跟读练习: How Iran exposed the limits of the US navy | DW News - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
C1
How is the US, with the strongest navy in the world,
172 句
如果句子过短或过长，请点击 Edit 进行调整。
1
How is the US, with the strongest navy in the world,
2
struggling against a much smaller adversary?
3
The contest of who controls the Strait of Hormuz is exposing the vulnerabilities of shipping lanes and also big navies.
4
You don't need a navy to do naval warfare anymore.
5
Modern warfare has already changed.
6
For decades, bigger always seem to be better.
7
But is size the only thing that matters when dealing with modern threats?
8
Why can't the US just dominate the seas?
9
That's true, the United States does still have the strongest navy in the world,
10
based on how much destruction its ships can deliver,
11
even though it has fewer ships than China.
12
This is Brian Clark, an expert on the US Navy at the conservative Hudson Institute and former Pentagon advisor.
13
A lot of its ships are smaller ships that are designed for what they would call near-seas defense.
14
It's all about the type of ships the country has.
15
Aircraft carriers are considered the most powerful warships on the seas.
16
The US has 11, more than any other navy in the world,
17
and each one costs billions.
18
Like the USS Gerald R.
19
Ford, the biggest ship the country has ever put to sea.
20
The Pentagon describes the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier as the most capable,
21
adaptable and lethal combat platform in the world.
22
And no country has a global military presence like the US.
23
Around 750 military bases in 80 countries.
24
Built over decades with US partners and allies.
25
Washington doesn't disclose the location of all of them.
26
These are the naval bases we know of.
27
Military bases are the backbone of any overseas operation.
28
Ships, jets and troops all need somewhere to refuel and rearm.
29
Commercial ports can serve that role too,
30
if host nations allow military vessels to dock.
31
In theory, this global network of bases should equate to US dominance at sea.
32
That used to be true.
33
But the contest over the Strait of Hormuz shows it doesn't take a big navy to disrupt global trade routes
34
that most of us had taken for granted.
35
We sort of accepted the fact that all these choke points were pretty much accessible,
36
really never got closed, and short of a natural disaster or a shipping accident,
37
you could always transit around the world and ship things around the world.
38
And so we built a whole supply chain architecture around the world that assumed that.
39
More than 80% of world trade moves overseas.
40
At least 25% of that is oil and gas.
41
So just having a lot of bases isn't enough to control the seas anymore.
42
What matters just as much is who controls the shipping lanes and above all the choke points.
43
For Major Power they all have aircraft carriers
44
but aircraft carriers normally are just for force projection far away from your own coast.
45
That's retired senior Colonel Zhou Bo from the the Chinese military.
46
Now a senior fellow at the Center for International Security and Strategy at the Tsinghua University.
47
We will hear more from him later.
48
Any choke point can suddenly be controlled by a power
49
or an entity that doesn't even have a navy
50
and creates challenges for navies that they can't solve with their traditional blue water aircraft carriers and submarines and destroyers.
51
Which brings us back to the Strait of Hormuz.
52
Following U.S and Israeli attacks on Iran,
53
the Iranian regime moved to close the strait,
54
unleashing a global energy crisis.
55
With the world's most powerful navy at its disposal,
56
shouldn't the US be able to reopen it quickly?
57
Iran is able to control that shorepoint without really any navy whatsoever.
58
Most of Iran's main navy has already been destroyed by the US and Israeli attacks.
59
But the IRGC has used small boats,
60
missiles shot from land and sea drones to attack ships trying to pass through.
61
Plus, Iran likely has sea mines that could be somewhere in the strait.
62
And even though Iran doesn't have a really substantial anti-ship threat,
63
it still has anti-ship ballistic missiles,
64
and it could attack carriers out hundreds of miles away from the coast.
65
So you've seen the U.S carriers operate pretty far away from Iran,
66
and only the destroyers maybe go closer because they have air defense systems.
67
But even they don't get that close to the Iranian and coast because they anticipate they would face the Shahed threat,
68
the anti-ship maritime drone threat.
69
Geography matters here.
70
The US's large Blue Water Navy is ill-suited to this kind of confined asymmetric fight.
71
By the way, Blue Water Navy describes a navy that can deploy ships across the open ocean.
72
And that's exactly what the US is still doing.
73
A country that does have a traditional navy can operate in the open ocean and control that choke point from the sea.
74
And that's what the U.S.
75
Navy is doing.
76
So while moves from the shore, the Navy, U.S.
77
Navy can also use that same choke point as a place that they can create a blockade.
78
So you've now seen the U.S be able to blockade most of Iran's exports and imports,
79
at least at scale, using blue water forces that are operating in the Arabian Sea.
80
For commercial vessels, even the threat of an attack is often enough to deter them from the route.
81
That's also for insurance reasons.
82
That means that to block the choke point,
83
Iran doesn't need to attack every ship going through to hold shipping.
84
And this isn't the only choke point blocked in recent years.
85
Remember the Bab al-Mandeb Strait that was virtually closed because of attacks by the Yemeni Houthis?
86
A non-state actor with limited resources managed to rock the global economy.
87
Many commercial ships still avoid that route through the Red Sea today.
88
So what changed?
89
How did actors with no navy suddenly get so much influence over waterways?
90
What is changing the game?
91
asymmetric naval warfare has never been so accessible.
92
The big change has been the advent of these one-way attack drones.
93
With the advent of drones and the advent of in multiple domains,
94
so not just the airborne drones but also maritime drones,
95
we saw a shift to where these non-state actors
96
and even smaller states that were proximate to a choke point could take advantage of
97
that fact and now cut off access to a vital choke point without a navy,
98
without a formal even government in the case of the Houthis.
