Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: How to get your best night’s sleep - What in the World podcast, BBC World Service

Hey guys, how did you sleep last night?

⏸ Tạm dừng

Tốc độ:

249 câu

Nếu các câu quá ngắn hoặc quá dài, hãy bấm Edit để chỉnh sửa.

Hey guys, how did you sleep last night?

Were you out like a light as soon as your head hit the pillow?

Or was it a bit more tossing and turning with those racing thoughts?

We've all been there.

Well, experts have been looking into the different stages of sleep for a really long time,

and it turns out there actually might be more stages of sleep than we originally thought.

That's what we're getting into in today's episode.

We're finding out what happens to our bodies when we go to sleep,

why some people find it harder than others to get to sleep

and some advice on how to get a better night's sleep as well.

I'm Mick Rutheruk and this is What's in the World from the BBC World Service.

I'm here with Caroline Steele who has been looking into all of the science behind the sleep.

She's the gal who's in the know.

First off Caroline, how did you sleep last night?

Not very well.

It maybe took me like an hour and a half to fall asleep

and then I woke up hot so I opened the window

and then I got woken up by birds

and then the bins being collected yeah so not a disaster

but I'm not feeling my best oh no sorry to hear

that well how do you normally sleep what kind of sleeper

are you I take a long time to fall asleep yeah

and then if I wake up I take a long time to fall back asleep

so I'd say in general I'm a bad sleeper and I kind of feel like I'm constantly on a quest to

like work out how to fall asleep better

but i'm i'm not very good at it i feel like i can pretty much lie my head down anywhere

and i'll get to sleep oh bit of a bit of a skill i don't mean to brag i'm

so jealous

when you fall asleep on a train that's what i'm always

really jealous yeah yeah head in their hand kind of embarrassing sometimes as well okay

so you're the opposite of me

if i want to fall asleep i have to have this

eye mask i have to have earplugs as well i take take these with me everywhere I go

and I use a lamp to wake me up in the morning

that sort of mimics sunrise and I feel like that maybe helps.

Why is there such a difference sometimes then?

Some people finding it much harder than others to get to sleep.

So there's lots of different reasons.

It's partly a genetic lottery so there are thousands of different genes which influence how easily we do or don't fall asleep.

So it's partly kind of the hand you're dealt when you're born.

It's also down to feeling safe.

So if you don't feel safe in that moment,

it's really hard to fall asleep.

So if you imagine trying to fall asleep with your front door wide open,

that would be hard, right?

But it's also down to how safe you felt as a child.

Some research shows that if you felt unsafe or were neglected as a child,

you can become wired to be super alert,

which is a really useful adaptation if you're growing up in an unsafe environment.

But when you're older, you're safe,

you're tired and you just want to sleep well, it's not so helpful.

And it's also down to our mental health.

You know, if you're more anxious,

if you've got sort of more racing thoughts,

that's also been shown to keep you up at night.

There is a lot of different factors affecting the quality of the sleep.

I wanted to talk a little bit about the science behind all of this

and what actually happens to our bodies when we go to sleep.

What do we know about that?

Yeah, so it's quite hard to study sleep.

We don't know everything, but we do know that there is a collection of brain cells,

a collection of neurons in the hypothalamus,

which is part of the brain that's sort of responsible for regulating our body function.

And they're synchronised with the outside world.

So they're synchronised with when it's light and dark outside.

And during the day when it's light,

they're more active and they do things like increasing your heart rate,

increasing your body temperature.

And then at night they calm down a bit,

they become less active, your heart rate decreases,

your body temperature decreases, all sort of in preparation for you falling asleep.

And then there's also this really interesting chemical called adenosine,

which basically builds up in your brain as you're awake,

as your brain cells are hard at work, they make adenosine.

And adenosine sort of gives you this pressure and need to fall asleep.

And luckily, once you do fall asleep,

your brain sort of clears it and you wake up the next day feeling refreshed.

But yeah, it's down to the buildup of adenosine

and these incredible cells in your brain that are synchronised with the outside world.

All right, well, we've been finding out what happens to the body when we don't get enough sleep.

Jonathan Tam is a sleep doctor, an expert.

He sent us this.

Let's have a listen.

You don't sleep during the night.

You can't process the things you've done during the day.

You can't lay down the memories of the new things that you've done.

And you may be more affected by any traumatic experiences that have happened.

We know sleep is important for our immune system,

so if you don't get it,

you may not be able to throw off those pesky colds as easily,

and you may not respond to vaccines as well.

