シャドーイング練習: You Don't Find Happiness, You Create It | Katarina Blom | TEDxGöteborg - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Reviewer Gopaljean Reviewer What is the video we would like to do?
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Hello, everyone.
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I would like us to begin with a short exercise.
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So can everybody place their hands like this?
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Reach out your hands.
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Thank you and I will count to three.
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And when I say three,
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I want you to clap your hands, okay?
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One, two, three.
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So, I did this to show you that we don't always do as other people tell us to do.
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We'd rather do as other people do.
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And this is important when it comes to creating well-being in ourselves and in others.
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I'm a psychologist, and I train organizations,
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teams, and individuals in creating happiness and well-being.
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And a couple of years back,
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I co-authored a book on the science of happiness.
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But when the book was published,
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I was actually in the middle of a life crisis.
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I'd just broken up with a person who I thought I'd spend my life with,
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I had no place to live, and no job.
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And I think this is a very common human experience.
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We all face problems.
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We end up in crisis sometimes, and we struggle.
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But at the same time,
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I think most of us,
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we long for that other kind of life that entails meaning and connection and happiness.
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But it's kind of difficult to live this life,
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to always be there in this happy place.
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And today I want to show you why your brain is not always on your side when it comes to creating happiness,
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but also what we can do to counter this.
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And it's not going to be by just positive thinking.
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This takes positive action, because happiness is a skill we all can train and work on.
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I want us to start here,
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How it's not just about positive thinking.
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So let's begin with this.
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Have you ever found yourself in a situation where you're really worried about something,
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and you kept worrying even though you knew that worrying won't change the situation or help the situation in any way,
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and nevertheless you just kept on worrying, hands up.
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Right?
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We're all doing this.
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And if we could have total mind power and just switch over to these happy thoughts,
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we'd just have done that and get on with our lives.
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But that doesn't really happen, does it?
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And did you know that about half of the time that you've been listening to this speech,
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your mind has probably been wandering off, thinking about other things.
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According to a study by Daniel Gilbert and Matthew Killingsworth,
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our minds wander 46.9% of the time we spend awake.
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So our thoughts are automatic,
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they have a life of their own.
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And to create happiness by just controlled positive thinking,
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I think it's hard, if not even possible, impossible.
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And I think it's time that we start talking more about this.
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How can we take positive action,
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actually making the change in our lives?
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Because if I would ask you to keep your focus on your breath,
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don't think about anything else for five minutes,
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I doubt that anyone in this room would be able to do that.
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But if I would ask you to please raise your hand like this for five minutes,
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I think we all would be better able to achieve this.
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So it's really difficult to control our thoughts,
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and we have a better chance at controlling our actions, our behavior.
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Therefore, well-being is better built by positive action, and not positive thinking.
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Also, we tend to look at ourselves as if we're these objective,
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rational beings that perceive situations in this objective manner,
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and we process information almost like a computer.
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I just take information in.
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But in reality, we're far from objective.
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And that's actually a good thing.
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Because if we would truly be able to process and perceive reality in all its nuanced complexity,
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we would be rather lost.
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It would be an overwhelming experience.
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So therefore, our brain has evolved several cognitive biases that helps us categorize and prioritize and sort information,
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making it more easy for us to navigate.
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But these cognitive biases, this sorting and prioritizing,
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is really affecting how we perceive life,
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how we perceive different situations.
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And I'd like us to explore this further in a little thought experiment.
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So I invite you all to think back at the last time
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that you had an evaluative conversation with your boss or manager.
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And I'm quite sure that you got to hear a lot of good things,
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things like how you contribute to the workplace.
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But I'm also quite sure that you got to hear something that you can improve with yourself,
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with your performance.
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And once you leave this conversation,
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what do you think that your brain thinks is the most prioritized information?
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All the things that you do really good or the one thing that you should be improving?
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Well, if you're somewhat like me,
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it would definitely be the latter.
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And this doesn't really have anything to do with how my brain works.
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This is actually a pattern that's been shown among people.
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For example, Therese Amabile is a professor at Harvard Business School.
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She did a diary study where she got to read people's diaries to explore how they experience everyday life.
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and she saw a pattern that the negative effect of a setback
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was more than twice as strong as the positive effect of a success.
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And the same thing goes with money,
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that we feel way worse about losing an amount of money than we feel happy about gaining the same amount.
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And if you would receive a compliment from a co-worker and then a complaint from another co-worker,
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these two comments don't neutralize each other.
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The complaint would definitely leave a stronger emotional mark.
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So now we need to ask ourselves why?
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Why do we carry this emotional asymmetry?
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Why do we have this preparedness to experience unpleasant and negative emotions?
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And to understand that, we need to understand the context,
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the environment where our brain has been evolving for so many years.
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Today, several studies say that we have evolved a negativity bias,
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which helps our attention to be drawn to unpleasant or possibly threatening information.
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And this was really good back then and there,
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when we were at the savannah,
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fighting for survival every day.
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But today, here and now,
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this definitely affects how we perceive our life,
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how we perceive our relations,
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our workplace, our own performance, and ourselves.
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So to simplify this a bit,
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One could almost say that your brain is concerned that you survive throughout this day.
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It's less concerned that you're a happy survivor.
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So by now we can understand that it's not strange that all of us sometimes feel anxious or tense or we worry.
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In one sense, we were built for this.
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But most of us, we long for this other kind of life with the meaning and the connection and the happiness.
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And I'm not sure that we can have one thing without the other,
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but there are definitely things and ways how we can cultivate happiness and build well-being.
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But this comes with good news and bad.
