シャドーイング練習: Why can't we stop eating certain foods? - BBC - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Even if they want to cut down,
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Even if they want to cut down,
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even if they know it's killing them,
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they find they can't stop.
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My name's Chris Van Tiliken.
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I'm an NHS doctor.
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I'm a scientist.
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And I'm part of a growing group of doctors
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and academics who are increasingly worried about the effect that the global food system is having on all of us.
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When it comes to obesity,
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the way that we've understood the problem is it's a failure of willpower.
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People are just making bad choices.
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They're somewhat lazy.
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It's basically their fault.
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This is American government data for men and women of all different ages,
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the different lines of different ages, for obesity.
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What you see is, between 1960 and 1975,
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there's a fairly steady percentage of obesity in the population.
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But in the mid-1970s, obesity starts going up in all of the groups simultaneously.
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Now, if you're saying willpower is responsible,
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what you're proposing is that all of these groups of people simultaneously lost moral responsibility,
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and that's not plausible.
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Something else happened to our food in the mid-1970s to make it irresistible to people.
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My name's John Ruff, and I've spent 40 years in the food industry across seven different countries.
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Companies spend a lot of time optimising all aspects of their product,
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the flavour, the taste, the texture.
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People want their product to be as good,
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if not better, than the competitor,
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so it will sell more.
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We use trained sensory panels to give us ratings.
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Is it squishy?
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Is it hard?
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Is it soft?
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Is it crunchy?
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That's very much how the food industry operates.
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One thing many people don't realise is that factory processing changes the textual properties of food.
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An interesting fact about soft food is you're not chewing it as much.
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That actually short-circuits the normal satiety mechanisms that you would have if you were actually chewing food properly.
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So you're bypassing a normal mechanism that tells you you're full.
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Once you've worked out that playing around with the texture of a food,
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making it softer, tricks that normal satiety or fullness mechanism,
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clearly there's an opportunity there for some kind of scurrilous behaviour in making food softer
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so that people will eat more and therefore you sell more of your product.
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So much of the packaged food that we eat is incredibly soft.
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My kids love these.
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You don't typically think of this as being a soft food because it's a bit crunchy,
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but actually after that initial crunch,
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But actually after that initial crunch you can just crush it with your tongue, right?
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It's got no resistance at all But in terms of the calories per gram,
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it's got way more calories than even a very fatty burger
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So the softness and the energy density mean
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that you consume it incredibly quickly
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And there's a food industry term for these very light puffy foods
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that melt in the mouth It's called vanishing caloric density Gone
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The thing that makes us eat a lot isn't just what we do to the food.
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It's also about logos, marketing,
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branding, the box the food comes in.
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Eating is a multi-sensory experience.
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There's the look of the food,
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there's the smell of the food,
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there's the feeling of the food on your fingers.
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Even the sound of food matters.
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When you open a fizzy soda, you've got two noises.
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You've got the click and the tear.
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Sound engineers and manufacturers work really hard to get that sound just That's right,
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and that's sonic branding.
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Many companies have asked me to work on sonic branding for them,
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and I think I can mention when I was working with Kellogg,
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they said, ooh, what's sonic branding?
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And I said, you invented this.
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Most people will remember as children the experience of lifting a ball to their ear.
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What are they listening for?
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Snap, Crackle and Pop.
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That's Sonic branding at its best, and that's the original.
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There's a lot of competition out there,
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and food companies make their money by the amount of products we consume from them.
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So there's a stomach share that they're fighting for,
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and there are hours in the day in between breakfast, lunch and dinner.
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What happens between those hours?
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They want us to snack.
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You wake up, and this is what you have.
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Snack number one.
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Breakfast shake, ultra-processed.
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This is heavily marketed for you to have on the go.
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Do not sit down.
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Do not take time to crunch through something.
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Snack number two of the day.
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It's empty calories.
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Energy-dense, nutrient-poor.
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Midday, you're starting to get a little bit peckish,
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and what do you have?
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Veggie straws.
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This is a good example of a health-claim snacking product.
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Whereas before we would have had food,
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actual food, now we are marketed into believing that this is actually a healthy replacement.
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Some snacking products have now been made to be linked with being physically active.
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So after the gym, I have a high protein,
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low sugar bar, instead of having a healthier option.
