跟读练习: Five simple strategies to sharpen your critical thinking | BBC Ideas - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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We're lucky to live in an age where the sum total
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We're lucky to live in an age where the sum total
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of human knowledge is pretty much available at the click of a button.
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We've never had access to so much information,
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but not all of what's out there is quite what it seems.
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So here's a few strategies to navigate your way through and avoid falling out with people along the way.
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We all enjoy that sweet dopamine hit of feeling like we're right.
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In repeated experiments, psychologists have shown we're much more likely to accept something as evidence
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if it confirms what we already think we know,
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and much more likely to discount information if it contradicts our views.
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It's what's known as confirmation bias.
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It's one of the key cognitive biases that humans have,
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and operates at an unconscious level,
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affecting our ability to process information.
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This is especially true for issues which are emotionally charged,
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or where our views are deeply held,
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but it can come into play at any time.
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So don't rush to decide and be actively prepared to change your mind.
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So many of our discussions take place on social media platforms where algorithms reward our desire to see
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and hear our views confirmed.
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But in life, most situations are nuanced and complicated.
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Acknowledging that can enrich the way that we view the world.
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For example, what colour is the sky?
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Well, the obvious answer is blue.
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But at sunrise or sunset it can be red,
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on a cold misty morning white or grey,
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at night midnight blue or black.
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But imagine for a moment the blue of the sky on a sunny day.
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Is it really blue?
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The colour blue has a short wavelength meaning it scatters more than other colours making it more visible to the human eye.
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So the sky looks blue to us humans even though there's a whole spectrum of colours out there.
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Even something that seems totally self-evident can be more nuanced than you think.
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One approach to, well, arguing,
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is to let go of the idea of being right.
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Or at least seriously consider that you might actually be wrong.
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Putting yourself in the other person's shoes can lead to much more productive outcomes.
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Really try to understand where the other person is coming from.
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It's what's called intellectual empathy.
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It can be challenging, but that's the point.
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This can only work when both parties are engaging in good faith.
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Arguing just to waste somebody's time,
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known online as sea-lioning, not only makes you that guy or girl people avoid at parties,
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but we are intellectually, socially and politically worse off for it.
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It's more important than ever to know where your information is coming from.
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That sciencey-looking graph about the dangers of feral Dalmatian puppies might look very convincing
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until you dig a little deeper and find it was commissioned by fur coat coveting Disney villain, Karela DeVille.
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Be on the lookout for ulterior motives and vested interests.
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Becoming literate in the basics of scientific methodology,
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the use of data and the way it's presented are all weapons in your arsenal when it comes to critical thinking.
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Whether engaging in online debates or arguing with Uncle Frank,
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it's very easy to lose our cool and resort to some less than sound tactics.
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One common tactic is what philosophers call the straw man fallacy.
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Instead of engaging with the actual belief,
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you engage with a caricature.
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For example, if I said,
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I prefer hamsters to gerbils,
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you might respond, oh, so you want to drown all gerbils?
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A viewpoint that's much easier to take down.
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Another fallacy is the ad hominem fallacy,
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where you discount an argument because of your opinion of the person making it.
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This can lead to ad hominem attacks,
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which is basically Latin for name-calling.
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In that situation, it's fair to say that everybody loses.
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Engaging in critical thinking isn't as fun as picking up a pitchfork or feeling like you're fundamentally right,
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but in the long run,
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it leads to a more curious,
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educated and harmonious society, which ultimately is the biggest win of all.
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Thanks for watching.
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If you enjoyed that, be sure to check out these videos next.
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And if you haven't already,
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hit the subscribe button and click the bell to get a notification each time we upload a new video.
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本节课介绍
在这节课中，您将学习提升批判性思维的五个简单策略。这些策略将帮助您更有效地处理信息，避免在社交媒体上造成误解，并在讨论中保持开放的态度。通过声音练习和跟读，您将提升自己的英语表达能力，同时锻炼批判性思维，让您在面对各种观点时更加从容不迫。
关键词与短语
- 确认偏误 (Confirmation Bias) - 人们倾向于接受与自己既有观点相符的信息。
- 智力共情 (Intellectual Empathy) - 从他人角度理解问题，可以促进更有建设性的对话。
- 科学方法 (Scientific Methodology) - 理解数据呈现的基本原则，可以提升批判性思维能力。
- 信息来源 (Source of Information) - 知道信息来源的真实性至关重要。
- 在线讨论 (Online Debate) - 在数字平台上进行争论时需保持冷静和理智。
- 多元观点 (Nuanced Perspective) - 许多问题都有复杂的多维面，理解这一点可以深化思考。
- 虚假信息 (Misinformation) - 培养识别不同类型假信息的能力。
练习技巧
为了有效提升您的英语口语和批判性思维能力，建议您进行影子跟读练习。在观看视频时，请专注于讲者的语速和语调，尽量同时模仿他们的发音和节奏。由于视频节奏适中，您可以反复播放特定片段，确保自己在发音和表达上达到最佳效果。
在进行["英语口语练习"](https://example.com)和["雅思口语练习"](https://example.com)时，可以尝试以下方法：
- 将注意力集中在视频中的关键短语和词汇上，尽量使用这些表达方式。
- 暂停视频，重复讲者的句子，确保您的发音清晰且流畅。
- 利用shadow speech和shadowspeak的结合，创造您自己的发言风格，并尝试将批判性思维应用到其他话题中。
这种练习不仅能帮助您在日常交流中更加自信，还能在面对不同观点时，保持理性和开放的心态。通过不断的实践，您将不仅提升语言能力，更能在沟通中展示出您的深度思考能力。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。