쉐도잉 연습: Why the world's superpowers are racing to control the Arctic - BBC World Service - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기

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What happens in the Arctic does not stay in the Arctic.
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What happens in the Arctic does not stay in the Arctic.
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There are things happening in the Arctic now that would have been unthinkable 20 years ago.
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This is the region warming faster than anywhere else on Earth.
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And as the climate changes, so does its strategic importance.
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We need Greenland for national security and even international security.
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Major powers are turning their eyes north.
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Looking for resources, new routes through the ice, and a way to strengthen their position on the global stage.
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A lot of countries have come out with Arctic strategies.
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It's part of how the international order is being challenged.
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Here are five reasons why the Arctic has become one of the world's most hotly contested regions.
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To understand this, we need to look at the world in a different way.
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Far from just a frozen ocean, eight countries have territory in the Arctic Circle.
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The United States, Canada, Greenland, which is a semi-autonomous part of Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia.
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During the Cold War between the US and Soviet Union, going over the pole was a potential route for missile strikes.
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Both countries expanded their military operations, with the US establishing a base in the north of Greenland.
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But in 1987, with the Cold War coming to an end, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev proposed the scaling down of military activity in the Arctic.
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What Gorbachev was trying to articulate was a vision where the Arctic parties would focus on areas where they could find common cause.
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In the years that followed, the eight Arctic nations formed the Arctic Council and agreed to work together on research and environmental protection.
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Arctic and Non-arctic Arctic states opened research bases with countries like China, India and South Korea investigating how the region impacts weather patterns thousands of kilometres away in Asia.
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The Arctic has had this reputation of being sort of an exceptional place of peace and cooperation.
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That narrative continued until Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
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In 2022, Russia reopened the Cold War's fault lines.
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Within months, Finland and Sweden applied to join NATO, the Western military alliance.
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The Arctic map became Russia on one side and NATO members on the other.
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The border between Norway, Finland and Russia is effectively a front line for Russia and NATO.
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The Arctic saw direct conflict when a Russian air base in the Arctic Circle was attacked by Ukrainian drones.
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The region is critical to Russia's military.
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Most of its nuclear capability is based there.
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Russia has reopened dozens of Soviet era bases and used Arctic waters to test hypersonic cruise missiles.
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Russian and American fighter jets have come into close proximity in the skies near Alaska.
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And the West is also expanding its Arctic presence.
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2024 saw NATO's biggest drills in the region since the Cold War.
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The US Army has reactivated a specialised Arctic force in Alaska, and President Trump has proposed something bolder.
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We need Greenland for national security and international security.
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So I think we'll go as far as we have to go.
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We need Greenland, and the world needs us to have Greenland.
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The US still has a military base in Greenland, and the response to Mr. Trump's suggestion was clear.
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Polls suggest most Greenlanders don't want to be part of the US.
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The majority want to be independent.
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For Donald Trump, a strong presence in the Arctic is key to countering the partnership between Russia and China, which the two countries describe as a friendship without limits.
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You don't even need binoculars.
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You look outside, you have China ships all over the place.
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You have Russian ships all over the place.
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We're not letting that happen. Russian and Chinese Coast Guard ships have carried out joint patrols in the Arctic Ocean, and bombers from both countries have flown together near Alaska.
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It's the first time that we've seen these two countries fly together like that.
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The worry is that some of those drills, exercises, patrols might generate a risky escalation, a miscalculation.
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China says its actions are about deepening cooperation with Russia and aren't aimed at third parties.
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However, this relationship has tensions of its own.
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There's been a danger that Russia's fully aware of is that the more and more it collaborates with China, the more it's giving China legitimacy to act as a very powerful near-Arctic state.
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China describes itself as a near-Arctic state, despite being 1400km from the Arctic Circle.
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In 2018, it launched a range of investment projects it called the Polar Silk Road.
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But it's hit road blocks in communities wary of being over reliant on China.
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They want to be a polar superpower.
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We want a relationship to China, but we do not want to be dependent on China.
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There's no question that it was trying to sort of have a significant impact in the Arctic, but it hasn't come to fruition.
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Most of China's economic success in the Arctic has come from partnering with Russia on projects like this natural gas extraction field.
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And shipping this gas has been made easier by the Arctic Ocean's melting sea ice.
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This was how much there was in summer 1979, and this is in 2024.
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A reduction of 2.6 million km², which is roughly the size of Argentina.
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Many see this as an opportunity to exploit the Arctic for shipping during the summer months.
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Of the three potential routes, the only one currently viable is along Russia's northern coast, known as the Northern Sea Route.
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There's been the hope that more and more traffic could bypass the usage of the Suez Canal and shave thousands of miles off shipping time and distance.
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97 cargo voyages were made using the Northern Sea Route in 2024, mostly exports from Russia to China.
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But compared to Suez, with 13000 ships passing through every year, it's a long way from being a competitive option.
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The Arctic Ocean is frozen for most of the year.
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Even in summer it's an unpredictable environment.
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You're going to have a situation where there are very small windows of time where there could be the potential to transit, and that doesn't offer the certainty the shipping industry needs.
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While questions remain about shipping, there's something else the melting ice may reveal.
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There's been this narrative of the last frontier of sort of rich access to resources that haven't been accessible in the past.
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It's estimated that 30% of the world's undiscovered gas and 13% of undiscovered oil is there.
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Minerals too, particularly in Greenland.
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If the US were to gain access to Greenland's resources, it could significantly reduce our dependence on foreign suppliers, particularly China, which currently operates a virtual monopoly on the rare earth market.
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But getting these resources is far from simple.
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You're dealing with environments that are remote, expensive to operate in, lacking infrastructure, and where there is very little skilled labour close by.
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Despite this, global interest in the region, and what further ice melt might reveal, remains.
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And that could introduce further competition to this already contested region.
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15 years ago you would have said the Arctic is a region best characterised by high north, low tension.
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Now we should adapt that slogan to high north, high tension.

