Prática de Shadowing: How AI is changing the job market - What in the World podcast, BBC World Service - Aprenda a falar inglês com o YouTube

I have now been looking for a job for a year with more than 200 applications sent.

⏸ Pausado

Velocidade:

261 frases

Se as frases estiverem muito curtas ou longas, clique em Edit para ajustá-las.

I have now been looking for a job for a year with more than 200 applications sent.

How much longer will I be kind of stuck in this limbo,

I guess, between school and adulthood?

Most people I know have been impacted by layoffs at least once, if not twice.

Hey, it's Hannah here.

Welcome to What in the World,

the podcast for all of your news,

trends and talking points from the BBC World Service.

Applying for jobs is really tough.

You've got to scour the internet for ads

and then put in all of that time

and mental energy on an application and that's before you've even found out if you've got an interview.

But some people have been finding that process even harder than normal.

They've been putting in loads of applications and never hearing back.

And we've all heard the chat about AI taking our jobs

and there have been some recent studies that suggest

that AI is making it harder for younger people and grads to get their first jobs.

So is AI after your job and what can you do to adapt?

I'm speaking to Natalia Jimenez,

a BBC reporter in New York.

Hey, Natalia, welcome back.

Hi, thank you so much for having me.

Okay, so firstly, this chat about AI taking entry-level jobs,

how big of a problem is it?

What do the studies say?

So, I mean, the quick answer is yes,

we're going through an AI disruption phase.

That's the phrase that you're often going to hear.

So yes, AI is starting to replace jobs and particularly entry-level jobs.

Those are the first on the chopping block.

And that's because they're often administrative, they're digital, they're repetitive.

They're basically jobs that AI can learn quite easily,

make more efficient, go faster.

That's very attractive to companies that are starting to look to cut costs.

So, yes, young people are suffering the most.

And we see that in the numbers, too.

Stanford did a study, and it said that since late 2022,

right when ChatGPT went big,

people aged 22 to 25 have seen a 13 percent drop in jobs and roles that are easy for AI to handle.

So I'm talking software development, marketing, customer service.

Meanwhile, older workers are not affected in the same way.

So that's why the study essentially calls young people canaries in the coal mine.

There's a real problem because if people aren't being accepted at entry level,

then they can't progress up the chain and then they can't get the expertise to get to those kind of more secure,

mid and top level jobs,

the ones where they have those soft skills that can't be imitated or replaced by AI.

And of course, this isn't the only thing that's affecting the US job market at the moment.

What are some of the other things that have been going on for young people?

Right.

So this is kind of part of a bigger shift.

So we obviously have macroeconomic factors.

So So after the pandemic,

there was a chilling in the job market.

Basically, people are hiring less.

So that's one of the issues that we're dealing with, too.

There is an oversaturated market.

More people have college degrees.

So there are more people applying for,

you know, administrative jobs, less so,

you know, jobs in retail.

Those jobs in retail and health care,

the ones that need a little bit more human interaction, they're still going.

People are still hiring.

Whereas the ones that need maybe a college degree in the sense of computer science,

that was a job that was very,

very in demand a few years ago,

now that's starting to decline.

So yeah, the macroeconomic shifts right now in the economy, it's not great.

And then AI and then an oversaturated market.

It's like the perfect storm.

And let's hear it from some of you guys who got in touch and are looking for work.

This is Zola in France.

I work in the fields of arts and culture.

I hold two master's degrees,

one in political and social sciences and another one in cultural policy and administration.

I have now been looking for a job for a year with more than 200 applications sent.

I think that on my part,

there is several frustrations that I'd like to highlight within this job hunting process.

The lack of formal answers from employers,

the disregard for experiences linked to your internship or traineeships or even voluntary contexts.

I do not believe that AI should or can truly replace an artist

or a playwright but it has been increasingly used to do so in several cases

and so for me it is a growing political and ecological concern

and we got this from laura in the us i just know

so many people applying to jobs right now

and right like every company not even tech anymore right the federal government entertainment media consulting finance they're all laying off people.

So every industry is, you know, getting impacted.

And right when more people are laid off,

more people are looking for jobs,

but there just aren't enough spots for everyone.

I think it's so tough for young people to find jobs right now because right when companies are laying people off,

they're usually laying off the most junior people, right?

So they lay off the 20 somethings who just started working, right?

That's what happened to me when they laid off my team at Google,

it was all the newest hires, right?

So everyone, basically everyone in their twenties got let go.

I feel like most people I know have been impacted by layoffs at least once,

if not twice, if not twice.

And here is Tiffany Lee,

100

a recent graduate from New York.

