Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Why Humans Should Merge with AI | D. Scott Phoenix | TED
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So if you're like me,
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you might be feeling at least a bit unmoored by how fast everything is changing.
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AI, our society, the world order,
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and that's just since this morning.
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I have two young daughters,
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and like a lot of us,
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I've been trying to make sense of the future they're growing up into.
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And what helped me make sense of it actually wasn't looking forward.
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It was going back, all the way back.
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You see, two billion years ago,
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life on Earth was mostly single-celled until bacteria figured out a new trick,
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photosynthesis, which makes oxygen.
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Now, at the time, oxygen was poison.
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It shredded the delicate chemistry that nearly all life on Earth depended on,
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and the planet changed faster than life could keep up with.
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Some scientists call what followed the first mass extinction event in Earth's history.
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But somewhere in that dying world, an extraordinary thing happened.
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A larger cell swallowed a smaller one,
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and instead of digesting it, they merged.
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The smaller cell became what we now call the mitochondria,
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the little powerhouse inside almost every complex cell on Earth.
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That merger created an energy surplus so vast,
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It funded everything that followed.
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Larger cells, bodies, brains.
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Every breath you take is still powered by the descendants of that ancient partnership.
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That one accident in a dying world is the reason everyone in this room is alive today.
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Biologists call these moments major transitions,
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when separate entities stop competing and start building a new whole.
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like how molecules became cells,
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cells became bodies, and individuals became societies.
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Every rung on that ladder was climbed through mergers.
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Now, we're on the cusp of the next major transition,
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the merger of humans and AI.
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That's right, we're going to eat the AI.
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Now, I know what you're thinking.
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Maybe you're rolling your eyes,
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maybe you're laughing, maybe you feel nervous.
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It's OK.
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I thought I felt all of those things the first time I heard myself say it.
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So let me explain.
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For 15 years, I worked on building AI.
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I started one of the early AI companies.
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I raised a quarter of a billion dollars to do it,
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and I sold my business to Google.
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And not long ago, I was at a private event with many of the leaders
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building the AIs we all use every day, people you'd recognize.
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And I asked them, there's more than a 10 percent chance that AI kills most of humanity in the next 20 years.
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Almost every hand went up.
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The people building these systems know how dangerous they are,
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but they're trapped in a race where anyone who slows down gets overtaken by someone who doesn't.
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If one company pauses for safety,
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another one takes the market.
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If a country stops to regulate, another one races ahead.
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Every AI founder has had the same conversation with themselves late at night.
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you lie there and you think,
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if I don't build this, someone worse will.
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AI is the oxygen crisis of our era,
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and it's coming whether we're ready or not.
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So what do we do?
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When a lot of people think about AI,
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they think about what it will do to us,
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what jobs it will take,
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what we should do to slow it down or regulate it,
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and those are important questions.
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But they're actually downstream of a much deeper question,
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which is what happens if AI stays separate from us.
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Right now, your AI lives on the other side of a screen.
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You ask it a question, it answers.
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You close your laptop and it's gone.
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But while your laptop is closed,
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the AI keeps getting better at your job.
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And if we stay separate,
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the AI is not your tool,
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it's your replacement, one that gets smarter and faster and cheaper every week.
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It doesn't take much to notice what happened the last time a new apex intelligence arrived here on Earth.
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That intelligence was us.
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And since we got here,
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we've driven to extinction every competing intelligence between Homo sapiens and pantroglodytes.
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Today, we keep our closest animal ancestors,
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chimpanzees, in reserves for their protection from us.
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Without a merger, AI isn't a partner, it's a rival.
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So what's the good news?
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The good news is a merger isn't something we need to decide to start.
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It's something we need to notice that we are already in.
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When did you stop remembering phone numbers?
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There was no moment you decided to forget them,
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they just moved from your head to your pocket.
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Your calendar probably went next,
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then little judgment calls you used to make for yourself.
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The tool was great at it,
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so you let the tool do it.
