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6 Minute Grammar from bbclearningenglish.com Hello and welcome to 6 Minute Grammar with me, Catherine.
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6 Minute Grammar from bbclearningenglish.com Hello and welcome to 6 Minute Grammar with me, Catherine.
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And me, Finn.
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Hello.
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In this programme, we're talking about present tenses.
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Now, let's get started.
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The first thing we need to know is that the present simple tense is mainly for facts,
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habits and truths.
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Now, Catherine, give me a true fact about you.
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A true fact about me is that I like gardening.
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Oh wow!
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Yeah.
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Love it.
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Thanks Catherine.
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And can you tell me one of your habits?
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I drink a cup of coffee every morning.
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I drink one at home and I drink another one when I get to work.
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So far, so good.
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We make the present simple with a subject and base verb and we add S to the verb for he,
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she and it.
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So, I work, you work,
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he works, she works and so on.
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We make questions and negatives with do or does.
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So Catherine, do you take milk in your coffee?
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I do take milk in my coffee.
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Finn, do you take milk in your coffee?
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I don't.
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I like it black.
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And what about Mrs Finn?
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Does she take milk in her coffee?
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She doesn't drink coffee.
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Oh, what does she drink?
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Tea.
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All the time.
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Very British.
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Yes.
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So that's present simple for facts and habits.
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Now, when we're talking about activities,
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temporary situations and things that are happening now or around now,
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we use am, is or are plus an ing verb to make the present continuous.
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So, Finn, what are you doing now?
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Now, right now, right at this minute,
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I'm sitting in the studio on a chair talking to you.
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But off and on, I'm also reading a novel called The Unconsoled by Kazuo Ishiguro.
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Ooh.
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That's great.
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Well pronounced.
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Thank you.
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And are you reading anything right now, Catherine?
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Yes, I am.
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I'm reading a novel also.
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It's a comedy about Adrian Mole and it's really good.
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I'm enjoying it a lot.
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Sounds great.
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I'd like to borrow it.
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You can.
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We can also use the present continuous for future arrangements.
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And so, Finn, what are you doing tonight?
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Tonight I'm taking my wife to dinner.
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Don't tell her.
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Oh, lucky wife.
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That's right.
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So, present simple for facts and habits,
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present continuous for activities and future arrangements.
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And now for the present perfect.
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We make it with have or has plus a past participle.
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It connects the past to the present and it's useful for asking about life experiences.
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So life experience question coming, Finn.
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Have you ever eaten insects?
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I have, yes.
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I've eaten ants and beetles in Cambodia.
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So in the question, the word ever means at any time in your life.
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Never means at no time in your life.
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So Catherine, tell us about an experience that you have never had.
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Well, I've never eaten insects, Finn.
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OK.
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And I've never been on safari.
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OK.
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But I'm sure that our colleague Rob has been on safari.
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He's been to many places.
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He has.
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Yes.
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Other words we can use with present perfect are just, already and yet.
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We use just already and yet a lot
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when we're using the present perfect tense to talk about the present effect of a past event.
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Already means something has happened, perhaps earlier than expected.
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So, Finn, give us an example of already.
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Right.
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I've already had breakfast today. And coffee?
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Have you had coffee?
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I've just had a cup of coffee.
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Just means recently.
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And I haven't had lunch yet.
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I should think not, it's only half ten.
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It's a bit early for lunch, yeah.
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And yet means something like not until now.
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Good.
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And if a past situation has continued until now,
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use for or since to say how long it's continued, like this.
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I've lived in London for five years.
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I've been married since 2003.
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And we also use the present perfect to give news,
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things that happened a short time ago and are important now.
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So, have you got any news for us, Catherine?
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Yes, I have actually.
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OK.
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I've won the lottery!
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I don't believe you.
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I have.
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That's because I'm not telling the truth.
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It's just an example.
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OK.
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You're listening to OK.
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And we're talking about present tenses.
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And it's quiz time.
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Question one.
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Which of these sentences best describes a habit?
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a I have smoked 20 cigarettes a day.
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b I smoke 20 cigarettes a day.
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And the answer is b I smoke 20 cigarettes a day.
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Question two.
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Is this sentence grammatically correct or wrong?
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Humans have not visited the planet Mars yet,
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but they have already been to the moon.
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It's correct.
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It is.
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Now, last one.
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Which sentence is correct?
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a Catherine has never eaten insects.
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b Catherine never eats insects.
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or c Catherine is never eating insects.
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And the answer is that both A and B are correct.
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Aha.
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Aha.
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As a life experience, it's true to say
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that I have never eaten insects and as a fact I can say I never eat insects.
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So, that brings us to the end of the quiz and well done to you if you got them all right.
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A free insect for everyone who got all of those right.
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Now there's more about this on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.
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Join us again for more 6 Minute Grammar.
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Bye.
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Bye.

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왜 이 동영상으로 말하기 연습을 해야 할까요?

이 영상은 현재 시제를 이해하고 사용하는 데 도움을 주며, 실제 대화에서의 맥락을 제공합니다. 영어 회화 연습을 통해 자연스러운 대화 능력을 향상시키고자 하는 학습자들에게 굉장히 유용한 자료입니다. 특히, 동영상 속 대화에서 쓰이는 문장 구조와 어휘는 실제 생활에서도 많이 쓰이기 때문에, 이를 통해 현실에서의 소통 능력을 한층 더 높일 수 있습니다. shadow speech 기법을 활용하여, 따라 말하기 연습을 하면서 발음과 억양을 자연스럽게 익힐 수 있습니다.

문맥 속의 문법 및 표현

이 영상에서는 여러 가지 현재 시제 구조가 사용되었습니다. 특히 주목할 만한 세 가지를 살펴보겠습니다:

  • 현재 단순시제: 'I work', 'he works'와 같은 구조는 사실, 습관, 진실을 나타내기에 적합합니다. 예를 들어, "I drink a cup of coffee every morning"는 일상적인 습관을 표현합니다.
  • 현재 진행형: 'am/are/is + 동사-ing'의 구조는 현재 진행 중인 활동이나 일시적인 상황을 나타낼 때 사용합니다. 예시로, "I’m sitting in the studio"는 현재 시점을 기준으로 한 행동을 설명합니다.
  • 질문 및 부정문: 'do/does'를 활용한 질문 형태는 대화에 생동감을 더합니다. 예를 들어, "Do you take milk in your coffee?"는 상대방의 습관을 파악하는 데 유용합니다.

일반적인 발음 함정

영상에서는 몇 가지 발음상 유의해야 할 요소가 있습니다. 예를 들어, 'coffee'와 'milk' 같은 단어는 원어민 발음과 다르게 발음될 수 있습니다. 특히, 'coffee'의 경우, 많은 이들이 '코피'로 잘못 발음하는 경향이 있으니 주의가 필요합니다. 또한, 's'가 붙는 'he works'와 같은 사례에서는 발음이 강조되므로 연습 시 주의 깊게 들어야 합니다. IELTS 스피킹과 같은 상황에서도 자연스러운 발음을 구사하는 것이 중요하므로, shadowspeaks 기법을 통한 연습이 효과적입니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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