쉐도잉 연습: E.O. Wilson: Advice to young scientists - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기
C2
Reviewer Gopalco
186 문장
문장이 너무 짧거나 길면 Edit를 눌러 조정하세요.
1
Reviewer Gopalco
2
What I'm going to do is to just give a few notes,
3
and this is from a book I'm preparing called Letters to a Young Scientist.
4
And I thought it'd be appropriate to present it on the basis
5
that I have had extensive experience in teaching counseling sciences across the broad array of fields.
6
And you might like to hear some of the principles that I've developed in doing that teaching and counseling.
7
So let me begin by urging you,
8
particularly you on the youngster side,
9
on this path you've chosen to go as far as you can.
10
The world needs you badly.
11
Humanity is now fully into the techno-scientific age.
12
There's going to be no turning back.
13
Although varying among disciplines, say astrophysics,
14
molecular genetics, to immunology, to microbiology,
15
to public health, to the new area of the human body of the symbiont,
16
to public health, environmental science,
17
Knowledge in medical science and science overall is doubling every 15 to 20 years.
18
Technology is increasing at a comparable rate.
19
Between them, the two already pervade,
20
as most of you here seated realize,
21
every dimension of human life.
22
So swift is the velocity of the techno-scientific revolution,
23
so startling in its countless twists and turns that no one can predict its outcome,
24
even a decade from the present moment.
25
There'll come a time, of course,
26
when the exponential growth of discovery and knowledge,
27
which actually began in the 1600s,
28
has to peak and level off,
29
but that's not going to matter to you.
30
The revolution is going to continue for at least several more decades.
31
It'll render the human condition radically different from what it is today.
32
Traditional fields of study are going to continue to grow and in so doing,
33
inevitably they will meet and create new disciplines.
34
In time, all of science will come to be a continuum of description and explanation of networks of principles and laws.
35
That's why you need not just be training in one specialty,
36
but also acquire breadth in other fields related to and even distant from your own initial choice.
37
Keep your your eyes lifted and your head turning.
38
The thirst for knowledge is in our genes.
39
It was put there by our distant ancestors who spread across the world and it's never going to be quenched.
40
To understand
41
and use it sanely as a part of the civilization yet
42
to evolve requires a vastly larger population of scientifically trained people like you In education,
43
medicine, law, diplomacy, government, business,
44
and the media that exists today,
45
our political leaders need at least a modest degree of scientific literacy,
46
which most badly lack today.
47
No applause, please.
48
It will be better for all if they prepared before entering office rather than learning on the job.
49
Therefore, you will do well to act on the side,
50
no matter how far into the laboratory you may go to serve as teachers during the span of your career.
51
I'll now proceed quickly and before else to a subject
52
that is both a vital asset and a potential barrier to a scientific career.
53
If you are a bit short in mathematical skills, don't worry.
54
Many of the most successful scientists at work today are mathematically semi-literate.
55
A metaphor will serve here,
56
where elite mathematicians and statisticians and theorists often serve as architects in the expanding realm of science.
57
The remaining large majority of basic applied scientists,
58
including a large portion of those who could be said to be of the first rank,
59
are the ones who map the terrain,
60
they scout the frontiers, they cut the pathways,
61
they raised the buildings along the way.
62
Some may have considered me foolhardy,
63
but it's been my habit to brush aside the fear of mathematics when talking to candidate scientists.
64
During 41 years of teaching biology at Harvard,
65
I watched sadly as bright students turned away from the possibility of a scientific career
66
or even from taking non-required courses in in science because they were afraid of failure.
67
These math phobes deprived science and medicine of immeasurable amounts of badly needed talent.
68
Here's how to relax your anxieties if you have them.
69
Understand that mathematics is a language ruled like other verbal languages,
70
unlike verbal languages generally, by its own grammar and system of logic.
71
Any person with average quantitative intelligence who learns to read and write mathematics at an elementary level will,
72
as in verbal languages, have little difficulty picking up most of the fundamentals
73
if they choose to master the math speak of most disciplines of science.
74
The longer you wait to become at least semi-literate,
75
the harder language of mathematics will be to master,
76
just as again in any verbal language,
77
but it can be done as in any age,
78
I speak as an authority on that subject because I'm an extreme case.
79
I didn't take algebra until my freshman year at the University of Alabama.
