跟读练习: Forget the Corporate Ladder — Winners Take Risks | Molly Graham | TED - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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There's a lot of pressure around what it takes to build a great career.
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There's a lot of pressure around what it takes to build a great career.
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And it all comes back to this idea that you're supposed to know what you want to do.
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It’s an idea that I like to call “the stairs.” Here's how the stairs go.
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You show up in college, and you're supposed to know what you want to major in.
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That major is supposed to lead you to your first job, and then you get another job, and you get promoted and promoted and promoted forever.
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The best part about the stairs is safety and security.
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It feels like you know what you need to do to get ahead.
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The worst part of the stairs is that it's like a weird video game that you can get stuck inside of for years.
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The stairs will make you feel like your self-worth is tied to your title, or your last performance rating, or your next promotion.
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But the truth is that the stairs are an illusion.
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These days, excellent careers are not built by excellent stair climbers.
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Said differently, one of the most important things you can get good at in your career is taking risks.
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Or, as I like to call it, jumping off cliffs.
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Let me explain what I mean with a story.
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When I was 25, I got offered a crazy job.
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I had spent a couple of years climbing the stairs in Human Resources at Facebook when the leader of another department came to me and asked me to help him start a new project, doing something that I knew nothing about.
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It was a long-term project, it was risky, and a lot of people told me it would probably fail.
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I was intrigued, but I was also scared.
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So I talked to a bunch of different people, and I have to admit, a lot of them told me not to take it.
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But there was this little voice inside me that just kept saying, "I wonder.
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I wonder if I can be capable in this completely new environment." So I took a risk and I took the job.
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Now I'd like to say that what happened next was that it was obviously a great decision and I was immediately successful.
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But actually, the first nine months on this project felt a lot more like falling off of a very steep cliff.
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I had gone from feeling competent and capable in HR to feeling like an absolute idiot all the time.
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I was sitting in rooms with brilliant people asking very dumb questions.
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Six months into this job, I got the lowest performance rating of my entire life.
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I had so many moments when all I wanted to do was run back to the safety and security of the stairs.
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But about nine months in, something interesting happened.
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I had to lead a meeting.
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It sounds simple, but it was a big meeting.
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It was a complicated debate about a nuanced part of this project.
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I was successful, and I so vividly remember walking out of that meeting feeling like myself again.
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I had gone from feeling like a beginner in this new environment to feeling confident and capable.
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I spent another three years on this project, learning and growing, and on the other side of it, I was a completely different person.
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I was offered jobs that no one would have offered me if I had stayed in HR.
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That's the thing about jumping off cliffs.
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It doesn't just take you a couple flights up on the stairs.
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It's like a weird elevator that takes you to a whole new place.
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Cliff jumps teach you who you are and what you are capable of in ways that the stairs can never.
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To get good at jumping off cliffs, you have to get good at three things.
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The first is actually jumping off the cliff.
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(Laughter) After many years of coaching people through career decisions, I know that sometimes it is just not the right time to take a risk, but I can also tell you that most people do not stay stuck on the stairs out of necessity.
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They stay there out of fear.
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The trick is to learn to tell the difference between the kind of fear that says, "I'm scared I might run out of money," which you should actually listen to, and the kind of fear that says, "I'm scared I might fail," which you should take as a giant green flashing light to jump.
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Cliff jumps teach you what you are capable of in spite of fear.
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The second thing you have to get good at in order to get good at jumping off cliffs is surviving the fall.
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Jumping off a cliff is taking a giant step backwards into the land of being a beginner again.
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That means it's a very big learning process.
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And with that comes a huge emotional roller coaster.
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Daily. Weekly. Sometimes hourly.
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All of my jumps have involved vacillating wildly between feeling like, "Oh, maybe I'm going to be good at this," and then immediately feeling like, "Who the hell even gave me this job in the first place?" All of that is normal, and it doesn't actually mean that anything is wrong.
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You have to learn to expect the roller coaster and ignore it at the same time.
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The most valuable mantra for me in this phase has been: give it two weeks.