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And while something left your head,
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a better thing took its place.
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You stopped checking your spelling and you started writing.
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You stopped remembering how to get there,
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and you started thinking about what you'd say when you arrived.
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And notice how we keep pulling these tools closer to us.
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The mainframe was in a whole other building.
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We put the PC on our desk,
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the smartphone in our pocket,
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the smartwatch on our wrist,
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smart glasses on our face.
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Every step closer to our minds,
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closer to the speed of thought.
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And even that boundary is starting to blur.
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Right now, paralyzed patients are typing with their thoughts.
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Neural implants are restoring speech,
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vision and hearing to people who've lost them.
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Noland Arbaugh, the first person to receive a Neuralink brain implant,
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says that using it feels like using the force.
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The machine doesn't feel like a machine, it feels like him.
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And you may not realize it,
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but a technology we all use every day is learning to hear our thoughts.
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The Face ID system used to unlock your phone is being repositioned into headphones and glasses,
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where it can recognize microscopic muscle movements just beneath our skin,
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movements imperceptible to the human eye.
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The system that first learned to recognize us is now starting to see inside.
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Today, a brain implant has about 1,000 connections into the brain,
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and soon it will have 10,000,
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and then 100,000, and then a million.
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At 1,000 connections, you can restore movement.
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At 10,000, speech.
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At a million connections, you stop restoring what was lost and you start adding what was never there.
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Imagine learning a language in an afternoon,
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a new skill overnight, maybe even sharing a memory with a friend
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and having it feel just as real to them as it felt to you.
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The thing about this future is it doesn't require new technology,
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It just requires more of the same technology.
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Someone you work with will get it first,
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and you'll hold out for a while,
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the way you did with a smartphone, but eventually, you won't.
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The advantages of integration will be hard to compete with.
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Think about what we even do when we use a computer today.
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You move a picture of an arrow around until it touches a picture of a folder.
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Inside, there are pictures of files.
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You click, you scroll, you drag.
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Sending a file to a colleague takes a whole minute.
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Two of those seconds were the decision.
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The rest of it is the equivalent of walking across your house to flip a light switch.
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With a system that can hear our thoughts, you skip the walk.
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The further this goes, the more deeply we integrate with AI,
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the harder it will be to tell where our thoughts end and AI begins.
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For example, what's the square root of 117 trillion?
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Go ahead, I'll wait.
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If you try to answer that,
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you felt something, you felt a gap,
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a pause between the question arriving and anything starting to form,
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and you've lived your whole life inside that gap.
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Close it, and the answer arrives instantly,
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the way you know your name,
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like a memory, one that bridges the distance between human and AI.
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Now, I think we'll choose to merge because the alternative being replaced is far worse.
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But every major transition in the history of life has a condition.
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The parts have to remember that they are parts.
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A cell in your body wants to grow and replicate,
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and normally its growth serves you.
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Your cells grow, so you can grow.
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But sometimes a cell forgets that it belongs to a whole.
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It starts growing without limit.
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And if your immune system fails to catch it, we call that cancer.
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The thing about untreated cancer is it succeeds for a while,
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the tumor grows, But eventually,
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the cancer kills the host, which kills the cancer.
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A part forgets the whole,
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and the whole dies, which kills the part.
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This pattern repeats at every scale.
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Our civilization is itself a merger.
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It is the sometimes fragile,
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invisible agreement that millions of strangers will share institutions, sacrifices and a future.
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No one person built this system,
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and no one group controls it,
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but we all rely on it.
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And as AI arrives and the world gets more turbulent,
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every part of the society we depend on for our survival will be tempted to defect.
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People who lose their livelihoods will feel abandoned.
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People who keep theirs will feel entitled to look away.
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And bit by bit, the agreement phrase,
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Major transitions fail when the parts break before they can adapt.
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And for us to make it to a merger with AI,
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we have to stay merged with each other.
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Major transitions fail when we don't make that leap.