101

The company that I worked at,

102

I worked at Apple when I was an intern last summer.

103

They didn't have the head count for another, like a full-time employee.

104

And there are a lot less new grad opportunities.

105

There used to be more specific new grad programs out there for seniors to apply to.

106

Sometimes I'll feel more motivated and hopeful,

107

especially if I've been interviewing or like I'm in like the later ends of an interview stage,

108

I'll start feeling more hopeful or like imagining myself in this job already.

109

But other times, you know,

110

like I'll be like waking up in the middle of the night

111

or like I can't sleep and I'm just thinking about how much longer will I be kind of stuck in this limbo,

112

I guess, between school and adulthood.

113

So it is a little sad sometimes,

114

but I think it helps that I'm not alone and there are a lot of other people going through the same thing.

115

And talking about what some of the big companies have said,

116

you know, I've seen things from Duolingo

117

and Amazon talking about how AI is going to change the

118

way they hire in the future is the message being sent out from these big companies right now?

119

So Amazon's CEO was pretty direct in a message he sent to employees back in June.

120

He basically said that generative AI is going to reduce the corporate workforce over the next few years quite significantly.

121

And that doesn't mean they're not going to hire anyone new.

122

They're still going to bring in people to teams that are maybe a little bit more AI heavy,

123

but they expect to need fewer BUT THEY EXPECT TO NEED FEWER HUMANS IN GENERAL.

124

AND THAT'S GOING TO LAND ON YOUNGEST STAFF THE MOST.

125

AGAIN, BECAUSE THEY'RE DOING THESE REPETITIVE JOBS.

126

BUT THE ONES THAT NEED LESS JUDGMENT,

127

LESS CRITICAL THINKING, THAT'S GOING TO BE REPLACED BY AI.

128

THAT'S WHERE THEY'RE GOING TO WANT TO SAVE MONEY.

129

AT DUOLINGO, THE CEO HAS SAID PRETTY MUCH THE SAME THING.

130

THEY'RE AI FIRST NOW.

131

THEY ALREADY CUT CONTRACTORS.

132

they're striking employees and not only that

133

but they're actually using AI as part of their evaluation process

134

so they're looking at how their employees are using AI in their day-to-day to make themselves more efficient

135

so it's not just enough to do your tasks well the company now wants you to prove

136

that you're using AI and you're thinking about how to improve the work you're doing with AI tools.

137

So before they approve new hires,

138

managers are also going to have to convince basically the company why AI can't do it and why they need a human.

139

But AI is also changing the application process for people going for these jobs,

140

both in terms of how the computers are now choosing,

141

sorting through the CV, sorting through tapes that people might send in.

142

So actually choosing who might make it to interview

143

as well as people using AI to be able to write their CVs

144

and applications and making it harder for them to stand out.

145

Yeah, exactly.

146

I mean, basically the job application process,

147

and you'll hear this from a lot of young hires,

148

young people in the workforce, that it is changing.

149

Basically, when you used to apply for a job,

150

people used to be involved pretty quickly.

151

They used to look at your resume.

152

They used to maybe give you a call, skim your skills.

153

But now for lots of companies,

154

the first reader is an algorithm.

155

It's AI.

156

Resumes are getting scanned by AI for keywords.

157

Some firms are using AI chatbots to ask reading questions.

158

Some AI programs are even analyzing video interviews to score your answers.

159

So by the time a human actually looks at your application,

160

you've already been ranked by a machine.

161

So essentially, AI is going to be part of the most important segment of the hiring process,

162

which is the beginning.

163

So a lot of people,

164

even in my close circle,

165

the way that you're applying for a job has changed.

166

You're going to look at the keywords

167

that you need to put in your application to make sure that you get flagged or chosen by these AI tools.

168

It's very formulaic.

169

That's why a lot of my friends are like,

170

I don't want to write a cover letter.

171

I just want to go into my resume and put in those keywords

172

that I need to get chosen because they know

173

that a person is not going to look at their application until much later.

174

Now let's hear the view from India.

175

I'm speaking to Varun Maya,

176

who is a YouTuber and founder of the generative AI company EOS.

177

Hi.

178

Hi.

179

Thank you for inviting me.

180

Yeah, it's great to speak to you.

181

So you're based in India.

182

How is AI affecting people's jobs there and which are the industries that are most affected?

183

To be very honest, I don't think AI has really affected too many jobs in India,

184

except for a little bit of exposure in software.

185

In India, salaries aren't really, really high.

186

So even if you are using a tool,

187

an AI tool, you'd still want a human being to sort of use

188

that tool and run it because the person has accountability,

189

the person has context.