99
So it was really that shift driven by technology that created the potential for these shipping lanes to be cut off.
100
Drones, sea, air and underwater,
101
low-cost missiles and sea mines have all seen major advancement in recent years.
102
And they cost a fraction of a multi-billion dollar aircraft carrier.
103
But major navies are adapting to the new threat.
104
So if you're a country that depends on freedom of navigation and access to the open ocean,
105
then you have to have a way to defeat these threats.
106
And that creates a need for basically the counter drone type of capabilities.
107
I mean, you're seeing some real innovation there in terms of laser weapons
108
and gun based systems and even drones that shoot down other drones.
109
So a lot of innovation is happening there.
110
As naval warfare is changing,
111
raw size seems to matter less.
112
But one country has been expanding its navy at full speed.
113
What lessons is the country with the world's biggest navy drawing?
114
Well, size certainly matters, but it's not the only decisive element.
115
China's navy already outnumbers the US fleet in total ships.
116
And Colonel Zhou says it's also closing the quality gap.
117
China's strong shipbuilding capabilities is much bigger than that of the United States.
118
A big focus of China's bet, technology.
119
I think Chinese military would be among the best developed military in terms of application of AI robots,
120
drones in the future.
121
Because if you talk about drones,
122
for example, China and the United States are just dominating, right?
123
So what does China actually want with this expanding technology forward navy?
124
One of the country's priorities,
125
protecting the shipping route that China's export-driven economy depends on.
126
The tone, deliberately, sounds nothing like Washington's.
127
The world, countries and countries are in the same way.
128
The world is in the same way.
129
The world is in the same way.
130
The world is in the same way.
131
The world is in the same way.
132
The world is a matter of global responsibility.
133
Carnageo frames it as a matter of global responsibility.
134
Because to protect our own ships,
135
this is your national interest.
136
But to protect the ships of other countries,
137
this is China's international responsibilities.
138
Critics, however, point to China's increasingly expansionist behaviour in the South China Sea as evidence of a more aggressive agenda.
139
But China's overseas naval footprint doesn't come close to the US navies.
140
In terms of PRA Navy,
141
we do have a problem of not having a lot of military bases.
142
Officially, it has only one overseas naval base on the Horn of Africa in Djibouti,
143
though there are credible reports of an expanding Chinese military presence in Cambodia
144
and across the South China Sea at the facilities China has built there.
145
It's worth noting that China has bought,
146
invested in, and built a lot of civilian ports around the globe,
147
some of which could be used for military purposes in the future, according to experts.
148
China is pursuing a different model from the US,
149
but as its global interests grow,
150
it too is counting on size and speed.
151
There is still a long way to go to catch up with the US military or the US Navy.
152
Chinese military aims to become a world-class military by 2049.
153
So where is naval warfare headed?
154
Asymmetric threats are growing, technology is advancing faster than doctrine,
155
and the world's major navies are racing to keep up.
156
So the modern warfare has already changed.
157
We have yet to see a real combat at sea,
158
making use of drones.
159
But given the fact that China and the United States are two leaders in AI,
160
and AI will definitely be used militarily.
161
And what's in store for the US Navy?
162
We are seeing this shift in Navy force design away from kind of a carrier-based
163
or even destroyer-based fleet of crewed surface combatants and ships and submarines to
164
a mix of uncrewed vessel and crewed vessels where the uncrewed vessels are a growing percentage of the fleet.
165
You still need humans in the loop or commanders in the loop to make decisions and be accountable for those decisions.
166
But a lot of the fighting might end up being done by unmanned systems." The US is adapting,
167
investing in counter-drone systems, autonomous vessels,
168
and new tactics, and hoping to overhaul its ability to build new ships ships.
169
China has been doing the same,
170
arguably faster, and is continuing to add more ships to its navy.
171
The war in Iran has exposed some of the vulnerabilities and is an ongoing test of how ready any navy can be.
172
Control of the world's choke points has never been more consequential or more unpredictable.
下载应用
AI 为你说出的每个句子打分
TRENDING
热门
为什么用这个视频练习口语？
在这段关于美国海军与伊朗的对峙的视频中，观众能够接触到复杂而富有挑战性的议题，比如现代海战与海上战略的变化。通过观看这种内容，你不仅能提高你的英语口语练习能力，还能从中学习如何表达自己的观点，讨论国际事务，有助于雅思口语练习的备考。使用这种视频进行英语影子跟读，能有效提升你的语感，并不过于拘泥于教科书式的表达。
语法与表达在语境中的应用
在视频中，讲者使用了几种重要的语法结构和表达，以下是其中的三到五个例子：
- 条件句：例如“如果……”，这类句子帮助表述假设情况，适用于讨论策略和历史事件。
- 被动语态：如“海军被认为是……”，这种结构可以强调行为的接受者，适用于分析历史背景或现象。
- 对比结构：通过将大国与小国进行比较，讲者说明了力量的不同来源，增加了语句的复杂性和深度。
理解这些结构的用法，将对你在现实生活中进行更加深入的对话大有裨益。
常见的发音陷阱
在这个视频中，有一些发音特别容易让学习者困惑：
- “Strait”的发音：很多学习者可能会发成“street”，但正确的发音应为 /streɪt/。
- “Hormuz”的发音：这个词在英语中发音为 /hɔːrˈmuːz/，需要特别练习，确保重音放在第二个音节。
- “Military”的发音：有些学习者可能把“military”发音为三音节（mil-i-tary），实际上应是“mil-it-ary”，其中第二个音节轻音。
关注这些发音陷阱，并在看YouTube学英语时进行反复练习，可以帮助你在交流中显得更流利自信。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。