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이 비디오를 통해 말하기 연습을 해야 하는 이유

이 비디오는 아틱 지역의 지정학적 중요성과 국제 관계의 변화에 대해 논의합니다. 이러한 복잡한 주제를 다루는 데 필요한 어휘와 표현을 배우는 것은 영어 회화 연습에 매우 유용합니다. 비디오 속 발표자의 말하기 방식을 모방하면서, 청취력과 발음 개선에 가장 효과적인 방법인 shadow speech 기법을 활용할 수 있습니다. 실제 상황에서 사용되는 언어를 통해 IELTS 스피킹 준비에도 큰 도움이 될 것입니다. 또한, 국제 문제에 대한 지식을 바탕으로 풍부한 대화를 나눌 수 있는 자신감을 증진시킬 수 있습니다.

문맥 속의 문법 및 표현

  • “What happens in the Arctic does not stay in the Arctic.” - 이 표현은 원인과 결과의 관계를 보여줍니다. 특정 사건이나 변화가 다른 지역이나 상황에 미치는 영향을 강조합니다.
  • “This is the region warming faster than anywhere else on Earth.” - 비교급을 사용하여 아틱의 독특한 상황을 강조합니다. 이는 주제의 중요성을 더욱 부각시킵니다.
  • “We need Greenland for national security and even international security.” - 여기서는 'need'라는 동사를 사용하여 필수성을 강조합니다. 'for'와 같은 전치사 사용에 주목하면 유용합니다.
  • “The Arctic has had this reputation of being sort of an exceptional place of peace and cooperation.” - 'sort of'라는 표현은 주제를 부드럽게 소개하며, 듣는 사람의 이해를 돕습니다.

일반적인 발음 함정

영상에서 주의 깊게 들어야 할 발음이 몇 가지 있습니다. 특히 “Arctic”라는 단어는 자주 틀리기 쉬운 발음입니다. /ˈɑːrktɪk/처럼 발음해야 정확합니다. 또한 “Greenland”와 같은 지명도 발음하기 어렵기 때문에 반복적으로 연습하는 것이 좋습니다. 한국어에서 사용하는 발음과 다를 수 있기 때문에 유튜브 영어 공부를 통해 비디오를 반복 시청하면서 발음을 연습하세요. 이와 같은 발음 연습은 shadowspeak 기법에도 잘 어울립니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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