Prática de Shadowing: High winds, lack of rain and climate change stoking California fires, say experts | BBC News - Aprenda a falar inglês com o YouTube

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Well, Los Angeles has, of course,
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Well, Los Angeles has, of course,
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been hit by devastating wildfires before,
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but weather experts say that it's being hit by the most destructive windstorm in decades,
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with winds of between 80 and 100 miles an hour.
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So how much of a role has climate change played in this extreme weather?
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Here's our climate editor, Justin Rowland.
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Still images show the fury and the horror of the fires engulfing parts of California.
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Wildfires are a year-round threat in the state,
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but this year it experienced its hottest summer on record.
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We know climate change is making the kind of hot,
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dry weather California has experienced in recent months more likely.
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And scientists say that is increasing the number of what are known as fire weather days.
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Now, this graph shows the increase in the area burnt by fires in the US since 1983.
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As you can see, it appears to have been growing steadily over the years.
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And there's another factor this year.
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The winter rains that normally reduce the fire risk in California didn't come.
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In fact, downtown Los Angeles has only received 0.16 inches of rain since October.
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That is more than four inches below average.
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The California governor, Gavin Newsom,
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believes the pattern of wildfires is changing.
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We were here not too long ago.
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The Franklin Fire a few weeks prior to that, the Mountain Fire.
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November, December, now January.
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There's no fire season, it's fire year, it's year round.
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And look how the wind has been blowing the fires.
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These Santa Ana, or devil winds as they're sometimes called,
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are a normal part of California weather,
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caused by cool, dry air blowing from the interior of the state to the coast.
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Climate change doesn't appear to have altered the pattern of the Santa Ana winds,
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but as our world warms,
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the dangerous combination of strong winds with very dry vegetation is becoming more likely.
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And just look at the scenes on the other side of the country.
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The East Coast and parts of central US are experiencing icy cold weather
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and snowstorms that have killed five people and left 60 million under extreme weather warnings the contrast could hardly be more stark.
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Justin Rowlat, BBC News.
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Our correspondent Helena Humphrey is in Hollywood and joins us now.
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Helena, it's easy to think that a wildfire is a rural phenomenon,
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but this is happening in urban areas.
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It absolutely is, and I think when you speak to people from Southern California,
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they'll tell you that they are used to seasonal wildfires wildfires.
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That isn't something that is new here,
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but what is new is the scale of what we're seeing.
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These flames, as you say,
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reaching urban areas right now.
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That Pacific Palisades fire, for example,
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is unprecedented in LA history.
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And that is because, as Justin was pointing out,
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these weather patterns are changing, exacerbated by climate change.
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If you take a look at the conditions here on the ground in January,
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it's expected to be the wet season.
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And instead, very little rain in the past eight months.
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The ground here is tinder dry.
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And then add to that the topography, of course, of L.A.
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Just think of the Hollywood Hills.
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And essentially, you have these canyon-like environments fanned by these hurricane winds of up to 100 miles per hour.
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And as you can see,
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that kind of creates a chimney-like effect.
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And that is what people have been dealing with on the ground.
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But really, the scale of this is unprecedented.
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And then on top of that,
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the fact that you haven't had that water means that fire hydrants,
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the likes of which you find on the street here,
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are seeing very low levels.
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So some fire crews have been trying to use that to hose out the flames,
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only to find sometimes that they have been running dry.
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Also, civilian planes going up,
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attempting to do water drops,
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including in the Hollywood Hills here behind me and they have found that that thick smoke is also causing turbulence,
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poor visibility, making fighting these flames,
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these blazes, all the more difficult.
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How much warning are people getting that they've got to leave their homes?
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I'm just thinking about what could they possibly salvage to take with them?
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Well, they can salvage very little.
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People I've been speaking to here in the heart of L.A.,
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places like Sunset Boulevard appear dazed, confused.
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They are standing there with pet carriers, with their dogs.
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They're wearing their flip-flops, carrier bags just filled with the bare essentials.
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They've had to just grab a bag and go.
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That has been the message.
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Authorities are saying this is not a drill.
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If you are told to evacuate,
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you have to get out.
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Over 100,000 people have already left.
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We know that there have been five fatalities,
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people who didn't necessarily get out on time,
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although the cause of death has yet to be confirmed.
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But yes, people are paying attention to the media.
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They've got an app on their phone for these warnings.
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We, as we arrived, were in the area of Hollywood where that blaze had sprung up,
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that sunset fire.
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We also received the alert on our phone saying that we had to leave that area.
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So that is what people are encountering right now.
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And I think they're very much on edge.
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They're looking at the horizon just a few hours ago,
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orange haze on that horizon coming towards them.
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And they're feeling very nervous,
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even if President Biden says that they'll have all the resources that they need to fight this fire and to rebuild.
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I think they just don't know what could come in the hours ahead.
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Helena, for the moment, thank you very much.
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Helena Humphrey.

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Por que praticar a fala com este vídeo?

Praticar a fala com vídeos informativos, como este da BBC News sobre incêndios florestais na Califórnia, oferece uma oportunidade única para os alunos de inglês. Ao escutar especialistas discutindo tópicos reais, você pode aprimorar seu vocabulário e familiarizar-se com a pronúncia natural. Além disso, o contexto sobre mudanças climáticas e desastres naturais ajuda a entender melhor expressões que são frequentemente usadas em conversas cotidianas. Ao usar técnicas de shadowspeak, você poderá reproduzir a fala do apresentador, melhorando não apenas a sua fluência, mas também a sua confiança ao falar em inglês.

Gramática e Expressões em Contexto

No vídeo, há várias estruturas-chave que podem ser analisadas para melhorar a sua competência em inglês. Aqui estão algumas delas:

  • "The kind of hot, dry weather": A expressão destaca a importância de descrever condições climáticas usando adjetivos para criar uma imagem clara na mente do ouvinte.
  • "What are known as fire weather days": Note a construção que utiliza 'what are known as', que é uma forma útil para introduzir definições ou explicações.
  • "The pattern of wildfires is changing": Aqui temos uma estrutura simples, mas poderosa, que pode ser usada para discutir mudanças em tendências ou comportamentos.

Essas expressões são essenciais para expressar ideias complexas de forma clara e concisa, um ponto crucial quando você está aprendendo inglês com YouTube.

Armadilhas Comuns de Pronúncia

Ao assistir ao vídeo, preste atenção nos seguintes pontos de pronúncia que podem ser desafiadores:

  • "Santa Ana winds": A pronúncia do "Santa" deve ser clara, pois a combinação de sons pode causar confusão. A ênfase e a fluência são essenciais aqui.
  • "Destructive windstorm": A palavra "destructive" contém sons semelhantes, o que pode complicar a pronúncia. Focar na articulação correta vai ajudar a melhorar a pronúncia em inglês.
  • "Unprecedented": Este termo pode ser complicado devido à sua extensão. Praticar a separação das sílabas pode facilitar sua pronúncia.

Utilizando práticas como shadowing em inglês, os alunos podem aplicar técnicas focadas na pronúncia correta, repetindo depois dos palestrantes, o que fortalece a memória auditiva.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

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