쉐도잉 연습: Who are you, really? The puzzle of personality | Brian Little | TED - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기

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What an intriguing group of individuals you are ...
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What an intriguing group of individuals you are ...
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to a psychologist.
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(Laughter) I've had the opportunity over the last couple of days of listening in on some of your conversations and watching you interact with each other.
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And I think it's fair to say, already, that there are 47 people in this audience, at this moment, displaying psychological symptoms I would like to discuss today.
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(Laughter) And I thought you might like to know who you are.
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(Laughter) But instead of pointing at you, which would be gratuitous and intrusive, I thought I would tell you a few facts and stories, in which you may catch a glimpse of yourself.
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I'm in the field of research known as personality psychology, which is part of a larger personality science which spans the full spectrum, from neurons to narratives.
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And what we try to do, in our own way, is to make sense of how each of us -- each of you -- is, in certain respects, like all other people, like some other people and like no other person.
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Now, already you may be saying of yourself, "I'm not intriguing.
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I am the 46th most boring person in the Western Hemisphere." Or you may say of yourself, "I am intriguing, even if I am regarded by most people as a great, thundering twit." (Laughter) But it is your self-diagnosed boringness and your inherent "twitiness" that makes me, as a psychologist, really fascinated by you.
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So let me explain why this is so.
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One of the most influential approaches in personality science is known as trait psychology, and it aligns you along five dimensions which are normally distributed, and that describe universally held aspects of difference between people.
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They spell out the acronym OCEAN.
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So, "O" stands for "open to experience," versus those who are more closed.
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"C" stands for "conscientiousness," in contrast to those with a more lackadaisical approach to life.
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"E" -- "extroversion," in contrast to more introverted people.
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"A" -- "agreeable individuals," in contrast to those decidedly not agreeable.
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And "N" -- "neurotic individuals," in contrast to those who are more stable.
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All of these dimensions have implications for our well-being, for how our life goes.
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And so we know that, for example, openness and conscientiousness are very good predictors of life success, but the open people achieve that success through being audacious and, occasionally, odd.
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The conscientious people achieve it through sticking to deadlines, to persevering, as well as having some passion.
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Extroversion and agreeableness are both conducive to working well with people.
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Extroverts, for example, I find intriguing.
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With my classes, I sometimes give them a basic fact that might be revealing with respect to their personality: I tell them that it is virtually impossible for adults to lick the outside of their own elbow.
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(Laughter) Did you know that?
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Already, some of you have tried to lick the outside of your own elbow.
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But extroverts amongst you are probably those who have not only tried, but they have successfully licked the elbow of the person sitting next to them.
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(Laughter) Those are the extroverts.
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Let me deal in a bit more detail with extroversion, because it's consequential and it's intriguing, and it helps us understand what I call our three natures.
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First, our biogenic nature -- our neurophysiology.
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Second, our sociogenic or second nature, which has to do with the cultural and social aspects of our lives.
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And third, what makes you individually you -- idiosyncratic -- what I call your "idiogenic" nature.
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Let me explain.
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One of the things that characterizes extroverts is they need stimulation.
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And that stimulation can be achieved by finding things that are exciting: loud noises, parties and social events here at TED -- you see the extroverts forming a magnetic core.
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They all gather together.
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And I've seen you.
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The introverts are more likely to spend time in the quiet spaces up on the second floor, where they are able to reduce stimulation -- and may be misconstrued as being antisocial, but you're not necessarily antisocial.
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It may be that you simply realize that you do better when you have a chance to lower that level of stimulation.
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Sometimes it's an internal stimulant, from your body.
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Caffeine, for example, works much better with extroverts than it does introverts.
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When extroverts come into the office at nine o'clock in the morning and say, "I really need a cup of coffee," they're not kidding -- they really do.
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Introverts do not do as well, particularly if the tasks they're engaged in -- and they've had some coffee -- if those tasks are speeded, and if they're quantitative, introverts may give the appearance of not being particularly quantitative.
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But it's a misconstrual.
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So here are the consequences that are really quite intriguing: we're not always what seem to be, and that takes me to my next point.
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I should say, before getting to this, something about sexual intercourse, although I may not have time.
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And so, if you would like me to -- yes, you would?
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OK. (Laughter) There are studies done on the frequency with which individuals engage in the conjugal act, as broken down by male, female; introvert, extrovert.
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So I ask you: How many times per minute -- oh, I'm sorry, that was a rat study -- (Laughter) How many times per month do introverted men engage in the act?
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3.0. Extroverted men?
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More or less?
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Yes, more. 5.5 -- almost twice as much.
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Introverted women: 3.1.
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Extroverted women?
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Frankly, speaking as an introverted male, which I will explain later -- they are heroic.
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7.5. They not only handle all the male extroverts, they pick up a few introverts as well.