During the day, toxins can build up in our brain.

These are removed during sleep,

and there's some evidence to suggest that if they're not,

we may be more at risk for conditions like Alzheimer's disease later in life.

quite apart from all of this your brain knows just how important sleep is

and if you don't get it one night

and the next day it will make you feel exhausted to encourage you to get more i know

that you recently went to a sleep lab right what happened there what what did you go through

100

so i went to a sleep lab in cardiff in wales

101

which was really really interesting they sort of have all these rooms

102

which are sort of designed for a perfect night's sleep they've got no windows so There's no light to wake you up.

103

They're at the perfect temperature.

104

So everything's sort of in favour of you falling asleep,

105

apart from the fact that they put electrodes on your scalp,

106

which isn't super comfortable.

107

So I sort of had a cap with electrodes attached to

108

the skin on my scalp to monitor my brain as I was falling asleep.

109

And so they're sort of looking for two things in particular.

110

They're looking for alpha waves,

111

which are a sign that you're conscious and aware.

112

So when your alpha waves sort of disappear,

113

it shows that you're falling asleep

114

and they're also looking for signs of rapid eye movement

115

which is one of the stages of sleep

116

so it can sort of tell you at what stage of sleep you are

117

unfortunately I didn't fall asleep oh no I was gonna say

118

you must have fallen asleep you're in a sleep lab I didn't fall asleep

119

which was yeah really frustrating I think the added pressure of

120

being like I'm in a sleep lab I want to learn about my brain

121

when I'm asleep I must fall asleep I just sort of lay there really frustrated.

122

But I got to see my sort of brain graph afterwards,

123

which was really interesting.

124

I could see the alpha waves becoming more spaced out and sort of less frequent as I was sort of drifting off.

125

But then I'd suddenly jolt back awake and the alpha waves would be back.

126

So yeah, it was a very frustrating experience.

127

Yeah.

128

Oh my gosh.

129

But we heard about those sleep stages there with the REM stage as well.

130

I wondered if you could talk me through that a little bit more

131

because there could be more sleep stages than we thought, right?

132

Yeah.

133

So it's sort of generally accepted that there are four stages of sleep.

134

There's light sleep, deeper sleep,

135

the deepest sleep, and then REM sleep.

136

That's the rapid eye movement sleep,

137

which is what happens when you're sort of dreaming and your eyes are darting all over the place.

138

And we sort of cycle through those stages about once every 90 minutes.

139

But I interviewed a scientist from the University of Oxford who's looked at people asleep in MRI scanners,

140

and he thinks there could be as many as 19 different stages of sleep.

141

Yeah, which is really interesting

142

and he thinks we don't sort of necessarily go through them one after the other

143

so we don't go one two three four five six we

144

could go stage four stage nine stage twelve stage two and

145

that there's sort of a many different routes into sleep

146

but for now sort of more research needed and what

147

if you enter a different stage at just a much later time than you normally would like for example

148

probably lots of listeners can relate to coming back from a

149

night out at 3 a.m do we know what What happens to the body then?

150

Does it go into a certain stage or what happens?

151

Well, you're still, if we're talking about the four stages of sleep,

152

you'll still sort of progress through the different stages.

153

But if you have to wake up at a certain time,

154

it might be that you end up sort of getting yanked out of sleep at,

155

say, a really deep stage of sleep when you weren't really ready to wake up.

156

So as well as getting enough sleep,

157

it's great if you can wake up at the right point in your sleep cycle so you don't sort of feel that,

158

you know, when your alarm goes off and it feels really jarring,

159

that can be avoided if you can sync up with your sleep cycle.

160

And I know you're not an expert,

161

but you've been through the journeys.

162

You're still going through the journey.

163

Do you have any advice for getting a good night's sleep?

164

What's helped you?

165

Oh, there's so many different things you can do.

166

I guess it's kind of,

167

it's worth working out what it is that's stopping you from falling asleep.

168

So it could be your environment,

169

which is great if you can change it.

170

So you want to be in a dark room.

171

So if you're not in a dark room,

172

get an eye mask like me.

173

You want to be in a quiet space.

174

If it's not quiet, I would recommend using earplugs.

175

You want it to be a good temperature,

176

so about 19 degrees, which I know is really hard if you're somewhere where it's hot and it's summer.

177

I'm struggling with that at the moment.

178

So I'm using a fan and leaving my window open.

179

But with that comes extra noise.

180

So it's difficult.