190

But there's also this huge section of people in India and all over the world that,

191

you know, for lack of a better word,

192

their only job is to translate somebody else's instructions.

193

Somebody else has made those decisions,

194

has decided how it's going to be solved.

195

And they're just translating that into code.

196

You know, the original use case for Transformer was the technology behind LLMs was for translation.

197

So if you are doing that last piece,

198

somebody else has come up with the idea,

199

somebody else has written the spec,

200

somebody else is telling you this is exactly how you need to solve it,

201

this is the algorithm you need to use.

202

and then you're writing the code for it,

203

yeah, then you're in trouble.

204

I think we've had zero people in the team,

205

in my avatar team, that have lost their jobs.

206

So we've actually had more work and a larger team.

207

In fact, the average creator of about 2 million followers across Instagram,

208

YouTube, would have a team of about 10, 12 people.

209

Our team is slightly larger now.

210

It's about 16 people because the quantity of work,

211

we're also in a very hyper-connected world.

212

So this is not 10 years ago where you'd get like three or four opportunities.

213

Now you're getting like 30, 40 opportunities a month.

214

You want to take all of them on.

215

So we keep expanding the team to absorb some of those opportunities.

216

Farhan, I want to bring it back to grads and grad jobs,

217

because there is relatively high youth unemployment in India.

218

I think it's about 16 percent of under 24.

219

So I want to ask you,

220

given all of the changes to the job market and the technology that we have available,

221

and particularly these roles that we've talked about,

222

the ones that could easily be replaced by AI,

223

What advice would you give to a grad or a student

224

or a young person trying to get a job right now in all of these changes?

225

What I found to be really great for youngsters is to look at an industry that's growing really fast,

226

but there's increasing demand, but low supply of good talent or supply of tools are not very good.

227

The tools are not very competent.

228

And you feel you have a shot at beating those tools,

229

not just today, but for the next two, three years.

230

Farron, thank you so much for speaking to us.

231

Thank you for having me.

232

Natalia, what would your message be to people who are graduating now in this ever-changing world?

233

See AI as your co-pilot.

234

AI is going to take care of the menial tasks, the repetitive tasks.

235

Now this is actually giving you an opportunity,

236

for example, in college to maybe study things that are a little bit more considered soft skills.

237

So again, you're going to study computer science.

238

Why don't you go into philosophy?

239

Why don't you go into psychology?

240

basically experts are saying right now is what's valuable are soft skills,

241

critical thinking, judgment, essentially what makes us human.

242

So if you can tap into that,

243

if you can tap into what AI doesn't have,

244

what we can add to the AI process,

245

you're actually maybe going to get a more fulfilling job experience.

246

And again, industries like the healthcare industry or even the green tech industry.

247

And what I mean by that is like,

248

you know, let's say solar panel construction you're going to want to go to these industries that are using AI,

249

but that also need people in order to think about the ethics of it,

250

in order to think about how to improve these AI systems.

251

We're really going to need to tap into who we are as humans

252

and what makes us human in order to stay competitive in the job market.

253

Natalia, thank you.

254

Thank you.

255

That's it from us.

256

I hope you've enjoyed today's episode.

257

Please do check out some of our other ones

258

and also like, share, follow, subscribe you can find us right here on YouTube five days a week

259

and two of those days we are chatting away here in the studio with some of your favourite guests.

260

I'm Hannah, this is What in the World from the BBC World Service.

261

We'll see you next time.

TRENDING

Populares

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

☕ Pague-nos um café

O ShadowingEnglish permanece 100% gratuito graças ao seu apoio. Os custos de servidor e IA são altos — seu café nos mantém ativos! 🙏

Doar via PayPal

ShadowingEnglish.com – Prática de Shadowing em Inglês

Fale inglês fluentemente usando a técnica de Shadowing. Ouça vídeos nativos do YouTube, repita frase por frase e desenvolva pronúncia e fluência reais — usado por estudantes de IELTS no mundo todo.

Prática de Shadowing: How AI is changing the job market - What in the World podcast, BBC World Service - Aprenda a falar inglês com o YouTube

Populares

Por que praticar a conversação com este vídeo?

Gramática & Expressões no Contexto

Armadilhas Comuns de Pronúncia

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Prática de Shadowing: How AI is changing the job market - What in the World podcast, BBC World Service - Aprenda a falar inglês com o YouTube

Baixar aplicativo

Por que praticar a conversação com este vídeo?

Gramática & Expressões no Contexto

Armadilhas Comuns de Pronúncia

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?