シャドーイング練習: Why do we cry? The three types of tears - Alex Gendler - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Our story is about a girl named Iris.
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Our story is about a girl named Iris.
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Iris is very sensitive.
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(Bird cawing) So much that she is always in tears.
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She cries when she's sad, when she's happy, (Godzilla roars) and even tears up when things just get to her.
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She has special lacrimal glands to make new tears and special tubes, called lacrimal puncta, to drain old ones away.
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And she cries so much that she goes through ten ounces of tears per day, thirty gallons a year!
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In fact, if you look closely, you'll see that she's crying a little bit all the time.
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The basal tears that Iris constantly produces form a thin coating of three layers that cover her and keep dirt and debris away.
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Right next to Iris is the mucus layer, which keeps the whole thing fastened to her.
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On top of it is the aqueous layer, which keeps Iris hydrated, repels invasive bacteria, and protects her skin, or cornea, from damage.
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And, finally, there is the lipid layer, an oily outer film that keeps the surface smooth for Iris to see through, and prevents the other layers from evaporating.
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Normally, Iris goes about her day without really noticing the basal tears doing their thing.
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That's kind of their whole point.
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But one day, she meets a girl named Onion.
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Iris is immediately smitten.
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Onion looks gorgeous in her bright purple jacket, and she smells terrific.
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So, Iris invites Onion to her house for dinner.
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But when she comes in and takes off her jacket, something terrible happens.
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You see, when Onion's jacket is removed, a chemical reaction happens, converting the sulfoxides that make her smell so great into sulfenic acid, which then becomes a nasty substance with a long name: syn-Propanethial S-oxide.
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The gas stings Iris, and suddenly, she can't help it, she starts weeping uncontrollably.
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These reflex tears are different from the basal tears that Iris is used to.
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Because they're designed to wash away harmful substances, or particles, they're released in much larger amounts, and their aqueous layer contains more antibodies to stop any microorganisms that may be trying to get in, as well.
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Both Iris and Onion are devastated.
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They know they can't continue their relationship if Iris is going to hurt and cry every time Onion takes off her jacket.
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So, they decide to break up.
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As Onion walks out the door, Iris stops crying.
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And immediately starts again.
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Only now, she's not crying reflex tears but emotional tears.
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When someone is either too sad or too happy, it feels like a loss of control, which can be dangerous.
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So, emotional tears are sent in to stabilize the mood as quickly as possible, along with other physical reactions, such as an increased heart rate and slower breathing.
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But scientists still aren't sure exactly how or why the tears themselves are helpful.
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They may be a social mechanism to elicit sympathy or show submission.
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But some studies have also found that emotional tears contain higher levels of stress hormones, such as ACTH and enkephalin, an endorphin and natural pain killer.
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In this case, emotional tears are also directly calming Iris down, as well as signaling her emotional state to others.
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Sorry things didn't work out with Onion, Iris, but don't worry.
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As long as you have all three kinds of tears working to keep you balanced and healthy, it will get better.
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You'll see.
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このレッスンについて
このレッスンでは、アレックス・ゲンドラーの動画「なぜ私たちは泣くのか？」から、涙の種類に関する物語を通じて英語のリスニングとスピーキングを練習します。特に、感情的な涙、反射的な涙、そして基底涙の3つのタイプについて学び、それぞれの涙がどのように私たちの身体や感情に影響を与えるのかを探ります。あなたは、涙に関する重要な語彙やフレーズを通じて、日常会話で使える表現を強化します。
重要な語彙とフレーズ
- 涙 (tears)
- 情緒的な (emotional)
- 反射的な (reflexive)
- 基底の (basal)
- 感情 (emotion)
- 化学反応 (chemical reaction)
- ホルモン (hormone)
- 痛み緩和剤 (pain killer)
練習のヒント
この動画では、アレックス・ゲンドラーが感情豊かに語りかけるスタイルが特徴です。shadowingを行うときは、彼のリズムに注目し、イントネーションや感情表現をしっかりと模倣しましょう。最初はスピードを落とし、各フレーズを繰り返すことで、発音や流暢さを上げることができます。また、IELTS スピーキング対策に役立つように、特に情緒的な表現や反応を強調することで、あなたのスピーキングの幅を広げることができます。YouTubeで英語学習をする際、適切な声のトーンや強弱を学ぶことで、より自然な会話ができるようになります。毎日一定時間、自分の声を録音してチェックすることも効果的です。この動画を使ったフレーズの練習を通じて、英語スピーキング練習を深めてみてください。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。