Практика Shadowing: What happens when the permafrost thaws? | BBC Ideas - Изучайте разговорный английский с YouTube

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When you think of the Arctic, maybe you picture this.
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When you think of the Arctic, maybe you picture this.
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Or this.
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Or this.
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You're not going to imagine a piece of scrubby brown dirt.
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That brown dirt is permafrost.
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No one is born, like, fascinated with permafrost.
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I do find it exciting to think about different sediments and so on.
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You don't have to pretend.
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But what permafrost does is of huge importance to the entire planet.
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This is a map of permafrost and you see in purple here,
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the dark purple especially, the areas that are permafrost.
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Around 11% of the Earth's landmass is covered by permafrost.
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Half of Canada, two-thirds of Russia, even the Tibetan plateau.
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And this place, the remote Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard.
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...the Arctic and Antarctic regions composed of organic material...
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In two words, it's frozen ground.
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Where is it?
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Here, here, here, here, here.
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Permafrost is rock, sediment or ice that remains at or below zero degrees Celsius for two or more consecutive years.
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Most of it has been frozen for much, much longer than that.
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Arctic permafrost tends to be a few thousand years old and areas in Antarctica we find permafrost that's millions of years old.
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But just because it's ancient doesn't mean all the permafrost is always frozen.
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We have what we call the active layer.
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The active layer sits on top of the permafrost and thaws and freezes on an annual basis.
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We'll come here with a metal probe.
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We poke through the ground every week.
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We take a measure of how far the thaw has evolved through the summer,
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and then the maximum depth at each point will represent the active layer depth for that year.
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This active layer allows for different ecosystems to sit on top
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of the permafrost from huge forests to treeless plains known as the tundra.
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But this delicate balance is now being disrupted by climate change.
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I've got pictures here that show the mean annual temperature and you can see basically the blue areas that are on here.
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These areas would expect to be permafrosted.
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This is gradually becoming redder and redder.
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The Arctic, it's warming at three to four times the rate of the rest of the planet.
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This kind of weather, it's not supposed to be like this in October.
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It's supposed to be minus 15.
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Clear, dry climate.
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And it's not.
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It's a rainstorm.
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As temperatures rise, the permafrost is thawing.
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On average, the active layer has been deepening about 0.6 cm per year for the last 10 years,
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which is about this much.
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But think about that through the whole landscape.
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We're seeing that the active layer is getting deeper and deeper in permafrost regions around the world.
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It creates immediate impacts.
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As the surface of the permafrost thaws downwards,
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many things that were frozen are uncovered.
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This could include as many as 10 million woolly mammoths.
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And there are fears that ancient viruses could reawaken and infect humans.
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But there's something else which concerns scientists much more.
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The scariest thing that is happening with permafrost is what it is doing to the climate itself.
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Permafrost acts as a storage.
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It locks up the carbon from dead vegetation quite effectively and it's accumulated over many thousands of years.
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we have this organic matter that's stored in the freezer.
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And as soon as you open the freezer door,
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then that becomes available to decay.
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There's estimated to be four times more carbon trapped in permafrost than all of the human-generated CO2 emissions in modern history.
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The release into the atmosphere of even a fraction of this as carbon dioxide
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and methane will have a profound effect on the climate.
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The more greenhouse gases that are in the atmosphere,
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the warmer the climate, the thicker the active layer,
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and the more greenhouse gases can escape from that portion of the permafrost that was locked away.
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There's sort of an underlying flow level of change slowly creeping up on us.
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People will frame permafrost thought as something that is a future catastrophe,
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when actually there is a catastrophe going on right now for people who live on top of permafrost.
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People like Jessie, who lives here in the Inyavik region of the Northwest Territories in Arctic Canada.
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Just being out on the land,
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it really puts my soul at ease.
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This is the land that our ancestors have walked in.
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When I was younger, I didn't really know what permafrost was.
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In recent years, it's been thawing fairly rapidly.
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The most obvious way that the permafrost melting impacts on human society is
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that the ground that was once really solid and hard suddenly becomes squishy.
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There are things called thermocast mega slumps,
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which is a fantastic name for a band.
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The ground kind of collapses in on itself and creates these huge craters.
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There's one in Arctic Russia,
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which is called the Doorway to the Underworld,
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and it's getting bigger by the day.
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And you have large masses of land just flowing away because they're no longer solid.
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I see the wounds in the landscape from the landslides,
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and it reminds me that the whole earth is crying out.
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It's a wounded earth.
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So this is the old hospital building.
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We're going to go on the back of it.
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That's where you can really see the damage.
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We noticed that our home was starting to crack.
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So me and my dad,
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we always tried to just adapt to it to keep our house level.
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Buildings start to crack.
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The roads will buckle, power lines will tear.
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We just try to fix things for now and just take it like year by year.
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People have lived in the Arctic for thousands of years now and they're seeing unprecedented changes to their environment.
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In Eklavik our motto is never say die.
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So when it floods or when our roads start to disappear there are still people
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that live here and love it here and they wouldn't want to move anywhere else.
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Knowing that all of this ice is going to melt underneath us makes me a little bit scared for the future.
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Permafrost thaw could bring some new possibilities,
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from mining areas opening up to the potential to grow new crops.
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But both could exacerbate climate change and be of little consolation to the people losing their homes.
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In terms of slowing down or stopping this,
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is there anything we can do?
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Um...
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I guess.. not really.
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The thing we can do is to stop climate from warming in the first place.
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There isn't, unfortunately, very much we can do if we warm the planet to then stop the permafrost from melting.
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One cold winter will not freeze back permafrost.
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What we can do is make more informed decisions and make sure
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that we build communities that are resilient to changes that are going to occur.
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If they continue to listen to our people about all the stuff that's happening,
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then that gives me a little bit of hope.
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I think this is the beginnings of us starting to think in a way
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that highlights the more entangled ways that humans exist with nature and their environments.
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There's a lot of northern folks all around the globe.
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They all have their own traditions and values.
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I think my message would just be to help us out up here,
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you know, be a part of a solution.

