跟读练习: How babies learn to talk ⏲️ 6 Minute English - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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Hello.
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This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Phil.
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And I'm Georgie.
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For most parents, their baby's first word is a special moment.
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This happens after an early stage of language development called babble,
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when babies start making simple sounds like ga or ma.
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Babies have to learn to use their mouth muscles to make specific sounds.
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They experiment with different sounds and mouth shapes.
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So what exactly is happening when babies start learning to speak?
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What do you think, Georgie?
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Well, Phil, I'm no expert,
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but I imagine they watch the adults around them and kind of copy and imitate what they do.
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What do you think?
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I definitely think that's what my children did when they were learning to speak.
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Well, let's compare our ideas with those of an expert.
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Professor Julian Pine from Liverpool University,
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speaking here on BBC Radio 4,
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and he lists the skills that babies develop in order to speak.
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Well, one of the first things the child's got to do is they've got to break down the speech stream into words.
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Then they've got to link the words to the things that they refer to in the environment,
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so they've got to learn what the words mean.
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Right.
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In this programme, we'll discover how babies learn to speak and,
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as usual, we'll learn some useful new vocabulary.
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And on the subject of words,
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remember you can find a list of this programme's vocabulary on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.
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Some people find it helpful to study the vocabulary before listening.
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And another thing to do before listening is ask my question.
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Georgie, we've mentioned the babbling noises that babies make when learning to speak,
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but at what age does this usually start?
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Is it a around six months old,
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b around nine months old,
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or c around one year old?
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OK, I think my best guess would be a around six months old.
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OK, well we'll find out a little bit later on in the programme.
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Let's return to Professor Pine's list.
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The first thing babies do is recognise where individual words start and end.
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For this, it helps to know that,
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in English at least, words often begin with a stressed syllable,
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the sound in a word which is emphasised by being spoken longer or louder.
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Learning this takes time, and here Professor Pine and Michael Rosen,
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presenter of BBC Radio 4's programme Word of Mouth,
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discuss children who haven't quite discovered it yet.
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And we can see this in the kind of errors
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that children make because little kids will often call the giraffe a raff
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by leaving off the unstressed syllable because that's not typical English.
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Oh, and I've got an example of this.
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My son used to call a machine a sminge.
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He just hit the stress.
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He didn't bother with the muth bit.
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Yeah, exactly.
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Well, he may have thought it was my sminge, of course.
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That's the other thing.
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And the classic example, of course,
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is nana instead of banana.
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Yes.
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I think I call them that.
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One error, or mistake, infants make is calling a giraffe a raf,
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because they cut off the first syllable,
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G, because it's not stressed.
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The classic example of this is when children say nana instead of banana.
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A classic example of something means the best example of it,
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one containing all the features you expect such a thing to have.
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For example, ants are a classic example of animals working together.
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The second skill babies develop as they learn to speak is correctly linking a word to the object it refers to.
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In other words, knowing what the word means.
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As adults, we do this without thinking,
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but it's actually much harder than it sounds,
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as Professor Julian Pine explains to BBC Radio 4 programme Word of Mouth.
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Well, we take for granted the fact that it's kind of obvious what words refer to in the environment,
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but actually, if you look at it from the child's point of view,
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it's really difficult to work out what a word refers to because there's so many things it could refer to.
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So, you know, the speech signal is very ambiguous.
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How does the child know that you're talking about the cup in front of you
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or the pen in front of you when you say pen or cup?
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As adults, we take it for granted that when a friend says apple,
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they mean that round red thing on the table.
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To take it for granted means to assume something without question.
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But for a baby, the link between the word apple and the object is not obvious.
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It's ambiguous, meaning it has more than one possible meaning.
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Wow.
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Who knew so much was going on inside babies' sponge-like brains as they soak up the sounds they hear?
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Right.
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Phil, isn't it time to reveal the answer to your question?
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Erm, it is indeed.
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The question was, at what age do babies start to make babbling noises?
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And I said it was around six months.
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And that is the correct answer.
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Yay!
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Babies start to do this when they're about six months old.
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OK, let's recap the vocabulary that we've learnt,
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starting with babble, the meaningless noises babies make as they're learning to speak.
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The stressed syllable in a word is the sound which is emphasised by being longer,
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louder or higher.
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An error is a mistake.
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The classic example of something is the most typical example of it,
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containing its most important features.
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If you take something for granted,
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you accept or assume it without question.
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And finally, the adjective ambiguous means having more than one possible meaning.
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Once again, our six minutes are up,
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but if you're ready for more,
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you'll find the worksheet with a quiz and a transcript for this programme on our website.
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See you there soon.
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Bye!
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Bye!
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有关本节课
在这一节中，您将学习婴儿如何学习说话以及他们在语言发展中所经历的不同阶段。我们将探讨口齿不清的阶段，也就是婴儿开始发出简单声音的时刻。同时，您也会了解到他们如何通过观察大人来模仿，进而学习单词的含义。这些知识对于想要提高英语口语练习技巧的学习者十分重要。
关键词汇与短语
- 口齿不清 (babbling) - 婴儿发出的简单声音，如“ga”或“ma”。
- 模仿 (imitate) - 学习者通过观察他人来学习说话。
- 音节 (syllable) - 单词中的发音单元，这在学习英语时尤为重要。
- 重音 (stressed syllable) - 在单词中强调的部分，通常说得更长或更响。
- 语音流 (speech stream) - 语言中的连续语音，学习者需要将其分解成单独的单词。
- 学习词义 (linking words to meanings) - 学习者需要将单词与其所指代的对象关联起来。
练习提示
在练习过程中，您可以使用shadow speech或shadowspeak的技巧来帮助自己更好地掌握发音和语调。首先，建议您在慢速学习的环境中听录音。可以尝试在听一次后暂停，并模仿发音，即使是简单的发音也很有帮助。记住，您可以通过在 雅思口语练习和其他shadowing site上不断重复这些练习，来提高您的英语口语能力。
在模仿的时候，注意重音和语调的变化，您可以尝试模仿录音中的婴儿声音，感受音节的高低起伏。此外，将新的词汇融入到日常对话中，以便加深记忆并提高交流能力。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。