80
They didn't teach it before then.
81
I finally got around to calculus as a 32-year-old tenured professor
82
at Harvard where I sat uncomfortably in classes with undergraduate students little more than half my age.
83
A couple of them were students in a course I was giving on evolutionary biology.
84
I swallowed my pride and I learned calculus.
85
I found out that in science and all its applications,
86
what is crucial is not that technical ability,
87
but it is imagination and all of its applications.
88
The ability to form concepts with images of entities and processes pictured by intuition.
89
I found out that advances in science rarely come upstream.
90
From an ability to stand on a blackboard and conjure images from unfolding mathematical proposition and equations,
91
they are instead the products of downstream imagination leading to hard work during
92
which mathematical reasoning may or may not prove to be relevant.
93
Ideas emerge when a part of the real or imagined world is studied for its own sake.
94
The foremost important is a thorough,
95
well-organized knowledge
96
of all that is known of the relevant entities and processes that might be involved in that domain you propose to enter.
97
When something new is discovered as logical,
98
then one of the follow-up steps is to find the mathematical and statistical methods to move its analysis forward.
99
If that step proves too difficult,
100
The person or team that made the discovery,
101
a mathematician can then be added by them as a collaborator.
102
Consider the following principle, which I will modestly call Wilson's principle number one.
103
It is far easier for scientists,
104
including medical researchers, to acquire needed collaboration in mathematics
105
and statistics than it is for mathematicians and statisticians to find scientists able to make use of their equations.
106
It's important in choosing the direction you take in science is to find the subject of your level,
107
at your level of competence that interests you deeply and focus on that.
108
Keep in mind then, Wilson's second principle.
109
For every scientist, whether researcher,
110
technician, teacher, manager, or businessman,
111
working at any level of mathematical competence,
112
there exists a discipline in science or medicine for which that level is enough to achieve excellence.
113
Now, I'm going to offer,
114
quickly, several more principles that will be useful in organizing your education,
115
a career or if you're teaching,
116
to how you might enhance your own teaching and counseling of young scientists.
117
In selecting a subject in which to conduct original research or to develop world-class expertise,
118
take a part of the chosen discipline that is sparsely inhabited.
119
Judge opportunity by how few other students and researchers are on hand.
120
This is not to de-emphasize the essential requirement of broad training or the value of apprenticing yourself
121
in ongoing research to programs of high quality.
122
It is important also to acquire older mentors within these successful programs
123
and to make friends and colleagues of your age for mutual support.
124
But through it all, look for a way to break out,
125
to find the field and subject not yet popular.
126
We have seen this demonstrated already in the talks preceding mine.
127
There is the quickest way advances are likely to occur as measured in discoveries per investigator per year.
128
You may have heard the military dictum for the gathering of armies.
129
March to the sound of the guns.
130
In science, the exact opposite is the case.
131
March away from the sound of the guns.
132
So, Wilson's principle number three,
133
march away from the sound of the gun,
134
observe from a distance, but do not join the fray.
135
Make a fray of your own.
136
Once you have settled on a specialty and a profession you can love,
137
and you've secured opportunity, your potential to succeed will be greatly enhanced if you study it enough to become an expert.
138
There are thousands of professionally delimited subjects sprinkled through physics and chemistry to biology and medicine,
139
and on then into the social sciences where it is possible in short time to acquire the status of an authority.
140
When the subject is still very thinly populated,
141
you can with diligence and hard work become the world authority.
142
The world needs this kind of expertise,
143
and it rewards the kind of people willing to acquire it.
144
The existing information and what you self-discover may at first seem skimpy and difficult to connect to other bodies of knowledge.
145
Well, if that's the case, good.
146
Why hard instead of easy?
147
The answer deserves to be stated as principle number four.
148
In the attempt to make scientific discoveries,
149
every problem is an opportunity,
150
and the more difficult the problem,
151
the greater will be the importance of its solution.
152
Now this brings me to a basic categorization in the way scientific discoveries are made.
153
Scientists, pure mathematicians among them,
154
follow one or the other of two pathways.
155
First, through early discoveries, a problem is identified,
156
and a solution is sought.
157
The problem may be relatively small,
158
for example, Where exactly in a cruise ship does the norovirus begin to spread?
159
Or larger, what's the role of dark matter in the expansion of the universe?
