跟读练习: How climate change affects your mental health | Britt Wray - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Reviewer.
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For all that's ever been said about climate change,
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we haven't heard nearly enough about the psychological impacts of living in a warming world.
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If you've heard the grim climate research that science communicators like me weave into our books and documentaries,
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you've probably felt bouts of fear, fatalism or hopelessness.
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If you've been impacted by climate disaster,
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these feelings can set in much deeper,
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leading to shock, trauma, strange relationships,
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substance abuse and the loss of personal identity and control.
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Vital political and technological work is underway to moderate our climate chaos,
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but I'm here to evoke a feeling in you for why we also need our actions
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and policies to reflect an understanding of how our changing environments threaten our mental,
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social and spiritual well-being.
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The anxiety, grief and depression of climate scientists and activists have been reported on for years.
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Trends are seen after extreme weather events like Hurricane Sandy or Katrina for increased PTSD and suicidality.
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And there are rich mental health data from northern communities where warming is the fastest,
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like the Inuit and Labrador,
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who face existential distress as they witness the ice,
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a big part of their identity, vanishing before their eyes.
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Now, if that weren't enough,
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the American Psychological Association says that our psychological responses to climate change,
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like conflict avoidance, helplessness and resignation, are growing.
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This means that our conscious
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and unconscious mental processes are holding us back from identifying the causes of the problem for what they are,
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working on solutions and fostering our own psychological resilience.
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But we need all those things to take on what we've created.
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Lately, I've been studying a phenomenon that's just one example of the emotional hardships that we're seeing,
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and it comes in the form of a question that a significant amount of people in my generation are struggling to answer.
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That being, should I have a child in the age of climate change?
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After all, any child born today will have to live in a world where hurricanes,
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flooding, wildfires, what we used to call natural disasters, have become commonplace.
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The hottest 20 years on record occurred within the last 22.
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The UN expects that two-thirds of the global population may face water shortages only six years from now.
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The World Bank predicts that by 2050,
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there's going to be 140 million climate refugees in sub-Saharan Africa,
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Latin America and South Asia,
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and other estimates put that number at over one billion.
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Mass migrations and resource scarcity increase the risk for violence,
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war and political instability.
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The UN just reported that we are pushing up to a million species to extinction,
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many within decades, and our emissions are still increasing even after the Paris Agreement.
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Over the last year and a half,
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I've been conducting workshops and interviews with hundreds of people about parenting in the climate crisis.
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And I can tell you that people who are worried about having kids
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because of climate change are not motivated by an ascetic pride.
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They're nerve-wracked.
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There's even a movement called BirthStrike whose members have declared
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that they're not going to have kids
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because of the state of the ecological crisis and inaction from governments to address this existential threat.
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And yes, other generations have also faced their own apocalyptic dangers,
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but that is no reason to disregard the very real threat to our survival now.
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Some feel that it's better to adopt children,
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or that it's unethical to have more than one,
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especially three, four or more,
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because kids increase greenhouse gas emissions.
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Now, it is a really unfortunate state of affairs when people who want kids sacrifice the right to,
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because somehow they have been told that their lifestyle choices are to blame,
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when the fault is far more systemic.
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But let's just unpack the logic here.
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So an off-sighted study shows that,
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on average, having one less child in an industrialized nation can save about 59 tons of carbon dioxide per year.
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While in comparison, living car-free saves nearly two and a half tons,
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avoiding a transatlantic flight, and this is just one,
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saves about one and a half tons,
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and eating a plant-based diet can save almost one ton per year.
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And consider that a Bangladeshi child only adds 56 metric tons of carbon to their parents' carbon legacy over their lifetime,
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while an American child, in comparison, adds 9,441 to theirs.
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So this is why some people argue
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that it's parents from nations with huge carbon footprints who should think the hardest about how many kids they have.
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But the decision to have a child
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and one's feelings about the future are deeply personal and wrapped up in all sorts of cultural norms,
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religious beliefs, socioeconomic status, education levels and more.
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And so to some, this debate about kids in the climate crisis can seem like it came from another planet.
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Many have more immediate threats to their survival to think about,
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how they're going to put food on the table when they're a single mom working three jobs,
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or they're HIV positive, or they're on the move in a migrant caravan.
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Tragically, though, climate change is really great at intersectionality.
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It multiplies the stresses that marginalized communities already face.
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A political scientist once said to me that a leading indicator that climate change is starting to hit home,
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psychologically, would be an increase in the rate of informed women deciding to not have children.
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Interesting.
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Is it hitting home with you psychologically?
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Are you perhaps someone with climate-linked pre-traumatic stress?
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A climate psychiatrist coined that term,
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and that's a profession now,
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by the way, shrinks for climate woes.
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They're getting work at a time
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when some high schoolers don't want to apply to university any longer because they can't foresee a future for themselves.
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And this brings me back to my main point.
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The growing concern about having kids in the climate crisis is an urgent indicator of how hard-pressed people are feeling.
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Right now, students around the world are screaming for change in the piercing voice of despair.
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And the fact that we can see how we contribute to this problem that makes us feel unsafe is crazy-making in itself.
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Climate change is all-encompassing, and so are the ways that it messes with our minds.
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Many activists will tell you that the best antidote to grief is activism.
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And some psychologists will tell you the answer can be found in therapy.
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Others believe the key is to imagine The teachers believe the key is to imagine you're on your deathbed,
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reflecting back on what's mattered the most in your life
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so you can identify what you should do more of now with the time that you have left.
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We need all these ideas and more
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to take care of our innermost selves as the environments we've known become more punishing towards us.
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And whether you have children or not,
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we need to be honest about what is happening and what we owe one another.
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We cannot afford to treat the psychological impacts of climate change
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because the other issues of science and technology and the politics and economy feel hard,
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while this somehow feels soft.
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Mental health needs to be an integral part of any climate change survival strategy,
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requiring funding and ethics of equity and care and widespread awareness.
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Because even if you're the most emotionally avoidant person on the planet,
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there's no rug in the world that's big enough to sweep this up under.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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语法与表达在语境中的应用
视频中，演讲者采用了多种语法结构和表达方式，以下是几个关键点：
- 条件句：如“如果你听到...”，这种结构有效地引导听众思考气候变化的影响。
- 被动语态：如“情感被报告”，这种使用方式使得表达更加客观，并突出了行为的接受者。
- 动词时态的变化：使用过去时和现在进行时交替，体现了气候变化问题的持续性及其带来的历史与现实的联系。
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理解这些结构能够帮助你在类似主题中进行shadow speech练习，增强表达的准确性与流利度。
常见的发音难点
在这段视频中，有些词汇和短语可能会让学习者感到困惑，例如：
- “climate”（气候）：注意元音的发音，以确保你能够正确表达这个重要的主题词。
- “psychological”（心理的）：这个词较长，强调每个音节的发音可以帮助你流利地表达这个词。
- “existential”（存在的）：需要注意重音的位置，以防发音时给听众造成误解。
通过在雅思口语练习中包含这些发音练习，可以帮助你在口语表达中避免常见的发音陷阱，提升整体的语言流利度。
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