쉐도잉 연습: What’s the smallest thing in the universe? - Jonathan Butterworth - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기

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If you were to take any everyday object,
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If you were to take any everyday object,
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say a coffee cup, and break it in half,
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then in half again, and keep carrying on,
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where would you end up?
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Could you keep on going forever?
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Or would you find a set of indivisible building blocks out of which everything is made?
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Physicists have found the latter,
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that matter is made of fundamental particles,
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the smallest things in the universe.
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Particles interact with each other according to a theory called the Standard Model.
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The Standard Model is a remarkably elegant encapsulation of the strange quantum world of indivisible,
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infinitely small particles.
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It also covers the forces that govern how particles move,
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interact, and bind together to give shape to the world around us.
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So how does it work?
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Zooming in on the fragments of the cup,
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we see molecules made of atoms bound up together.
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A molecule is the smallest unit of any chemical compound.
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An atom is the smallest unit of any element in the periodic table.
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But the atom is not the smallest unit of matter.
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Experiments found that each atom has a tiny,
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dense nucleus, surrounded by a cloud of even tinier electrons.
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The electron is, as far as we know,
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one of the fundamental indivisible building blocks of the universe.
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It was the first standard model particle ever discovered.
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Electrons are bound to an atom's nucleus by electromagnetism.
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They attract each other by exchanging particles called photons,
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which are quanta of light that carry the electromagnetic force,
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one of the fundamental forces of the standard model.
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The nucleus has more secrets to reveal,
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as it contains protons and neutrons.
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Though once thought to be fundamental particles on their own,
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in 1968 physicists found that protons and neutrons are actually made of quarks, which are indivisible.
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A proton contains two up quarks and one down quark.
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A neutron contains two down quarks and one up.
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The nucleus is held together by the strong force,
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another fundamental force of the standard model.
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Just as photons carry the electromagnetic force,
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particles called gluons carry the strong force.
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Electrons, together with up-and-down quarks,
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seem to be all we need to build atoms and therefore describe normal matter.
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However, high-energy experiments reveal that there are actually six quarks,
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down and up, strange and charm, and bottom and top.
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And they come in a wide range of masses.
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The same was found for electrons,
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which have heavier siblings called the muon and the tau.
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Why are there three and only three different versions of each of these particles?
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This remains a mystery.
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These heavy particles are only produced for very brief moments in high-energy collisions and are not seen in everyday life.
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This is because they decay very quickly into the lighter particles.
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Such decays involve the exchange of force-carrying particles called the W and Z,
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which, unlike the photon, have mass.
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They carry the weak force,
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the final force of the standard model.
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This same force allows protons and neutrons to transform into each other,
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a vital part of the fusion interactions that drive the Sun.
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To observe the W and Z directly,
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we needed the high-energy collisions provided by particle accelerators.
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There's another kind of standard model particle called neutrinos.
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These only interact with other particles through the weak force.
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Trillions of neutrinos, many generated by the Sun,
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fly through us every second.
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Measurements of weak interactions found that there are different kinds of neutrinos associated with the electron,
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muon, and tau.
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All these particles also have antimatter versions,
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which have the opposite charge but are otherwise identical.
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Matter and antimatter particles are produced in pairs in high-energy collisions,
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and they annihilate each other when they meet.
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The final particle of the standard model is the Higgs boson,
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a quantum ripple in the background energy field of the universe.
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Interacting with this field is how all the fundamental matter particles acquire mass,
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according to the Standard Model.
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The ATLAS experiment on the Large Hadron Collider is studying the Standard Model in depth.
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By taking precise measurements of the particles and forces that make up the universe,
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ATLAS physicists can look for answers to mysteries not explained by the Standard Model.
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For example, how does gravity fit in?
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What is the real relationship between force carriers and matter particles?
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how can we describe dark matter,
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which makes up most of the mass in the universe but remains unaccounted for?
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While the Standard Model provides a beautiful explanation for the world around us,
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there is still a universe's worth of mysteries left to explore.
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Ready to start exploring?
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Dive right back into the perplexities of the universe with these two lessons.

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주요 어휘 및 표현

  • Fundamental particles (기본 입자)
  • Molecule (분자)
  • Atom (원자)
  • Electron (전자)
  • Proton (양성자)
  • Neutron (중성자)
  • Quark (쿼크)
  • Strong force (강한 힘)

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비디오의 속도를 반영하여 영어 쉐도잉을 할 때는, 내용의 흐름을 정확하게 이해하는 것이 중요합니다. 이 비디오는 과학적인 주제를 다루고 있기 때문에, 전문용어와 개념의 발음을 정확히 연습해 보세요. 영상에서 말하는 사람의 억양과 음성 톤에 주목하여, shadowspeak 방식으로 따라 말해보세요. 처음에는 느린 속도로 따라 한 후, 점차적으로 자연스러운 속도로 전환하는 연습을 하도록 합니다. IELTS 스피킹 시험에서도 이러한 깊이 있는 표현과 발음을 연습하면 큰 도움이 될 것입니다. 영어 발음 교정을 위해 자신이 발음하는 소리를 녹음해보고, 원본과 비교하면서 부족한 부분을 찾아보는 것도 효과적인 방법입니다.

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쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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