160
As the answer is sought,
161
other phenomena are typically discovered and other questions are asked.
162
This first of the two strategies is like a hunter exploring a forest in search of a particular quarry,
163
who finds other quarries along the way.
164
The second strategy of research is to study a subject broadly,
165
searching for unknown phenomena or patterns of known phenomena,
166
like a hunter in what we call the naturalist trance.
167
The researcher mind is open to anything interesting, any quarry worth taking.
168
The search is not for the solution of the problem,
169
but for problems themselves worth solving.
170
The two strategies of research,
171
original research, can be stated as follows in the final principle I'm going to offer you.
172
For every problem in a given discipline of science,
173
there exists a species or entity or phenomenon ideal for its solution.
174
And conversely, for every species or other entity or phenomenon,
175
there exist important problems for the solution of which those particular objects of research are ideally suited.
176
Find out what they are.
177
You'll find your own way to discover, to learn, to teach.
178
The decades ahead will see dramatic advances in disease,
179
prevention, general health, the quality of life.
180
All of humanity depends on the knowledge and practice of the medicine and the science behind it you will master.
181
You have chosen a calling that will come in steps to give you satisfaction at its conclusion of a life well lived,
182
and I thank you for having me here tonight.
183
Oh, thank you.
184
Thank you very much.
185
I see you too.
186
you
앱 다운로드
당신이 말하는 모든 문장을 AI가 채점
TRENDING
인기 동영상
왜 이 비디오로 말하기 연습을 해야 할까요?
이 비디오는 인간적이고 과학적인 조언을 통해 젊은 과학자들에게 영감을 주는 내용을 담고 있습니다. E.O. Wilson의 강연은 발표 및 토론의 맥락 속에서 대화하는 방법을 익히기에 좋은 자료입니다. 과학자들의 사고방식과 지식을 나누는 과정 속에서 영어 회화 연습을 통해 자신감을 키울 수 있습니다. 이러한 맥락에서 영어 쉐도잉을 활용하면 말하기 능력을 높이는 동시에 어휘력과 문법을 강화할 수 있습니다. 특히, 과학과 기술의 발전에 대한 Wilson의 통찰은 다양한 주제로 대화할 기회를 제공합니다.
문맥 속 문법 및 표현
Wilson의 강연에서 몇 가지 중요한 문장 구조를 분석해 보겠습니다:
- “The world needs you badly.” - 이 문장은 강한 어조로 중요성과 필요성을 강조하는 표현입니다.
- “Although varying among disciplines...” - 이 구조는 명확한 비교를 통해 다양한 분야에서의 차이를 설명하는 데 사용됩니다.
- “Knowledge in medical science and science overall is doubling every 15 to 20 years.” - 이 문장은 연구와 발견의 속도를 강조하는 데 효과적입니다. 지속적인 발전을 말할 때 유용합니다.
이러한 표현들은 영어 발음 교정과 다양한 문맥을 이해하는 데 필수적입니다. Shadow speak 기법을 사용해 각 문장을 반복하면 유창성을 높일 수 있습니다.
일반적인 발음 함정
비디오에서 찾을 수 있는 몇 가지 어려운 발음과 억양을 살펴보겠습니다:
- “techno-scientific” - 이 단어는 빠른 발음으로 인해 쉽게 놓칠 수 있습니다. 반복적으로 발음 연습을 통해 정확성을 높이는 것이 중요합니다.
- “knowledge” - 이 단어는 발음이 혼란스러울 수 있으며, 음절을 분리해 연습하면 도움이 됩니다.
- “principles and laws” - 이 두 표현은 연결 발음 연습에 유용하며, 억양을 조절하면서 눈에 띄는 실수를 피할 수 있습니다.
영어 회화 연습을 할 때 이런 발음 함정에 주의하여 연습하면 발음이 더욱 정확해지고 자연스러운 대화 능력을 키울 수 있습니다. 비디오를 시청한 후, 녹음하고 자신의 발음을 들어보는 것도 좋은 방법입니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.
☕ 커피 한 잔 사주기
ShadowingEnglish는 여러분의 지원 덕분에 100% 무료로 운영됩니다. 서버 및 AI 유지 비용이 많이 듭니다. 여러분의 커피 한 잔이 큰 힘이 됩니다! ��