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You finish having dinner and you have these snacks that are sold to you as more to share,
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where, in fact, you can just finish them watching the TV by yourself.
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I do like them.
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I cannot stop eating them. And I literally can't.
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Oh, my God.
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I think one of the biggest problems with this kind of food is
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that so many of us struggle to stop eating it.
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Hi, everyone.
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I'm so thrilled to be here today to speak with you on my research
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that looks at parallels between addictive substances and ultra-processed food.
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When we look at the sorts of foods that trigger those key diagnostic indicators of addiction,
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it's really clear what it's not.
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It's not minimally processed foods like fruits or vegetables or beans or lean meats like chicken breast.
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It's really processed foods.
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It's chocolate.
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It's ice cream.
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It's pizza.
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It's foods that don't exist in nature.
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The potency and the reward power of these ultra-processed foods can trigger an addictive response
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that leads them to consume these in such a compulsive way that even if they want to cut down,
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even if they know it's killing them,
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they find they can't stop.
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Imagine you're trying to cut down an ultra-processed food or avoid it altogether.
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For a start, it might be the only food you can afford,
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and that is true for millions of people.
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But it's everywhere.
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And it's engineered and then marketed by some of the smartest people on earth to be irresistible.
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So if someone is watching this and they are struggling with their weight,
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with diet-related disease, I just want to reach out and grab them and go,
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reach out and grab them and go,
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this is not your fault,
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it is not you, it is the food.
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The Food and Drink Federation declined our request for an interview but provided this statement.
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Food and drink manufacturers take the issue of obesity
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and poor diets very seriously and we know we have a key role to play in helping people to eat balanced diets.
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Our members continue to invest hundreds of millions of pounds in creating healthier products for shoppers.
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As a result, UK shopping baskets now contain significantly less salt,
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sugar and calories than they did a decade ago.
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Companies are also working to raise the fibre,
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fruit and vegetable content of their products.
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It's of course up to government if they want to introduce new taxes or warning labels.
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However, taxes will push up the cost of food and could disincentivise ongoing investment in healthier products.
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We think there are more effective ways to encourage positive dietary change. On labelling,
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we believe the UK's traffic light system is a more positive way of nudging consumers towards healthier choices than warning labels,
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where global evidence suggests the longer-term impact is limited.
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However, we would support a labelling review,
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including to test whether consistent positive labelling on all healthier products would help consumers.
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The government's Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition had said there's insufficient
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scientific evidence on the concept of ultra-processed foods for it to be used for dietary guidance or policymaking,
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and that further research is needed.
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If research comes to light that processing is a cause for concern,
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the food industry will act quickly to change their ingredients or processes.
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このレッスンについて
このレッスンでは、食品の選択に対する心理的な影響と、その結果としての食べ過ぎの現象について学びます。ビデオでは、食品業界がどのようにして我々を惹きつける製品を製造しているかや、肥満問題の根本にある社会的要因について掘り下げます。発話練習を通じて、英語の表現力と自信を高めることを目的としています。
重要な語彙とフレーズ
- 肥満 - Obesity
- 意志力 - Willpower
- 食料システム - Food system
- 加工食品 - Processed food
- 満腹感 - Satiety
- テクスチャー - Texture
- エネルギー密度 - Energy density
- 習慣化 - Habit formation
練習のコツ
このビデオの内容を効果的に活用するためには、shadowspeak技術を用いて、発話の練習を行いましょう。特に、ビデオのリズムやトーンに合わせて、影のように声を模倣することが重要です。以下のステップを参考にしてください：
- 繰り返し練習：ビデオを数回視聴し、重要なフレーズや単語を繰り返すことで、自然なイントネーションを身につけましょう。
- スピード調整：最初はゆっくりとしたスピードで話す部分を選び、次第に速い部分にも挑戦してみてください。これにより、IELTS スピーキング対策にも役立ちます。
- 自分の声を録音：自分の発音やリズムを確認するために、練習中の声を録音し、後で聞き返すことで改善点を見つけましょう。
- 詳細な理解：内容を理解した上で声に出すことで、発話に自信を持たせることができます。
このような練習を通じて、英語のスピーキングスキルを向上させることができ、会話がより自然になるでしょう。自分のペースで楽しみながら、shadow speechの技術を磨いていきましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。