladimir Putin reaches the conclusion,
115
now is not the time for me to do a deal.
116
I'm making gains in the East.
117
And so the question is then, what happens then?
118
If Mr. Trump has put forward a deal and said,
119
let's bang heads together.
120
And the Russians say, no,
121
we'll just carry on fighting.
122
At that point, does Donald Trump say,
123
OK, I'm going to give some more long range missiles to the Ukrainians.
124
And you know what?
125
I'm going to let them deep fire into Russia as deep as they want to go,
126
far as they want to go.
127
Donald Trump does not fear escalation as much as Joe Biden and his national security adviser,
128
Jake Sullivan, do.
129
Is another worry for the Ukrainians,
130
not just President Trump in charge,
131
but also what's happening with Congress,
132
that actually, you know, they are making decisions on how much support to give Ukraine,
133
how much money to send Ukraine as well.
134
And we've seen a massive tilt back to the Republicans.
135
Yeah, I mean, that will be a strategic blockage in the long run
136
that will make it harder to get these things through.
137
It's likely during President Biden's lame duck period,
138
he will use every sort of legal presidential power he's got
139
outside of Congress to keep as much money flowing to Ukraine as he can.
140
But once President Trump takes office,
141
once the new Congress is established,
142
yes, I think you're absolutely right, it will get harder.
143
Because there is a mechanism,
144
isn't there, for President Biden to release $5 billion?
145
Yes, a chunk of funds.
146
You can do a chunk of funds.
147
The question for Europeans is what can and should we do to fill that gap left by the Americans?
148
We'll get on to Europe in a moment,
149
but let's turn to the other big conflict,
150
which is the Middle East.
151
Israel continuing its war with Hamas in Gaza, Hezbollah in Lebanon
152
and it remains unclear the extent to which direct engagement between Israel and Iran may continue to escalate as well, James.
153
But he's pretty popular in Israel, President Trump.
154
So, yeah, the Israelis are happy and not just the Netanyahu government.
155
I think, you know, Israelis in general thought
156
that they basically had a fairer crack of the whip under Donald Trump than they did in Joe Biden,
157
who they always saw as a sort of,
158
you know, an American who was always saying,
159
well, please don't do this and please don't do that.
160
The problem is this.
161
When Donald Trump was in power last time,
162
there was no war in the Middle East.
163
There is now.
164
The world has changed.
165
And so the question, the immediate question now is,
166
if in the next few weeks,
167
Benjamin Netanyahu says, right, I now want to target Iran's nuclear facilities,
168
something that the Biden administration has been very,
169
very firm about saying, no,
170
no, no, we are not going to support you in this.
171
But there's a real question now is,
172
will Donald Trump allow Israel a freer hand to fight the war in a way that it can't at the moment?
173
Lots of people say the Americans have not been restraining Israel enough,
174
but there has been some restraint.
175
Will that change under Donald Trump?
176
Or will he, as he as he has said,
177
be a peacemaker and say,
178
I don't want to get involved in other people's wars?
179
He might try and do both.
180
He might say to the Israelis,
181
I'm going to give you a free hand to complete it,
182
to finish it, to bring it to a close.
183
Our chief international correspondent, Lise Doucette,
184
is in Jerusalem, and she's been assessing the reaction of Israel's prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu.
185
It's significant that the Israeli prime minister,
186
Benjamin Netanyahu, has become one of the first foreign leaders to speak to Donald Trump.
187
And the Israeli readout of their conversation,
188
which was described as warm and cordial,
189
is said to have discussed Israel's security, including the Iranian threat.
190
Donald Trump has often urged Israel to,
191
in his words, finish the job.
192
We'll soon find out exactly what he means.
193
It remains to be seen,
194
too, how much leverage Donald Trump will have over Benjamin Netanyahu because no one else has had much so far.
195
Correct.
196
And with all these things,
197
any sense of personal slight,
198
any sense of being ignored,
199
suddenly the calculation can change.
200
Because with Mr. Trump, the lesson we learnt from his first term is personality is as important as policy.
201
James, what about the wider region?
202
They were pretty quick for Gulf states to come out and congratulate Donald Trump as well,
203
given what we saw with the Abraham Accords,
204
but also some of the things,
205
the relationship that they've been building up with the US.
206
Are they going to be happy
207
I think they will like the fact that Donald Trump will want to clearly step up pressure on Iran.
208
It's one thing that he's been quite vocal about in a relatively foreign policy free election campaign.
209
We know that Donald Trump has spoken about trying to sort of come up with the Abraham Accords Mark II.
210
In other words, the elusive deal between Saudi Arabia and Israel,
211
trying to normalise relations between those two countries.
