跟读练习: Investing in Carbon Markets As Climate Policy Shifts - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
C1
This is a story about carrots and sticks and whether we need both if we're to make real progress on climate change.
74 句
如果句子过短或过长，请点击 Edit 进行调整。
1
This is a story about carrots and sticks and whether we need both if we're to make real progress on climate change.
2
Various governments have tried their hand at reducing carbon emissions, from setting limits to providing billions of dollars in incentives to go green, but President Trump's return to the Oval Office has put climate change on something of a back burner for the U.S. government.
3
-I terminated the ridiculous green new scam.
4
I withdrew from the unfair Paris Climate Accord, which was costing us trillions of dollars.
5
Westin: While governments try their various approaches and adjust them from time to time, the challenges from climate change just keep increasing, with the world sending over 35 billion tons of carbon into the atmosphere every year, and the average global surface temperature in 2024 2.3 degrees Fahrenheit above the 20th-century average, which raises the question whether private markets may help the situation with or without active government support.
6
-It's about financing climate, and that's a complicated problem because it's going to take trillions of dollars.
7
Westin: After serving as vice chair of Bank of America, Anne Finucane is now chair of Rubicon Carbon, a carbon credit management firm run by TPG.
8
-So it's a piece of the puzzle. I think it's an effective one.
9
It could be a lot more effective than it's been, but I think as European market matures, as the American market matures-- and I know there are issues right at the moment-- but nonetheless, I think that we will see it as a component and an important component in the capital stack that will underwrite this change.
10
Westin: Lambert Schneider has studied carbon credit markets at the Oeko-Institut in Freiburg, Germany, and is coauthor of an OECD paper on the interplay between voluntary and compliance carbon markets.
11
-Carbon credits is an instrument where someone, a private entity or public entity, can invest in mitigation projects in climate and then claim the emission reductions.
12
Like, a practical example would be if a company invests in an afforestation project somewhere, the trees grow, they absorb CO2, and then for each tonne of CO2 that is absorbed, a tonne of carbon credit is being issued, and then these carbon credits can, for example, be used to achieve voluntary climate goals.
13
Prominent examples is avoiding deforestations, and then there are projects which burn greenhouse gases, waste greenhouse gases.
14
There are projects which use renewable energies, and there are also projects who suck CO2 out of the atmosphere, like, for example, direct air capture and carbon sequestration in geological reservoirs, so you take CO2 out of the atmosphere, and then you store it underground.
15
Many companies have said voluntary mitigation targets, they have said, "We want to do action "beyond reducing our own emissions, to do beyond value chain mitigation," and compliance markets are markets that are established by governments or multilateral organizations where companies have an obligation to meet certain targets or quotas.
16
The most prominent example for compliance market is international aviation.
17
Under the International Civil Aviation Organization, airline operators must compensate part of their emissions, and so each airline needs to purchase a certain number of carbon credits.
18
Westin: Despite the promise of carbon credit markets, they have yet to live up to their full potential.
19
-I would say they have not developed the way that we had hoped.
20
It's been pretty flat market, quite frankly, for the last 4 years or so.
21
Tom Montag was a colleague of Anne Finucane as COO of Bank of America and president of Global Banking and Markets.
22
Since 2022, he has been the CEO of TPG's Rubicon Carbon, working with the firm's Rise Climate fund, chaired by former Treasury Secretary Hank Paulson, and with chief science officer and Nobel Prize winner Dr. Jennifer Jenkins.
23
-When you do a carbon project, David, you go to registries, and you get-- they give you carbon credits based on their read of your project and where it is and what it's doing, and, in retrospect, some of the projects used baselines that weren't so good and other things like that that led to them being overstated, too many credits being issued.
24
-Well, the early days of carbon credits were-- there were problems.
25
There were problems with verification of what the project was.
26
The project itself may have had some issues, and those that were validating it, developing it, and selling it may have had some issues.
27
A few years ago, it was imagined that it could be $200 billion.
28
It's a fraction of that, a very small fraction of that, and we need to do some things to make it change.
29
We need to have standards.
30
We need to have rating agencies.
31
In the same way you would have any financial market, you have to have a developer or a manufacturer of the product.
32
You have to have a broker.
33
You have to have a rating agency.
34
Governments will get involved, and then you have to create a larger market, but those things are happening on a small scale now, and I mentioned Europe.
35
Europe is going to require it and in requiring it-- where they sort of did the stick, not the carrot-- they're beginning to think about what's the carrot here.
36
-There's a new mechanism, and that standard is really more ambitious than anything that we had before.
37
It really tries to draw on the lessons learned from the past, and to avoid the mistakes that were made in the voluntary carbon market and set a higher bar.
38
Westin: So what does Rubicon Carbon bring to this that's needed?
39
-We came with kind of an institutional backing with, you know, Anne Finucane and I coming from Bank of America and TPG funding it.
40
We have a filter.
41
Everything we show and do go through our science team, gets a score, so we bring the quality and the transparency that people need to invest in the markets.
42
One of the things we're trying to do is to develop a product that makes it more liquid and transparent for people that don't have the infrastructure or need to understand these projects and what are the risks of these projects and where they are.
43
It isn't like a stock, where you can get a prospectus and just read it, and, you know, these are very complex areas with different systems and new technologies, and so we kind of developed two new projects to do that.
