쉐도잉 연습: A simple guide to chaos theory - BBC World Service - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기

C1
Imagine, the year is 1905.
⏸ 일시 정지
47 문장
문장이 너무 짧거나 길면 Edit를 눌러 조정하세요.
1
Imagine, the year is 1905.
2
One day, the clock on the tower in Berne, Switzerland, is a little late.
3
Two minutes late, to be more precise.
4
For that reason, a man who lives near the tower does not wake up at the same time that he usually wakes up to go to work.
5
Realising the mistake, he becomes a little nervous.
6
It takes him a little longer to get dressed, drink some coffee and leave the house.
7
He leaves five minutes later than usual. He is about to cross the street.
8
Meanwhile, a banker gets into his new car without knowing that it has a problem with the brakes.
9
Our man crosses the street and doesn't see the car.
10
The man is run over and dies.
11
This man is no less than Albert Einstein.
12
That year Einstein should have published four works that would become the basis of modern physics.
13
Innovations like GPS, TV screens, the semiconductors that allowed us to create laptops, never happen.
14
The computer, the laptop, the mobile you are watching this video on never come into existence.
15
And this video... doesn't exist either.
16
This sequence of events is an example of what is known as the butterfly effect, a manifestation of Chaos Theory.
17
For many centuries, the world was explained through the laws of Isaac Newton and classical physics.
18
According to these laws, if the current state of an object is known, its future behaviour can be predicted with relative ease.
19
Chaos Theory questions this deterministic vision: not everything is predictable anymore, nor does it work like clockwork.
20
Since the 1800s, mathematicians have raised the idea that not all phenomena could be predicted by Newtonian laws.
21
But a meteorologist named Edward Lorenz made chaos theory a visible phenomenon.
22
It all started in 1961 when he was working on a mathematical model to forecast the weather.
23
Lorenz entered data such as temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind direction into his computer.
24
His computer would draw a graph modelling what the weather would be like, not always accurate, but very close to reality.
25
One morning, Lorenz decided to verify some results.
26
He stopped the computer, to save time, entered the numbers himself, and went to grab a coffee.
27
When he returned, the chart was incredibly different from the original.
28
At the beginning it started out pretty similar, but in the middle it presented a completely different trajectory.
29
Surprised, he checked the numbers.
30
He found that the number he had entered was three tenths less than the number used by the computer.
31
That difference, which altered the trajectory so much, is equivalent to a particle of dust on the Eiffel Tower, or one less feather in the weight of a duck.
32
Lorenz deduced that this experiment was not a special case, that there were other systems in which tiny differences produced, over time, monumental changes, making everything seem unpredictable... that the flapping of a butterfly in Brazil could, in theory, cause enough of a disturbance to spark a tornado in Texas.
33
Even though we have a good idea of how the universe works, there are no measurements that allow us to determine the exact position and speed of every atom in the universe.
34
And this "inaccuracy" in our calculations makes predictions difficult, one of the reasons why long-term prediction is impossible.
35
But chaos is not the same as disorder.
36
Although chaos makes predictions difficult, the universe is not random and effects still follow causes.
37
And no matter how chaotic it may seem, a system always follows a trajectory towards a certain point.
38
For example, in the calculations Lorenz used for his model, the trajectory created a pattern that resembled the wings of a butterfly.
39
Understanding these patterns of chaos has practical applications.
40
In the stock market it reminds us that a slight fluctuation can cause a crisis in the market - and that is why we cannot speak of predictions but of probabilities.
41
In the human body, it allows us to understand the chaotic behaviour of a heart with cardiac arrhythmia.
42
Even in human behaviour, the butterfly effect can be used to analyse social phenomena. For example, how trolling on social networks can be triggered by a single negative comment.
43
Our universe continues to obey the laws of cause and effect.
44
The sun will continue to rise every morning.
45
The planes we build will keep flying.
46
Ultimately, chaos theory introduces an element of uncertainty into our reading of the Universe.
47
It reveals the limit of our knowledge.

앱 다운로드

당신이 말하는 모든 문장을 AI가 채점

스캔하여 다운로드
스캔하여 다운로드
Download on theApp Store
Get it onGoogle Play
TRENDING

인기 동영상

이 수업에 대하여

이번 수업에서는 혼돈 이론(Chaos Theory)에 관한 BBC의 설명을 통해 언어 표현력과 듣기 능력을 향상시킬 수 있습니다. 이 이론은 작은 변화가 어떻게 큰 결과를 초래할 수 있는지를 설명하며, 여러분은 이러한 개념을 영어로 이해하고 발표하는 연습을 하게 됩니다. 특히, shadow speech 기술을 활용하여 발음과 유창성을 개선할 수 있는 기회를 제공합니다. IELTS 스피킹 시험 준비에 도움이 되는 실질적인 표현들을 익히며, 영어 발음 교정 또한 이루어질 것입니다.

핵심 어휘 및 구문

  • 혼돈 이론 (Chaos Theory)
  • 나비 효과 (Butterfly Effect)
  • 확률 (Probability)
  • 예측 (Prediction)
  • 원인과 결과 (Cause and Effect)
  • 불확실성 (Uncertainty)
  • 패턴 (Pattern)
  • 동작 (Trajectory)

연습 팁

이 비디오의 내용을 효과적으로 이해하고 내재화하기 위해, shadow speak 기법을 활용하세요. 비디오 속도에 맞춰 천천히 따라 말하면서 제시된 개념들을 머릿속에 떠올려보세요. 예를 들어, 나비 효과에 대한 설명을 들을 때 그 내용이 어떤 방식으로 삶에 적용될 수 있는지를 생각해 보세요. 비디오의 리듬과 억양에 맞춰 발음을 연습하면 영어 발음 교정에도 효과적입니다. 발음이 부자연스럽게 느껴질 경우, 잠시 멈추고 여러 번 반복한 후 자연스럽게 따라 해보세요. 이러한 방식은 여러분의 영어 유창성을 높이고, IELTS 스피킹 자격 시험에서의 자신감을 향상시킬 것입니다. 마지막으로, 서로 다른 리듬과 억양을 분석하여 자신의 발음을 조정하는 것도 도움이 됩니다. 다양한 어휘와 표현을 포함하여 듣기 및 말하기 능력을 절대적으로 개선할 수 있습니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

☕ 커피 한 잔 사주기