212
Now, it's still seen a long way away from the fighting that we're engaged in now.
213
You know, you need to have some sort of peace settlement,
214
some kind of ceasefire, some kind of exchange, some kind of stabilisation.
215
Then you might just be able to get to a place where you can talk about broader political deals.
216
Time to look at China, James.
217
And we know that relations between the two countries,
218
they're not as bad as they were a couple of years ago.
219
They are still pretty icy,
220
though, and they could be set to change in a big way because of Donald Trump's approach to China,
221
particularly when it comes to what he considers to be the unfair trade relationship.
222
What do you think that could mean in terms of the U.S and its relationship with China?
223
OK, the first point is that there are already trade frictions between China and the United States,
224
and there would have been trade frictions too that would get deeper if Kamala Harris had been elected.
225
So this is a bipartisan thing.
226
So whatever Trump does would be a continuation of existing policy,
227
but with rocket boosters underneath it.
228
And by that primarily is his threat to impose 60% tariffs on Chinese goods entering the US market.
229
Now, if that's what he does,
230
the potential there is for a trade war.
231
And then the potential for a trade war that engulfs the global economy.
232
Many countries around the world,
233
if this happens, are going to have to make choices.
234
Do they go with the Chinese or do they go with the Americans on this?
235
because the Americans will put up a huge amount of pressure on all its allies to say,
236
we're doing this, you've got to do likewise.
237
In many ways, a lot of America's allies sort of had a holiday from this
238
because of the wars in Ukraine and the Middle East,
239
the run-up to this election.
240
Those pressures, the electoral pressure is now gone,
241
and I think it's going to make some tough choices.
242
And Laura Bicker in Beijing told us the latest on the relationship between China and the US.
243
Beijing will be bracing itself for the return of Donald Trump.
244
And for one reason will be trade.
245
And that is because during the last Trump presidency,
246
trade put tariffs on around $300 billion of Chinese goods.
247
And he's threatening to do so again.
248
And James, in terms of regional security,
249
do we know where President Trump sees the US and its relationship with Taiwan
250
and supporting Taiwan possible intervention if there was a conflict.
251
It's incredibly hard.
252
It's incredibly hard to know that.
253
That is in part because the Americans don't want us to know.
254
They want there to be some strategic ambiguity over this.
255
But also, we don't know whether or not Donald Trump actually will live up to his word of saying,
256
I'm not going to start new wars.
257
He loves to be the man who ends forever wars.
258
but equally is he somebody who's going to give up all US leadership in the world?
259
That's the really interesting question,
260
which is one that I don't think the Make America Great protectionism
261
and introspection of the first term ever really had to answer that question.
262
You mentioned Donald Trump and his way of thinking about America's place in the world.
263
When it comes to their more traditional allies,
264
particularly here in Europe, It looks very different in Europe now than it did when he was president before.
265
When you think about the rise of some of the more right-leaning parties in European countries,
266
Emmanuel Macron is the only major,
267
I think, surviving world leader.
268
How do you think he's going to deal with this new Europe?
269
He will try and deal with Europe,
270
as he did before, on a bilateral basis, on a transactional basis.
271
He will try and peel everybody off so he can do separate trade.
272
deals as much as he can.
273
It's very hard within the European Union.
274
And I think that he will continue to put more pressure on the Europeans to spend more on their own defense.
275
And there'll be usual rumbles threatening NATO.
276
I think the really interesting question is this,
277
is the Trump presidency going to be the wake-up call that Europe has been needing,
278
a catalyst that essentially gets the Europeans to say,
279
you know what, we've got to get off the pot and make some tough decisions about our own defence.
280
What about economic growth in Europe?
281
Is now the moment where Europe says, actually, you know what?
282
In the face of this economic threat,
283
if we are going to stay alive,
284
We have to agree a new plan to make Europe more competitive.
285
And thirdly, what about China?
286
Europe is divided about China at the moment.
287
Does the election of Trump change that thinking?
288
Does it wake people up in Europe?
289
Because at the moment, as I said at the beginning,
290
there's a lot of people who haven't really prepared for this.
291
You briefly mentioned the fact that he's always angry that Europe's not paying its fair share when it comes to defence,
292
and also that constant threat when he was last president that he would withdraw the US from NATO.
293
Does he have more leverage this time around on those two things?
294
I mean, do you think that NATO,
295
the threat to withdraw from NATO,
296
he could make good on?
297
Or could he encourage countries and successfully make them pay for more?
298
Look, I think his driving force here is not some sort of ideological hatred of NATO or anything like that.
299
It's just this sense that America is being taken for granted,
300
that the Europeans are free riders.