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The good news is that happiness is not something you find outside of yourself,
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and it's not something you have or don't have.
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It's a skill that we all can work on.
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But the problem is that we just don't do it.
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And this definitely applies for myself.
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This is the worst part of having written a book on happiness,
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because whenever I'm having a bad day,
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there's always someone who can go like,
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haven't you read your own book, Katerina?
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You should know better.
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So I've learned that not even experts on happiness know how to turn knowledge into action.
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And this is one of the reasons why me and a friend,
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we started a psychological gym where organizations and teams and individuals could come and train these skills
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in order to create more happiness and well-being.
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Because we want to make psychological training as common as physical training.
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Because today we know so many things about how to eat properly and how to exercise to sustain physical health.
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But what would be the psychological version of a green smoothie or of doing 50 sit-ups?
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Is there really such a thing?
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And I would say yes, definitely.
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There's a lot of different exercises and things we can do building healthy habits for ourselves.
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And I would like to present an example of this.
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So once you've finished listening to this speech,
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when you're leaving this room later tonight,
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I'd like you to bring out your smartphone and text a kind,
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appreciative gratitude text to someone that you care for.
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And maybe you can just notice how that feels.
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And this is a good example of an exercise that I often do with leaders and teams teams.
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And just a couple of weeks back,
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I did this at a two-day leadership conference.
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And later, I found out that one of the participants had texted his wife,
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writing, I love you very, very, very much.
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Which made the wife think,
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what are you doing at that leadership conference?
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And just texting one person at one time,
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time won't change the world in any way.
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But turning this into a healthy habit over time can have a large impact.
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And to dedicate this habit to caring for your relationships might be one of the most powerful actions
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that you can take when it comes to happiness.
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So this might be the green smoothie that you've all been waiting for.
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According to several studies, having functioning relationships is as important,
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if not even more important,
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as exercising well and having a good diet.
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And this can even help us live longer.
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In a study from Harvard University,
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which began already back in 1938,
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researchers followed over 700 people to understand what it is that makes us flourish as people.
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So they followed these participants for decades and in 2012 the results came.
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The researchers found that happiness doesn't come from wealth,
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it doesn't come from fame or working hard, it comes from relationships.
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and it's not about the number of friends that you have
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or whether or not you're in a committed relationship with a partner
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they found that it's the quality of the relationship that counts being able to be vulnerable
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listening and sharing what's close to your heart that's what matters and by now Now,
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we know that forming good,
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healthy habits when it comes to physical training or having a good diet,
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it takes dedication, it takes commitment.
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And I think we should approach psychological habits in the same way,
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and especially when it comes to relationships.
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So, by now, we know that the brain has this tendency to highlight the negative,
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and that this is really tricky to revoke just by positive thinking.
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It takes positive action.
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But some actions are more powerful than others when it comes to happiness.
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And investing your time and heart into the relationships around you,
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you, no matter if it's at work or with neighbors or with family or friends,
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this might be one of the most powerful things that you can do for yourself.
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And I'd like us to do this one more time.
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So can everyone reach out their hands?
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And I'm going to count to three.
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And When I say three,
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I want you to clap your hands.
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Okay?
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One, two, three!
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Yay!
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Great!
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So, we learn by watching others' behavior.
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You've just seen me do this two times,
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and already so many people change their behavior.
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So the more you can turn this talk into action by being more understanding and caring,
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not just towards others, but also towards yourself,
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I think that others will follow your example and do as you do.
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And the people outside of this building,
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they won't know what just happened,
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they won't know what changed,
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but we know that it was here,
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in this talk, that everything started.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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コンテキストと背景
このTEDxトークは、心理学者のカタリーナ・ブロムによるもので、人々が幸福を見つけるのではなく、作り出す方法について述べています。ブロムは、組織や個人の幸福とウェルビーイングを創造するためのトレーニングを行っており、彼女自身の生活危機も経験しています。彼女の話は、幸福と意味のある人生を求める現代人の共通の悩みを反映しています。
日常コミュニケーションのためのトップ5フレーズ
- 「心配していても、状況は変わらない。」 - 物事を心配することの無意味さを認識する。
- 「私たちの脳は、時に私たちの味方ではない。」 - 心理的な挑戦についての理解を深める。
- 「幸福はスキルであり、トレーニングが可能。」 - 行動を通じて幸福を高めることができることを示す。
- 「ポジティブな考え方だけでは不十分。」 - 実行可能な行動が必要であることを示唆する。
- 「67%の時間、私たちの考えは他のことに漂流している。」 - 自分の思考を意識する重要性。
ステップバイステップ・シャドーイングガイド
このビデオの内容を通して、英語スピーキングを向上させるためのシャドーイング練習を行う方法を以下に示します。この練習は、英語シャドーイングやshadowspeaksを利用して効果的に行えます。
- 音声を聞く: 最初にビデオを何回か観て、内容を理解しましょう。特にブロムのメッセージを掴むことが大切です。
- 繰り返し練習: 小さなフレーズを繰り返し、発音やイントネーションを注意深く観察します。
- リアルタイムで追う: 再生を一時停止せずに、彼女の発言に合わせて声を出してみましょう。この過程で、お互いの距離感を掴みます。
- 録音して確認: 自分の発音を録音し、元のスピーチと比べてみることで、改善点を把握します。
- 感情を込める: 単に言葉を発するのではなく、内容の感情を意識して、より表現力豊かに話す練習をします。
この練習を続けることで、IELTS スピーキング対策にも役立つ、スムーズで自信のある英語スピーキングが実現できるでしょう。ぜひ、shadowing siteを活用して、ご自身のペースで学び続けてください。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。