Prática de Shadowing: Why isn't the world covered in poop? - Eleanor Slade and Paul Manning - Aprenda a falar inglês com o YouTube

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The Dung Beetle Somewhere near you, an animal is defecating.
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The Dung Beetle Somewhere near you, an animal is defecating.
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In fact, each day, the animal kingdom produces roughly enough dung to match the volume of water pouring over the Victoria Falls.
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So why isn't the planet covered in the stuff?
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You can thank the humble dung beetle for eating up the excess.
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Capable of burying 250 times their body weight in a single night,
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these valiant insects make quick work of an endless stream of feces.
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Over 7,000 known species of dung beetle run cleanup duty across six continents, everywhere except Antarctica.
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A dung beetle's first task is to locate dung.
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Some live on the anal regions of larger animals,
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ready to leap off when they defecate.
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Others sniff out feces that animals leave behind.
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A pile of elephant dung can attract 4,000 beetles in 15 minutes.
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So once a beetle finds dung,
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it must work quickly to secure some of the bounty for itself.
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Most dung beetle species fall into one of three main groups— rollers, tunnelers, and dwellers.
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Dung rollers sculpt a ball of dung,
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and using their back legs,
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quickly roll it away from competitors.
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Potential partners jump on the ball,
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and once the ballmaker has selected their mate,
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the pair dig their dung ball into the soil.
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Once it's been buried, the female lays a single egg within the dung ball.
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Tunnelers have a different approach.
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Digging underneath a pad, some drag dung down into the soil and pack it into clumps known as brood balls,
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dung balls, or dung sausages,
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depending on their shape and size.
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Male tunnelers sport a spectacular array of horns to fight each other for control of these tunnels,
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which they then defend until the females laid her egg.
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Some male tunnelers avoid the fray by masquerading as hornless females
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and sneaking into tunnels to mate while the guardians' heads are turned.
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The third group of dung beetles,
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dwellers, take the most straightforward approach,
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laying their eggs directly into a dung pad.
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This makes their offspring more vulnerable to predation than those of the tunnelers and rollers.
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As the larvae feed, they riddle the dung pat with tunnels,
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leaving remains that are quickly colonized by bacteria and fungi and weathered away.
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Inside a tunnel, ball, or pat,
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once the larvae hatch, they consume the dung before metamorphosing into a pupa and then an adult beetle.
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Besides clearing dung, the actions of these beetles have considerable ecological importance.
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For one, they serve as secondary seed dispersers.
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Dung from monkeys, wild pigs,
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and other animals is riddled with seeds from the fruits they eat.
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When beetles bury their dung balls,
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they inadvertently protect these seeds from predators and increase the likelihood they'll germinate.
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The advantage is so great that one South African plant has evolved to produce seeds that look and smell like dung,
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like dung, to trick beetles into burying them.
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Dung beetles also play important roles in agricultural systems.
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Livestock like cows and sheep produce huge amounts of dung,
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which contains nutrients that can benefit plants.
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The beetles break up the dung and tunnel it deep into the soil,
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bringing the nutrients into close contact with plant roots.
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Their services to farmers have been valued at $380 million a year in the US
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and 367 million pounds a year in the UK.
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Dung beetles can even help us battle global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with farming.
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Microbes living in oxygen-poor livestock dung produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas.
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But beetles oxygenate pats when they tunnel into them,
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preventing the microbes from producing methane.
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The dung beetle spreads seeds,
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helps farmers, and fights climate change,
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and accomplishes it all simply by doing its business.
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Maybe next time you come across some dung in the forest or a field,
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you'll be tempted to take a closer look.
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If you want to learn more about nature's pooper scoopers,
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We highly recommend Animal Weapons by Douglas J.
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Emlin.
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This book includes more wildly fascinating facts about dung beetles and digs deep into the survival strategies of animals around the world.
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Read our full recommendation and snag a copy by visiting ed.ted.com slash books.
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Check out the comment section to learn more.

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Sobre Esta Lição

Nesta lição, você irá praticar o inglês com um tema fascinante sobre besouros de estrume e seu papel crucial no ecossistema. Vamos explorar como esses insetos se alimentam de fezes e a importância ecológica que possuem. Você terá a oportunidade de aprender vocabulário específico relacionado a esses animais e suas funções, ao mesmo tempo em que melhora sua habilidade de prática de conversação em inglês e sua pronúncia.

Vocabulário e Frases-Chave

  • dung beetle - besouro de estrume
  • defecating - defecando
  • species - espécies
  • burial - sepultamento
  • ecological importance - importância ecológica
  • seed dispersers - dispersores de sementes
  • larvae - larvas
  • predation - predação

Dicas de Prática

Para maximizar o benefício desta lição, aconselhamos que você utilize a técnica de shadowing em inglês. Essa prática, conhecida como shadowspeak, envolve ouvir atentamente o que é dito no vídeo e tentar imitar a pronúncia e o ritmo imediatamente após. Os falantes no vídeo podem ter um tom divertido e animado, o que ajuda a tornar o aprendizado mais cativante.

Comece ouvindo pequenos trechos do vídeo e repita-os em voz alta. Foque em partes curtas que não excedam 10-15 segundos. Isso ajudará você a melhorar a pronúncia em inglês e a internalizar a estrutura das frases. Assim que se sentir confortável com a repetição, experimente aumentar a duração dos trechos que você pratica.

Lembre-se de que a prática regular é fundamental. Portanto, escute o vídeo várias vezes e tente seguir o tom e a entonação dos falantes. A repetição e o contexto permitirão que você absorva tanto o vocabulário quanto a mecânica do inglês falado, além de facilitar sua prática de conversação em inglês no futuro.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

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