301
If the Europeans, as they have done,
302
can address that by increasing their defence expenditure,
303
which, you know, the numbers are creeping up.
304
At the moment, every NATO member state has to spend 2% of their national wealth on defence.
305
I think that target's going to have to go up.
306
I think that's going to have to go up to 2.5%, maybe even 3%.
307
Countries like Poland are already meeting that target,
308
and so we'll be fine.
309
The UK would be stretched.
310
A lot of other countries in the south of Europe would really struggle to do that.
311
A lot of people think he's an isolationist,
312
America First obviously being his sort of main platform.
313
But do you actually imagine
314
that America is going to retreat from its role as the world's leader on some of these big issues?
315
When we also know that Donald Trump likes a deal.
316
He likes to be seen to be making a deal.
317
He said to people he wouldn't mind winning the Nobel Peace Prize.
318
He has an ego.
319
maybe he is the one to close the deal on things like Ukraine and the Middle East.
320
The optimistic view is that,
321
yes, he's a disruptor, he's a changemaker,
322
he will generate fresh thinking on issues.
323
It might be on Ukraine,
324
it might be on the Middle East.
325
And that therefore, instead of a sort of slow,
326
gradual continuation of not quite giving enough support to Ukraine,
327
not quite constraining Israel enough under the previous regime, that could change things.
328
My own inclination is, you know,
329
he will engage in things in the world where they matter to his voters at home.
330
But the point is this,
331
is the world has already noticed that U.S influence is declining.
332
Countries around the world are forming more ad hoc relationships,
333
partnerships, occasionally alliances with other countries around the world.
334
And I think that Donald Trump will be quite happy for that to happen if it's nothing to do with him.
335
But could his tactics possibly work?
336
I mean, I have this great quote from him.
337
I don't want them to know what I'm doing.
338
He's talking about his allies, his adversaries, whoever.
339
Part of my value is the perception by adversaries and allies that I am unpredictable.
340
I mean, does he have this sort of huge strategic advantage that he just doesn't behave like anyone else I've negotiated with?
341
That is an advantage that means that,
342
you know,
343
Mr. Putin will find it probably harder to work out what Donald Trump will do than he will with Joe Biden.
344
Joe Biden has 40, 50 years worth of foreign policy baggage that allows you to know roughly where he's going to go,
345
less so with Donald Trump.
346
And I think that sense of uncertainty is useful in certain moments.
347
But it's not a strategic advantage.
348
If you are seen as a leader who will change his or her mind because of pressure,
349
because of changing circumstances, because of what a tweet you've seen,
350
then in that case, they will rely on that unpredictability unpredictability.
351
And if you can base your assumption on that,
352
then you can use that as a strategic gain when you're trying to negotiate with him or play him.
353
We know what is predictable about Donald Trump is that he's transactional,
354
he's bilateral, and he can be capricious.
355
But what is unpredictable is the immediate decision-making processes that sometimes can go in unexpected places.
356
It is going to be an interesting four years.
357
It's going to be all right.
358
James, thank you so much.
359
Thank you very much.
アプリをダウンロード
話したすべての文をAIが採点
TRENDING
人気動画
この動画で話す練習をする理由は？
動画「What Trump's victory means for the world」では、ドナルド・トランプの勝利が国際関係や多くの紛争に与える影響について議論されています。このような実際の会話を通して、英語のスピーキングを実践することができます。この動画を使って「YouTubeで英語学習」や「英語スピーキング練習」を行うことで、特に政治や国際問題に関連する語彙やフレーズを習得できます。また、ナチュラルな会話の流れを聞くことで、リスニング力も向上します。
文法と表現の文脈
- have been listening to - 現在完了進行形を使用して、過去から今までの動作を表現しています。この構文は、話題の重要性を示す際に役立ちます。
- there is going to be - 未来についての予測をするための表現です。トランプの勝利についての驚きを伝える際に効果的です。
- seems that - あることが起こる可能性を示す表現で、他の状況との関連性を述べるのに便利です。
- it's not always a good predictor - 何かを予測することが常に正しいとは限らないという表現です。このような文法構造は、議論を展開する際に非常に役立ちます。
- has been realistic enough to know - 現在完了形を利用し、過去の状況を考慮して現在の見解を述べる際に効果的です。
共通の発音の罠
この動画では、いくつかの難しい発音が散見されます。たとえば、「decisive」や「surprise」のように、ストレスの場所がよく混乱を招きます。また「predictor」という単語は、子音の連結部分がトリッキーです。これらの単語を繰り返し「shadow speech」として練習することで、発音を改善し、流暢に話す力を高めることができます。さらに、話者のアクセントを注意深く聞くことで、実際の会話でのイントネーションやリズムに慣れることができます。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。