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(Laughter) (Applause) We communicate differently, extroverts and introverts.
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Extroverts, when they interact, want to have lots of social encounter punctuated by closeness.
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They'd like to stand close for comfortable communication.
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They like to have a lot of eye contact, or mutual gaze.
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We found in some research that they use more diminutive terms when they meet somebody.
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So when an extrovert meets a Charles, it rapidly becomes "Charlie," and then "Chuck," and then "Chuckles Baby." (Laughter) Whereas for introverts, it remains "Charles," until he's given a pass to be more intimate by the person he's talking to.
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We speak differently.
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Extroverts prefer black-and-white, concrete, simple language.
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Introverts prefer -- and I must again tell you that I am as extreme an introvert as you could possibly imagine -- we speak differently.
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We prefer contextually complex, contingent, weasel-word sentences -- (Laughter) More or less.
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(Laughter) As it were.
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(Laughter) Not to put too fine a point upon it -- like that.
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When we talk, we sometimes talk past each other.
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I had a consulting contract I shared with a colleague who's as different from me as two people can possibly be.
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First, his name is Tom.
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Mine isn't.
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(Laughter) Secondly, he's six foot five.
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I have a tendency not to be.
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(Laughter) And thirdly, he's as extroverted a person as you could find.
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I am seriously introverted.
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I overload so much, I can't even have a cup of coffee after three in the afternoon and expect to sleep in the evening.
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We had seconded to this project a fellow called Michael.
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And Michael almost brought the project to a crashing halt.
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So the person who seconded him asked Tom and me, "What do you make of Michael?" Well, I'll tell you what Tom said in a minute.
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He spoke in classic "extrovert-ese." And here is how extroverted ears heard what I said, which is actually pretty accurate.
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I said, "Well Michael does have a tendency at times of behaving in a way that some of us might see as perhaps more assertive than is normally called for." (Laughter) Tom rolled his eyes and he said, "Brian, that's what I said: he's an asshole!" (Laughter) (Applause) Now, as an introvert, I might gently allude to certain "assholic" qualities in this man's behavior, but I'm not going to lunge for the a-word.
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(Laughter) But the extrovert says, "If he walks like one, if he talks like one, I call him one." And we go past each other.
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Now is this something that we should be heedful of?
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Of course. It's important that we know this.
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Is that all we are?
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Are we just a bunch of traits?
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No, we're not.
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Remember, you're like some other people and like no other person.
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How about that idiosyncratic you?
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As Elizabeth or as George, you may share your extroversion or your neuroticism.
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But are there some distinctively Elizabethan features of your behavior, or Georgian of yours, that make us understand you better than just a bunch of traits?
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That make us love you?
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Not just because you're a certain type of person.
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I'm uncomfortable putting people in pigeonholes.
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I don't even think pigeons belong in pigeonholes.
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So what is it that makes us different?
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It's the doings that we have in our life -- the personal projects.
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You have a personal project right now, but nobody may know it here.
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It relates to your kid -- you've been back three times to the hospital, and they still don't know what's wrong.
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Or it could be your mom.
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And you'd been acting out of character.
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These are free traits.
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You're very agreeable, but you act disagreeably in order to break down those barriers of administrative torpor in the hospital, to get something for your mom or your child.
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What are these free traits?
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They're where we enact a script in order to advance a core project in our lives.
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And they are what matters.
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Don't ask people what type you are; ask them, "What are your core projects in your life?" And we enact those free traits.
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I'm an introvert, but I have a core project, which is to profess.
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I'm a professor.
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And I adore my students, and I adore my field.
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And I can't wait to tell them about what's new, what's exciting, what I can't wait to tell them about.
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And so I act in an extroverted way, because at eight in the morning, the students need a little bit of humor, a little bit of engagement to keep them going in arduous days of study.
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But we need to be very careful when we act protractedly out of character.
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Sometimes we may find that we don't take care of ourselves.
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I find, for example, after a period of pseudo-extroverted behavior, I need to repair somewhere on my own.
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As Susan Cain said in her "Quiet" book, in a chapter that featured the strange Canadian professor who was teaching at the time at Harvard, I sometimes go to the men's room to escape the slings and arrows of outrageous extroverts.
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(Laughter) I remember one particular day when I was retired to a cubicle, trying to avoid overstimulation.
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And a real extrovert came in beside me -- not right in my cubicle, but in the next cubicle over -- and I could hear various evacuatory noises, which we hate -- even our own, that's why we flush during as well as after.
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(Laughter) And then I heard this gravelly voice saying, "Hey, is that Dr. Little?" (Laughter) If anything is guaranteed to constipate an introvert for six months, it's talking on the john.
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(Laughter) That's where I'm going now.
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Don't follow me.
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Thank you. (Applause)

