Практика Shadowing: E.O. Wilson: Advice to young scientists - Изучайте разговорный английский с YouTube
C2
Reviewer Gopalco
186 предложений
Если предложения слишком короткие или длинные, нажмите Edit, чтобы их изменить.
1
Reviewer Gopalco
2
What I'm going to do is to just give a few notes,
3
and this is from a book I'm preparing called Letters to a Young Scientist.
4
And I thought it'd be appropriate to present it on the basis
5
that I have had extensive experience in teaching counseling sciences across the broad array of fields.
6
And you might like to hear some of the principles that I've developed in doing that teaching and counseling.
7
So let me begin by urging you,
8
particularly you on the youngster side,
9
on this path you've chosen to go as far as you can.
10
The world needs you badly.
11
Humanity is now fully into the techno-scientific age.
12
There's going to be no turning back.
13
Although varying among disciplines, say astrophysics,
14
molecular genetics, to immunology, to microbiology,
15
to public health, to the new area of the human body of the symbiont,
16
to public health, environmental science,
17
Knowledge in medical science and science overall is doubling every 15 to 20 years.
18
Technology is increasing at a comparable rate.
19
Between them, the two already pervade,
20
as most of you here seated realize,
21
every dimension of human life.
22
So swift is the velocity of the techno-scientific revolution,
23
so startling in its countless twists and turns that no one can predict its outcome,
24
even a decade from the present moment.
25
There'll come a time, of course,
26
when the exponential growth of discovery and knowledge,
27
which actually began in the 1600s,
28
has to peak and level off,
29
but that's not going to matter to you.
30
The revolution is going to continue for at least several more decades.
31
It'll render the human condition radically different from what it is today.
32
Traditional fields of study are going to continue to grow and in so doing,
33
inevitably they will meet and create new disciplines.
34
In time, all of science will come to be a continuum of description and explanation of networks of principles and laws.
35
That's why you need not just be training in one specialty,
36
but also acquire breadth in other fields related to and even distant from your own initial choice.
37
Keep your your eyes lifted and your head turning.
38
The thirst for knowledge is in our genes.
39
It was put there by our distant ancestors who spread across the world and it's never going to be quenched.
40
To understand
41
and use it sanely as a part of the civilization yet
42
to evolve requires a vastly larger population of scientifically trained people like you In education,
43
medicine, law, diplomacy, government, business,
44
and the media that exists today,
45
our political leaders need at least a modest degree of scientific literacy,
46
which most badly lack today.
47
No applause, please.
48
It will be better for all if they prepared before entering office rather than learning on the job.
49
Therefore, you will do well to act on the side,
50
no matter how far into the laboratory you may go to serve as teachers during the span of your career.
51
I'll now proceed quickly and before else to a subject
52
that is both a vital asset and a potential barrier to a scientific career.
53
If you are a bit short in mathematical skills, don't worry.
54
Many of the most successful scientists at work today are mathematically semi-literate.
55
A metaphor will serve here,
56
where elite mathematicians and statisticians and theorists often serve as architects in the expanding realm of science.
57
The remaining large majority of basic applied scientists,
58
including a large portion of those who could be said to be of the first rank,
59
are the ones who map the terrain,
60
they scout the frontiers, they cut the pathways,
61
they raised the buildings along the way.
62
Some may have considered me foolhardy,
63
but it's been my habit to brush aside the fear of mathematics when talking to candidate scientists.
64
During 41 years of teaching biology at Harvard,
65
I watched sadly as bright students turned away from the possibility of a scientific career
66
or even from taking non-required courses in in science because they were afraid of failure.
67
These math phobes deprived science and medicine of immeasurable amounts of badly needed talent.
68
Here's how to relax your anxieties if you have them.
69
Understand that mathematics is a language ruled like other verbal languages,
70
unlike verbal languages generally, by its own grammar and system of logic.
71
Any person with average quantitative intelligence who learns to read and write mathematics at an elementary level will,
72
as in verbal languages, have little difficulty picking up most of the fundamentals
73
if they choose to master the math speak of most disciplines of science.