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A lot of people will tell you to sleep on it.
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I can tell you most of these emotions don't go away overnight.
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Two weeks is a great barometer for things that you should actually pay attention to.
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The third thing you have to get good at in order to get good at jumping off cliffs is becoming a professional idiot.
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(Laughter) I can tell you that this is one of my greatest strengths.
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I am comfortable sounding like a moron.
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I am great at sitting in rooms with brilliant people asking very dumb questions.
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But what that actually means is that I have become an extraordinary learner.
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My favorite phrase is, "Sorry if this is a stupid question, but." When you ask it that way, everybody wants to make you feel better.
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They're like, "No, no, that's not a dumb question." And then they would love to teach you what they know.
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People love being teachers.
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It makes them feel smart.
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The other thing you discover is that most stupid questions aren't actually stupid.
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So many people are afraid of sounding dumb that the world is littered with important questions that never got asked.
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Questions like, "Can you define that word for me?", "Why are we doing this?", "Why are we having this meeting?" (Laughter) Embracing being a professional idiot often actually makes you the most valuable person in the room.
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There's a last thing, part of the illusion of the stairs, that becomes really obvious the more cliffs that you jump off of.
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And that is the idea that there is one set of stairs, one definition of success.
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I have a lot of friends that have climbed up the stairs to some version of the top -- a fancy title, a lot of money, fame -- and then they've realized that they're miserable.
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One friend described becoming CEO of her company and immediately thinking, "Is this all there is?" You know what she did next?
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She jumped off a professional cliff.
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She went from being the CEO of a marketing agency to helping people who were dying in hospice.
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Success is not the same for everyone.
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I know that what I'm talking about isn't easy.
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It takes bravery to trade the known for the unknown.
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It takes courage to do something that might seem like a step sideways or backwards to someone else.
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But you will never really know who you are or what you are capable of until you learn how to try.
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Thank you. (Applause)
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背景与上下文
在职场发展的过程中，许多人面临着压力，认为必须明确自己的职业目标。Molly Graham在她的TED演讲中提到，传统的职业发展看似是一条阶梯，强调安全感和稳定。然而，这种阶梯式发展让许多职业人士感到束缚，因为成功的关键并不在于是否沿着这条阶梯一步步走上去，而在于敢于冒险和跳出舒适区。
日常交流的五大短语
- 我想知道我能否在这个全新环境中胜任。 (I wonder if I can be capable in this completely new environment.)
- 我必须学会区分不同种类的恐惧。 (I have to learn to tell the difference between the kind of fear.)
- 跳下悬崖是一种巨大的学习过程。 (Jumping off a cliff is a very big learning process.)
- 我从这个项目中学到和成长了很多。 (I spent a lot of time learning and growing from this project.)
- 跳跃不仅可以带你到新的高度，还能让你找到真正的自己。 (Jumping can take you to new heights and help you find your true self.)
逐步影子跟读指导
要有效使用本视频进行学习，尤其是在提高英语发音和口语表达方面，可以遵循以下步骤：
- 首先，观看完整视频，了解演讲的主题和结构。注意Molly的语调、节奏和重音。
- 在观看时，将注意力集中在日常交流的短语上，尝试在笔记中记录下来，以便于后续的跟读和反复练习。
- 使用英语影子跟读的技巧，选择一小段的讲话内容，先听她的表达，然后尝试跟读。确保模仿她的发音和语速。通过看YouTube学英语，能够帮助你更好地掌握口语技巧。
- 完成基本跟读后，尝试闭嘴并复述这段内容，以测试你的记忆和表达能力。注意自己在发音和语调上的不足。
- 每周定期回顾和重复上述步骤，有意识地提高你的发音和流利度，直至你自信地能够流畅表达。
掌握影子跟读的技巧将大大有助于你提高英语口语和表达能力，同时也能让你在面对职业挑战时，学会如何在恐惧中找到自信。通过这些练习，你不仅能够提升语言能力，更能将这些理念运用到生活和事业中。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。