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The thing about the future is we all have to share the same one.
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And we either all make it there together,
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or we don't make it there at all.
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Two billion years ago, the first merger gave us our cells,
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and the ones that followed gave us our bodies,
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our minds and our civilization.
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Every beautiful, difficult thing that followed,
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followed because the parts held together.
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Now our oxygen crisis is arriving,
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and it will not be gentle.
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Jobs will change and some will disappear.
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Institutions will shake and some will fail.
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Surviving this will take everything that we have.
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So here's what I'm asking from all of us,
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for every day from now on.
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Hold together.
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Do not indulge the fantasy that your side can let the other side sink and somehow stay dry.
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The universe has been doing this for a long time,
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And the mergers that worked left descendants.
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The ones that failed left fossils.
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I want my daughters to be descendants,
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and I want yours to be, too.
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Thank you.
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Phổ biến
Về Bài Học Này
Bài học này sẽ giúp bạn luyện nói tiếng anh qua một chủ đề thú vị về sự kết hợp giữa con người và trí tuệ nhân tạo (AI). Bạn sẽ thực hành phát âm, ngữ điệu và khả năng hiểu biết thông qua các đoạn hội thoại từ video TED của D. Scott Phoenix. Thông qua việc áp dụng kỹ thuật shadowing, bạn không chỉ luyện tập ngôn ngữ mà còn mở rộng vốn từ vựng và thấu hiểu ý nghĩa sâu xa của thông điệp trong video.
Từ Vựng & Cụm Từ Quan Trọng
- merge (kết hợp) - Làm cho hai hay nhiều thứ trở thành một.
- AI (trí tuệ nhân tạo) - Công nghệ mô phỏng trí thông minh của con người.
- mass extinction (sự tuyệt chủng hàng loạt) - Thời kỳ mà nhiều loài tuyệt chủng cùng một lúc.
- powerhouse (nguồn năng lượng) - Một nguồn mạnh mẽ, thường được dùng để chỉ một bộ phận quan trọng trong một hệ thống.
- energy surplus (dư thừa năng lượng) - Sự sẵn có của năng lượng nhiều hơn mức cần thiết.
- major transition (thay đổi lớn) - Sự chuyển biến quan trọng trong quá trình phát triển.
- survive (sống sót) - Tiếp tục tồn tại, đặc biệt trong hoàn cảnh khó khăn.
- descendants (hậu duệ) - Các thế hệ sau, những người hay sinh vật kế thừa đặc điểm từ tổ tiên.
Mẹo Luyện Tập
Khi bạn tiến hành luyện nói với video này, hãy cố gắng áp dụng phương pháp shadowspeak để tối đa hóa hiệu quả học tập. Dưới đây là một số mẹo cụ thể cho bạn:
- Bắt chước ngữ điệu: Hãy để ý đến phong cách nói và ngữ điệu của diễn giả. Chọn những đoạn ngắn và lặp lại nhiều lần để cảm nhận được cách nhấn nhá từ.
- Tốc độ: Video có tốc độ nói tương đối nhanh, vì vậy bạn nên bắt đầu với việc nghe từng câu một và sau đó thực hành nói theo. Nếu cần, hãy sử dụng phần mềm shadowing để hỗ trợ.
- Nó cần kiên nhẫn: Đừng bi quan nếu bạn chưa hoàn thành tốt ngay lần đầu tiên. Luyện tập thường xuyên sẽ giúp bạn cải thiện đáng kể khả năng nói tiếng Anh.
- Ghi âm lại: Ghi lại các đoạn bạn luyện nói và nghe lại. Điều này giúp bạn nhận ra được những lỗi phát âm và điều chỉnh kịp thời.
- Thực hành hàng ngày: Hãy dành ít nhất 15 phút mỗi ngày để luyện tập. Luyện tập thường xuyên sẽ giúp bạn nhanh chóng tiến bộ trong việc nói tiếng Anh.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.