74
The longer you wait to become at least semi-literate,
75
the harder language of mathematics will be to master,
76
just as again in any verbal language,
77
but it can be done as in any age,
78
I speak as an authority on that subject because I'm an extreme case.
79
I didn't take algebra until my freshman year at the University of Alabama.
80
They didn't teach it before then.
81
I finally got around to calculus as a 32-year-old tenured professor
82
at Harvard where I sat uncomfortably in classes with undergraduate students little more than half my age.
83
A couple of them were students in a course I was giving on evolutionary biology.
84
I swallowed my pride and I learned calculus.
85
I found out that in science and all its applications,
86
what is crucial is not that technical ability,
87
but it is imagination and all of its applications.
88
The ability to form concepts with images of entities and processes pictured by intuition.
89
I found out that advances in science rarely come upstream.
90
From an ability to stand on a blackboard and conjure images from unfolding mathematical proposition and equations,
91
they are instead the products of downstream imagination leading to hard work during
92
which mathematical reasoning may or may not prove to be relevant.
93
Ideas emerge when a part of the real or imagined world is studied for its own sake.
94
The foremost important is a thorough,
95
well-organized knowledge
96
of all that is known of the relevant entities and processes that might be involved in that domain you propose to enter.
97
When something new is discovered as logical,
98
then one of the follow-up steps is to find the mathematical and statistical methods to move its analysis forward.
99
If that step proves too difficult,
100
The person or team that made the discovery,
101
a mathematician can then be added by them as a collaborator.
102
Consider the following principle, which I will modestly call Wilson's principle number one.
103
It is far easier for scientists,
104
including medical researchers, to acquire needed collaboration in mathematics
105
and statistics than it is for mathematicians and statisticians to find scientists able to make use of their equations.
106
It's important in choosing the direction you take in science is to find the subject of your level,
107
at your level of competence that interests you deeply and focus on that.
108
Keep in mind then, Wilson's second principle.
109
For every scientist, whether researcher,
110
technician, teacher, manager, or businessman,
111
working at any level of mathematical competence,
112
there exists a discipline in science or medicine for which that level is enough to achieve excellence.
113
Now, I'm going to offer,
114
quickly, several more principles that will be useful in organizing your education,
115
a career or if you're teaching,
116
to how you might enhance your own teaching and counseling of young scientists.
117
In selecting a subject in which to conduct original research or to develop world-class expertise,
118
take a part of the chosen discipline that is sparsely inhabited.
119
Judge opportunity by how few other students and researchers are on hand.
120
This is not to de-emphasize the essential requirement of broad training or the value of apprenticing yourself
121
in ongoing research to programs of high quality.
122
It is important also to acquire older mentors within these successful programs
123
and to make friends and colleagues of your age for mutual support.
124
But through it all, look for a way to break out,
125
to find the field and subject not yet popular.
126
We have seen this demonstrated already in the talks preceding mine.
127
There is the quickest way advances are likely to occur as measured in discoveries per investigator per year.
128
You may have heard the military dictum for the gathering of armies.
129
March to the sound of the guns.
130
In science, the exact opposite is the case.
131
March away from the sound of the guns.
132
So, Wilson's principle number three,
133
march away from the sound of the gun,
134
observe from a distance, but do not join the fray.
135
Make a fray of your own.
136
Once you have settled on a specialty and a profession you can love,
137
and you've secured opportunity, your potential to succeed will be greatly enhanced if you study it enough to become an expert.
138
There are thousands of professionally delimited subjects sprinkled through physics and chemistry to biology and medicine,
139
and on then into the social sciences where it is possible in short time to acquire the status of an authority.
140
When the subject is still very thinly populated,
141
you can with diligence and hard work become the world authority.
142
The world needs this kind of expertise,
143
and it rewards the kind of people willing to acquire it.
144
The existing information and what you self-discover may at first seem skimpy and difficult to connect to other bodies of knowledge.
145
Well, if that's the case, good.
146
Why hard instead of easy?
147
The answer deserves to be stated as principle number four.
148
In the attempt to make scientific discoveries,
149
every problem is an opportunity,
150
and the more difficult the problem,
151
the greater will be the importance of its solution.