44
One is that we call the Rubicon Carbon Tonne.
45
It's like an ETF.
46
If you buy tonnes out of the Rubicon Carbon Tonne-- and we have them in nature or we call super pollutants or removals-- then you get a portfolio of curated tonnes underneath that that we're always managing as we go.
47
We just did the other first of its kind-- a Rubicon Rated Tonne, and that was a tonne of-- a portfolio of credits that are rated not only by our guys but by BeZero, which is kind of the Moody's of rating carbon projects.
48
Westin: In order to create a market for trading carbon credits, there has to be some way to translate the climate effects across a wide array of activities, all of which can reduce carbon released into the atmosphere but in very different ways.
49
-There's a whole list of different kinds of projects and things that can range from literally filtering, filters that take carbon out of the environment, which is expensive, to what they call biochar, which is high temperature burning of biomass that sits stored underground instead of decaying into the environment.
50
There's a reforestation where we're replanting degraded land, and there's methane capture or gas capture at source and destruction, so that wide range, and the prices of those, David, can be anywhere from, you know, $5.00 to hundreds of dollars.
51
Westin: Do you at Rubicon Carbon yourself or do you pay somebody else to go back and audit to see whether the farmer planted the tree and the tree's there?
52
-We do a lot of work.
53
You know, satellite imagery is amazing these days, so you can really get granular in what you can see, so we do a combination of site visits, and also we buy the best satellite imagery you can possibly find to check on the trees and what the tree cover is, have they been planted, are they still there, all those types of things.
54
Westin: There has been some changes in various governments, including the United States, and some of the governments seem to be backing off some of the commitments on climate.
55
Is that hurting your business?
56
-I think it would help our business at the end of the day because people will realize the government's not going to do it for them.
57
Westin: To its credit, Rubicon Carbon has notched one very significant deal-- a Microsoft purchase of carbon removal credits.
58
-A big deal like Microsoft really matters because, first of all, it's huge.
59
It's 18 million tonnes and 500 square miles of carbon sequestration and reduction, and it's called an offtake deal, where they're buying it over a series of years.
60
I also think that there is an appreciation that-- particularly with technology companies, but not just technology companies-- we need more energy and we need all energy, so the idea that we weren't incentivizing those to do more production in clean energy along with, perhaps, more traditional energy, it seems like we're tying a hand behind the American back.
61
I do think we are capitalists, and there is a market opportunity we would not want to miss, and we surely don't want China to go ahead of us.
62
Westin: Carbon markets need transparency, standards, and depth, but even then, they're only as good as the difference they make in the real world, and Rubicon Carbon already has some projects starting to make a difference in reducing net carbon emissions.
63
-You're taking barren land and creating a nature-based solution, so imagine something that has gone to waste that is now productive again, or direct air capture is the idea that you're capturing the carbon emissions, so either of those are certainly accretive.
64
I think that you're going to see work on farmland where they will work with farmers in the years to come, particularly in Europe, of generating carbon credits by farming a little bit differently, more in a regenerative way, and measuring the soil and how the better use of soil, the better use of less water, is going to be accretive, but we have a project called Spekboom that we're working on.
65
It's in South Africa.
66
It's the reforestation of an area.
67
Spekboom is actually a plant.
68
We, along with a couple of other funders, are putting capital in so that they can build and grow this.
69
I'd like to just say one thing about climate change.
70
It's about clean energy.
71
It's about enough water for the world, and it's about being able to breathe clean air.
72
This isn't about politicizing anything.
73
It's just the reality that the science community tells us.
74
We're capitalists, so we like to take advantage of something that could have capital returns, and I think this will.
下载应用
AI 为你说出的每个句子打分
TRENDING
热门
为什么要通过这个视频练习口语？
通过观看有关碳市场的视频，学习者可以在真实的语境中提高自己的英语能力。这个视频探讨了气候变化和碳交易的复杂性，提供了丰富的专业术语和行业知识。通过英语影子跟读，学习者不仅能够提高自己的发音和流利度，还能了解气候政策如何影响全球经济。利用shadowspeak等技巧，学员可以在实际对话中应用这些知识，从而增强其听说能力。
语法与表达在上下文中的应用
在这个视频中，讲者使用了一些重要的语法结构和表达方式，增强了信息的清晰性。
- 被动语态: “碳信用被发放”，这种结构强调了动作的接受者，而不只是执行者，适合在正式的商业场合使用。
- 条件句: “如果我们要取得实际进展”，这种句型对于表达假设和条件非常有效，可以用来讨论未来的可能性。
- 时态的运用: 演讲者使用了现在完成时，诸如“已经开发”的表达，来描述过去到现在的动作。这有助于学习者理解时间在描述事件中的作用。
常见发音陷阱
视频中有一些词汇和短语可能会对英语学习者构成发音挑战。例如，“carbon credits”的发音可能会让很多学习者感到困惑，因为音节的连读现象。在练习时，尤其要注意元音的发音和语调的变化。
此外，像“mitigation”和“compliance” 这样的技术性词汇，需要在语音练习中进行重复，以帮助掌握其正确发音及应用于对话中的自信。通过观看看YouTube学英语的视频，结合雅思口语练习，学习者可以更好地提升自己的口语能力。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。