쉐도잉 연습: The psychology of narcissism - W. Keith Campbell - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기

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The First Selfie Way before the first selfie,
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The First Selfie Way before the first selfie,
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the ancient Greeks and Romans had a myth about someone a little too obsessed with his own image.
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In one telling, Narcissus was a handsome guy wandering the world in search of someone to love.
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After rejecting a nymph named Echo,
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he caught a glimpse of his own reflection in a river and fell in love with it.
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Unable to tear himself away, Narcissus drowned.
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A flower marked the spot where he died,
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and we call that flower the Narcissus.
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The myth captures the basic idea of narcissism,
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elevated and sometimes detrimental self-involvement.
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But it's not just a personality type that shows up in advice columns.
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It's actually a set of traits classified and studied by psychologists.
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The psychological definition of narcissism Narcissism is an inflated, grandiose self-image.
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To varying degrees, narcissists think they're better looking,
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smarter, and more important than other people,
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and that they deserve special treatment.
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Psychologists recognize two forms of narcissism as a personality trait,
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grandiose and vulnerable narcissism.
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There's also narcissistic personality disorder,
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a more extreme form which we'll return to shortly.
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Grandiose narcissism is the most familiar kind,
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characterized by extroversion, dominance, and attention-seeking.
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Grandiose narcissists pursue attention and power,
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sometimes as politicians, celebrities, or cultural leaders.
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Of course, not everyone who pursues these positions of power is narcissistic.
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Many do it for very positive reasons,
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like reaching their full potential or helping make people's lives better.
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But narcissistic individuals seek power for the status and attention that goes with it.
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Meanwhile, vulnerable narcissists can be quiet and reserved.
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They have a strong sense of entitlement but are easily threatened or slighted.
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In either case, the dark side of narcissism shows up over the long term.
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Narcissists tend to act selfishly,
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so narcissistic leaders may make risky or unethical decisions,
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and narcissistic partners may be dishonest or unfaithful.
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When their rosy view of themselves is challenged,
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they can become resentful and aggressive.
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It's like a disease where the sufferers feel pretty good,
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but the people around them suffer.
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Taken to the extreme, this behavior is classified as a psychological disorder called narcissistic personality disorder.
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It affects 1 to 2% of the population, more commonly men.
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It is also a diagnosis reserved for adults.
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Young people, especially children, can be very self-centered,
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but this might just be a normal part of development.
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The fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual describe several traits associated with narcissistic personality disorder.
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They include a grandiose view of oneself,
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problems with empathy, a sense of entitlement,
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and a need for admiration or attention.
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What makes these traits a true personality disorder is that they take over people's lives and cause significant problems.
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Imagine that instead of caring for your spouse or children,
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you used them as a source of attention or admiration.
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Or imagine that instead of seeking constructive feedback about your performance,
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you instead told everyone who tried to help you that they were wrong.
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So what causes narcissism?
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Twin studies show a strong genetic component,
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although we don't know which genes are involved.
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But environment matters, too.
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Parents who put their child on a pedestal can foster grandiose narcissism,
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and cold, controlling parents can contribute to vulnerable narcissism.
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Narcissism also seems to be higher in cultures that value individuality and self-promotion.
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In the United States, for example,
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narcissism as a personality trait has been rising since the 1970s,
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when the communal focus of the 60s gave way to the self-esteem movement and a rise in materialism.
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Recently, social media has multiplied the possibilities for self-promotion.
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Though it's worth noting that there's no clear evidence that social media causes narcissism,
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rather, it provides narcissists a means to seek social status and attention.
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So can narcissists improve on those negative traits?
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Yes.
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Anything that promotes honest reflection on their own behavior and caring for others,
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like psychotherapy or practicing compassion towards others, can be helpful.
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The difficulty is, it can be challenging for people with narcissistic personality disorder to keep working at self-betterment.
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For a narcissist, self-reflection is hard from an unflattering angle.

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이 비디오로 대화 연습을 해야 하는 이유

이 비디오는 나르시시즘이라는 심리학적 주제를 다루고 있습니다. 나르시시즘은 매우 흥미롭고 복잡한 개념이며, 사람들 간의 관계와 감정 인식에 많은 영향을 미칩니다. 이러한 주제를 영어로 이야기할 수 있는 능력을 기르기 위해서는 다양한 어휘와 구문을 배우는 것이 도움이 됩니다. 유튜브 영어 공부를 통해 이러한 심도 있는 주제를 연습함으로써 자신감을 높이고, 실제 대화에서 활용 가능한 기술을 연마할 수 있습니다.

맥락 속의 문법 및 표현

  • grandiose self-image: '확대된 자아상'이라는 표현은 본인에 대한 비현실적인 긍정적 시각을 나타냅니다. 이 구조는 나르시시즘을 설명할 때 자주 사용됩니다.
  • tend to act selfishly: '이기적으로 행동하는 경향이 있다'는 일반적 경향을 나타내는 표현으로, 나르시시즘의 부정적인 면을 설명할 때 유용합니다.
  • causes significant problems: '상당한 문제를 일으킨다'는 중요한 결과를 강조할 때 쓰이는 구문으로, 이 주제를 논의할 때 효과적입니다.

이러한 문법 구조를 영어 회화 연습에 활용하면, 자신이 원하는 주제에 대해 더 깊이 있게 이야기할 수 있습니다.

일반적인 발음 함정

비디오에서 나타나는 몇 가지 발음의 함정이 있습니다. 'narcissism'과 같은 단어는 발음이 복잡할 수 있으며 많은 학생들이 어색하게 발음하곤 합니다. 또한, 'self-centered'는 두 음절로 나누어져 발음되는 점에서 주의가 필요합니다. 이와 같은 단어들을 반복적으로 연습하면 영어 발음 교정에 큰 도움이 될 것입니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비 시에도 이러한 어려운 단어들을 잘 발음하는 것이 중요합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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