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브라이언 리틀은 인격 심리학의 전문가로서 인간의 인격에 대한 복잡성과 다양한 면모를 탐구합니다. 그의 TED 강연에서는 우리가 다른 사람들과 어떻게 유사하면서도 고유한지를 탐색하려 합니다. 그는 성격 과학의 다양한 접근법을 소개하고, 특히 OCEAN이라는 다섯 가지 성격 특성을 통해 우리가 어떻게 서로 다르고, 또 비슷한지를 설명합니다. 이러한 설명을 통해 리틀은 청중이 자신의 성격을 이해하고, 삶에서의 성공과 행복에 미치는 영향을 깊이 있게 성찰하도록 유도합니다.

일상 대화를 위한 5가지 주요 표현

  • 자신을 진단하다: “나는 지루한 사람이다”라고 스스로 평가하기.
  • 성격의 차이를 이해하다: “나는 모든 사람처럼, 어떤 사람처럼, 그리고 아무 사람처럼도 다르다.”
  • 상대방의 반응을 관찰하다: “당신의 호기심을 테스트해보세요.”
  • 차별화된 성격을 강조하다: “외향적인 사람들은 자극을 필요로 한다.”
  • 이해를 요구하다: “어떤 성격의 특징이 내 삶에 영향을 미칠까?”

단계별 쉐도잉 가이드

리틀의 강연을 통해 영어 회화를 향상시키고자 하는 학습자에게는 '영어 쉐도잉' 기법이 매우 유용합니다. 여기서는 이 특정 강연의 내용을 바탕으로 영어 발음을 교정하는 방법을 제공합니다:

  1. 비디오 시청: 처음에는 전체 강연을 보며 주제를 이해합니다. 이때 강연자의 억양과 발음을 주의 깊게 들어보세요.
  2. 문장 반복: 강연 중 특정 문장을 선정해 반복해서 들으면서 따라 말해보세요. “나는 흥미롭지 않다.”와 같은 표현을 활용해 보세요.
  3. 쉐도잉 연습: 강연자가 말을 시작하면 바로 따라 말합니다. 이 과정을 통해 자연스럽게 발음을 익힐 수 있습니다.
  4. 녹음 및 청취: 자신의 목소리를 녹음하여 강연자의 발음과 비교해 보세요. 어떤 부분이 어려운지 파악하는 데 도움이 됩니다.
  5. 빈번한 연습: 주기적으로 영상과 쉐도잉 연습을 반복하여 자연스럽게 영어 회화 능력을 향상시킵니다. 이를 통해 shadowspeak의 흐름에 익숙해질 수 있습니다.

이러한 과정을 통해 여러분은 자신의 영어 발음을 교정하고, 더욱 자신감 있게 대화에 참여할 수 있습니다. 효과적인 영어 쉐도잉을 통해 최상의 결과를 얻어보세요!

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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