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Почему стоит практиковать разговорный английский с этим видео?

Это видео о таянии многолетней мерзлоты в Арктике предоставляет уникальную возможность для практики разговорного английского. Оно затрагивает важные экологические темы и помогает расширить словарный запас, а также развить умение выражать свои мысли на английском языке. Понимание контекста и использование специализированной лексики о климате делает данное видео замечательным инструментом для практики разговорного английского. Выбирая такие материалы для практики разговорного английского, вы улучшаете не только свой уровень языка, но и способности к критическому мышлению.

Грамматика и выражения в контексте

В этом видео спикер использует несколько ключевых грамматических структур и выражений, которые полезны для улучшения вашей разговорной речи. Рассмотрим некоторые из них:

  • “Where is it?” – Простое и эффективное использование вопросительных предложений.
  • “This could include as many as 10 million woolly mammoths.” – Структура "could include" помогает выразить возможность, что важно для разговорной практики.
  • “As temperatures rise, the permafrost is thawing.” – Использование причастий для описания действий, происходящих одновременно.
  • “This delicate balance is now being disrupted by climate change.” – Пассивный залог дает возможность говорить о последствиях изменений.

Эти конструкции обеспечивают не только грамматическую правильность, но и разнообразие в построении фраз, что важно для shadow speech.

Распространенные трудности произношения

Во время прослушивания видео может возникнуть ряд трудностей с произношением отдельных слов и акцентов. Обратите внимание на следующие моменты:

  • “Permafrost” – это слово с трудным сочетанием согласных. Уделите внимание его произношению в различных контекстах.
  • “Thawing” – особенно будьте внимательны к звуку "th", который часто вызывает трудности у изучающих английский.
  • “Ecosystems” – акцент на втором слоге может возникать при быстрой речи, поэтому старайтесь отрабатывать ударения.

Разработка навыков произношения на таких примерах поможет вам достичь уверенности в разговорном английском и улучшить вашу практику разговорного английского через shadowspeak.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

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