Prática de Shadowing: What’s the best way to lift people out of poverty? - Aprenda a falar inglês com o YouTube

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In 2018, a non-profit gave every adult in western Kenya’s Ahenyo village $500.
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In 2018, a non-profit gave every adult in western Kenya’s Ahenyo village $500.
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Most of their families had lived in extreme poverty for generations, and this sum was roughly equivalent to most recipients’ annual salaries.
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Despite all this, the money came with no strings attached outside a commitment to speak with researchers after two years.
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They hoped this influx of cash would lift the villagers out of poverty.
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But they also knew this could easily be the latest in a long line of failed philanthropic interventions.
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In the 1960s, charitable organizations began ramping up their philanthropic efforts, spending billions funding education, job training, agricultural development, infrastructure projects, and health care programs in attempts to help poor countries.
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These programs hoped to create a springboard of knowledge and capital that would foster financial independence and bolster struggling economies.
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But when economists started studying this kind of aid in the late 90s and early 2000s, they made some surprising discoveries.
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After running various randomized control trials, where one group received education or job training and another group did not, the researchers found this kind of aid often had minimal impact.
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School supplies failed to improve education.
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Job training didn’t always raise incomes.
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And the benefits of nutrition education varied dramatically from group to group.
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These disappointing results even extended to newer philanthropic models.
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At this time, many theorists advocated heavily for microfinance, a model that offered small loans to aspiring entrepreneurs in weak economies.
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But while microfinance recipients consistently repaid their loans with interest, the programs failed to meaningfully raise their incomes.
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All these failures led researchers to consider a strategy many considered ridiculous: direct cash giving.
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Most philanthropists saw this approach as the worst kind of shortsighted philanthropy.
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They assumed recipients would quickly spend the cash and then end up back where they started.
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But when researchers returned to Ahenyo two years later, the results were astonishing.
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Business revenues were up 65%.
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Families saved more and ate more.
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Kids were doing better in school.
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There was less alcoholism, depression, domestic violence, and inequality between families.
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And these impacts weren’t unique to Ahenyo.
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Since this study, direct cash giving has become one of the most researched poverty interventions, and it's consistently shown impacts that often exceed traditional aid programs.
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In fact, a subsequent study spanning hundreds of Kenyan villages found the surrounding economy grew by more than twice what was given out just a year after the cash transfers.
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However, direct cash giving isn’t a silver bullet.
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Poverty is a generational issue that requires long-term changes to solve; and since this intervention is relatively new, we still don’t fully understand the effects of cash giving on extended timelines.
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For example, a Ugandan study beginning in 2008 found that while a cash transfer improved some families’ earnings over the first four years, the positive effect disappeared after the next five years.
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Then it returned again under the pressure of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Clearly, we still have a lot to learn about how cash giving unfolds over time.
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But regardless of what we learn in the future, the theory for why direct cash giving works can help change how we think about poverty today.
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Where traditional aid programs assume that philanthropists have the best knowledge of a community's needs, cash giving programs believe the people experiencing poverty best understand what they need to escape it.
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For example, perhaps for one person, repairing their home is more important to long-term success than starting a new business.
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And for another, ensuring their child can finish school might allow them to bring in more money in the future.
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Fortunately, we can afford this kind of help.
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Today, wealthy countries spend $200 billion a year in international aid, and philanthropists have a trillion and a half more sitting in private foundations.
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We already have the means to eliminate extreme poverty.
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But doing so will require these institutions to trust the expertise of the people actually living in these conditions.

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Por que praticar a fala com este vídeo?

Este vídeo oferece uma oportunidade única para melhorar a sua habilidade em melhorar a pronúncia em inglês, através da técnica de shadowing. Ao ouvir as histórias impactantes sobre a pobreza e as intervenções de doação de dinheiro, você pode se conectar emocionalmente ao conteúdo, tornando a prática de shadow speak mais significativa. Essa abordagem não apenas aumenta sua capacidade de repetir fala autêntica, mas também enriquece seu vocabulário e compreensão contextual. Ao praticar, você pode se familiarizar com o ritmo e a entonação natural, fundamentais para uma comunicação eficaz.

Gramática e Expressões no Contexto

No discurso do vídeo, várias estruturas gramaticais e expressões são utilizadas de forma eficaz. Aqui estão algumas que você pode analisar:

  • “They hoped this influx of cash would lift the villagers out of poverty.” – Essa frase ilustra o uso do futuro do subjuntivo, fundamental para expressar desejos e esperanças.
  • “But they also knew this could easily be the latest in a long line of failed philanthropic interventions.” – Observe o uso do verbo modal "could" para expressar possibilidade, uma construção comum em inglês que ajuda a relatar hipóteses.
  • “Direct cash giving has become one of the most researched poverty interventions.” – Aqui vemos o uso do presente perfeito, que é usado para descrever ações que têm relevância no presente.
  • “Poverty is a generational issue that requires long-term changes to solve.” – Esta frase contém um exemplo de substantivos compostos e o uso da forma passiva, que são essenciais para descrever problemas complexos.

Armadilhas Comuns de Pronúncia

O vídeo apresenta algumas palavras e expressões que podem ser desafiadoras para a pronúncia. Aqui estão algumas armadilhas comuns:

  • “philanthropic” – A pronúncia correta, /fɪˈlænθrəpɪk/, pode ser difícil devido ao número de sílabas. Pratique se concentrando na divisão silábica.
  • “interventions” – A palavra /ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃənz/ pode ser desafiadora para falantes não nativos. Use a técnica de shadowing para capturar a entonação correta.
  • “poverty” – A pronúncia de /ˈpɑːvərti/ pode causar confusão devido à sua sonoridade única. Enfatize a primeira sílaba para melhorar sua clareza.

Ao utilizar este conteúdo e as técnicas de shadowing, você pode aprimorar sua experiência de aprendizado de inglês e superar barreiras de comunicação. Pratique regularmente e explore as nuances da fala para se sentir mais confiante ao se comunicar em inglês.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

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