152
Now this brings me to a basic categorization in the way scientific discoveries are made.
153
Scientists, pure mathematicians among them,
154
follow one or the other of two pathways.
155
First, through early discoveries, a problem is identified,
156
and a solution is sought.
157
The problem may be relatively small,
158
for example, Where exactly in a cruise ship does the norovirus begin to spread?
159
Or larger, what's the role of dark matter in the expansion of the universe?
160
As the answer is sought,
161
other phenomena are typically discovered and other questions are asked.
162
This first of the two strategies is like a hunter exploring a forest in search of a particular quarry,
163
who finds other quarries along the way.
164
The second strategy of research is to study a subject broadly,
165
searching for unknown phenomena or patterns of known phenomena,
166
like a hunter in what we call the naturalist trance.
167
The researcher mind is open to anything interesting, any quarry worth taking.
168
The search is not for the solution of the problem,
169
but for problems themselves worth solving.
170
The two strategies of research,
171
original research, can be stated as follows in the final principle I'm going to offer you.
172
For every problem in a given discipline of science,
173
there exists a species or entity or phenomenon ideal for its solution.
174
And conversely, for every species or other entity or phenomenon,
175
there exist important problems for the solution of which those particular objects of research are ideally suited.
176
Find out what they are.
177
You'll find your own way to discover, to learn, to teach.
178
The decades ahead will see dramatic advances in disease,
179
prevention, general health, the quality of life.
180
All of humanity depends on the knowledge and practice of the medicine and the science behind it you will master.
181
You have chosen a calling that will come in steps to give you satisfaction at its conclusion of a life well lived,
182
and I thank you for having me here tonight.
183
Oh, thank you.
184
Thank you very much.
185
I see you too.
186
you
Скачать приложение
ИИ-оценка каждого произнесённого вами предложения
TRENDING
Популярные
Контекст и фон
В этом видео известный биолог и педагог Э. О. Уилсон делится важными советами для молодых ученых. Он подчеркивает, как быстро развивается наука и технологии, а также необходимость широкой подготовки в различных областях знаний. Уилсон обсуждает, что в будущем научные дисциплины будут взаимодействовать друг с другом, и как важно не ограничиваться одной специальностью. Его мысли могут служить вдохновением для тех, кто стремится улучшить свои навыки в английском языке и научной сфере.
Топ-5 фраз для повседневного общения
- «Мир очень нуждается в вас.» - это утверждение подчеркивает важность каждого человека в обществе.
- «Знания удваиваются каждые 15-20 лет.» - актуальное напоминание о том, насколько быстро развивается информация.
- «Тоска по знаниям заложена в наших генах.» - эта фраза демонстрирует естественную потребность человека в обучении.
- «Научная грамотность актуальна для всех.» - призыв к важности научных знаний в политике и обществе.
- «Действуйте на стороне науки.» - побуждение к активному поиску знаний и обучения.
Пошаговое руководство по шадоуингу
Чтобы эффективно практиковать shadowing с использованием этого видео, следуйте следующим шагам:
- Слушайте внимательно. Прежде чем пытаться повторить, прослушайте отрывок несколько раз, чтобы понять общий контекст и смысл.
- Выберите фразы. Выпишите несколько ключевых фраз, упомянутых выше, и проанализируйте их структуру.
- Слушайте и говорите одновременно. Включите видео и четко произносите вместе с оратором, обращая внимание на интонацию и ударения.
- Записывайте свой голос. Сравните свое произношение с оригиналом. Это поможет вам улучшить произношение английского и выявить недостатки.
- Практикуйте регулярно. Включайте shadow speech в свою ежедневную практику. Чем больше вы будете повторять, тем легче станет говорить на английском.
Используя метод shadow speak, вы сможете не только улучшить произношение, но и расширить свои знания в различных областях, что особенно актуально в современном мире, где наука и технологии играют значительную роль.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.
☕ Угостите нас кофе
ShadowingEnglish остаётся 100% бесплатным благодаря вашей поддержке. Стоимость серверов и ИИ высока — ваш кофе поддерживает нас! 🙏