181

If you're someone who's kept up by anxiety and racing thoughts,

182

it's a good idea to try and do something before bed that will distract you from those.

183

So the sort of research shows that,

184

you know, doing things like reading a book

185

that takes you into another world or chatting to a friend or something like that could really help.

186

And then not doing things like drinking caffeine that can make a huge difference.

187

So caffeine is incredible.

188

It blocks the receptors in our brains for adenosine,

189

which is the chemical I mentioned before that sort of builds up and makes us feel tired.

190

So it can really help if you're feeling sort of symptoms of sleepiness,

191

but then it can stop you falling asleep later.

192

So avoiding things like caffeine,

193

avoiding alcohol which also disrupts your duration and quality of sleep as well.

194

Okay well let's bring in the expert on this we've got

195

some sleep tips for you all you heard from Jonathan Tam

196

the sleep doctor a little bit earlier let's bring him back and see what his tips are.

197

We can help sleep by trying to help our body clock you can do

198

that by getting up at roughly same time every day and seeking light when you do,

199

but avoiding it later into the evenings.

200

You can also get into trouble if you spend a lot of time in bed awake,

201

at which point you might start to associate your bed,

202

bedroom, even the act of trying to sleep with wakefulness.

203

So if you are having trouble with your sleep,

204

it's important only to go to bed when you start feeling sleepy to not have a rigid bedtime.

205

And if you do find yourself lying in bed awake for long periods,

206

then simply get up, go somewhere else and do something else until you feel sleepy.

207

If you're choosing to do other things in the bedroom like reading,

208

watching television, even working, try and take those things somewhere else and save the bedroom for sleep and intimacy with partners.

209

But through all of this it's important to recognise that sleep isn't something you can try to do.

210

It's something that comes to you and if it doesn't,

211

well sometimes you just have to give yourself a bit of slack and let it come to you.

212

Now a couple of bad nights here and there are part of life

213

but if you find yourself sleeping badly for more than three months it's definitely time to see a doctor.

214

So I know you know you went on this personal mission

215

for this documentary has your sleep improved since then have you discovered more about your sleep at least since then?

216

I've definitely discovered more about my sleep and my sleep has improved but not for

217

probably the reason you'd think it it would

218

so I every morning I wake up I have a coffee

219

and then sort of throughout the day I'll have a couple

220

of decaf coffees I normally have a decaf coffee before bed as well

221

and I went to replace my coffee pods a couple of weeks ago

222

and I realized

223

that my decaf pod was sat box of pods was sat where my caffeinated pods should be

224

and my caffeinated pods were sat where my decaf pods should be

225

so for the last three months and while making this program

226

and

227

while going to the sleep lab i'd been waking up having a decaf coffee wondering why i still felt awful

228

and then just before bed drinking caffeine

229

so i'd say really pay attention to to what what coffee you're drinking

230

so yeah since i fixed that i'm sleeping much better

231

but not for any reason other than you know realizing i

232

made a really stupid mistake before oh well at least She got there in the end.

233

Got there in the end.

234

But yeah, three months of bad sleep just due to accidentally putting my caffeinated pods in the wrong place.

235

Oh my gosh.

236

Caroline, thank you so much for coming on, chatting all things sleep.

237

I learned a lot and I hope you get some good sleep as well.

238

Thank you.

239

I'll try.

240

I don't know about you guys,

241

but I'm taking notes of all of those sleep tips.

242

It's been so useful.

243

What's helped you guys get a better night's sleep in the past?

244

Comment below.

245

We're going to read all of them.

246

Like and subscribe too.

247

You've been watching What in the World from the BBC World Service.

248

I'm Mick Riff Rook, and we'll see you guys next time.

249

Night.

TRENDING

Phổ biến

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?

Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.

ShadowingEnglish.com – Luyện Nói Tiếng Anh Bằng Shadowing

Nói tiếng Anh lưu loát với phương pháp Shadowing — nghe người bản xứ, đọc theo từng câu, rèn phản xạ ngôn ngữ thật sự. Được hàng ngàn người học IELTS tin dùng.

Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: How to get your best night’s sleep - What in the World podcast, BBC World Service

Phổ biến

Giới Thiệu Bài Học Này

Từ Vựng & Cụm Từ Quan Trọng

Mẹo Thực Hành

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?

Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: How to get your best night’s sleep - What in the World podcast, BBC World Service

Tải Ứng Dụng

Giới Thiệu Bài Học Này

Từ Vựng & Cụm Từ Quan Trọng

Mẹo Thực Hành

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?