跟读练习: Mary's Room: A philosophical thought experiment - Eleanor Nelsen - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
C2
Imagine a brilliant neuroscientist named Mary.
34 句
如果句子过短或过长，请点击 Edit 进行调整。
1
Imagine a brilliant neuroscientist named Mary.
2
Mary lives in a black and white room, she only reads black and white books, and her screens only display black and white.
3
But even though she has never seen color, Mary is an expert in color vision and knows everything ever discovered about its physics and biology.
4
She knows how different wavelengths of light stimulate three types of cone cells in the retina, and she knows how electrical signals travel down the optic nerve into the brain.
5
There, they create patterns of neural activity that correspond to the millions of colors most humans can distinguish.
6
Now imagine that one day, Mary's black and white screen malfunctions and an apple appears in color.
7
For the first time, she can experience something that she's known about for years.
8
Does she learn anything new?
9
Is there anything about perceiving color that wasn't captured in all her knowledge?
10
Philosopher Frank Jackson proposed this thought experiment, called Mary's room, in 1982.
11
He argued that if Mary already knew all the physical facts about color vision, and experiencing color still teaches her something new, then mental states, like color perception, can't be completely described by physical facts.
12
The Mary's room thought experiment describes what philosophers call the knowledge argument, that there are non-physical properties and knowledge which can only be discovered through conscious experience.
13
The knowledge argument contradicts the theory of physicalism, which says that everything, including mental states, has a physical explanation.
14
To most people hearing Mary's story, it seems intuitively obvious that actually seeing color will be totally different than learning about it.
15
Therefore, there must be some quality of color vision that transcends its physical description.
16
The knowledge argument isn't just about color vision.
17
Mary's room uses color vision to represent conscious experience.
18
If physical science can't entirely explain color vision, then maybe it can't entirely explain other conscious experiences either.
19
For instance, we could know every physical detail about the structure and function of someone else's brain, but still not understand what it feels like to be that person.
20
These ineffable experiences have properties called qualia, subjective qualities that you can't accurately describe or measure.
21
Qualia are unique to the person experiencing them, like having an itch, being in love, or feeling bored.
22
Physical facts can't completely explain mental states like this.
23
Philosophers interested in artificial intelligence have used the knowledge argument to theorize that recreating a physical state won't necessarily recreate a corresponding mental state.
24
In other words, building a computer which mimicked the function of every single neuron of the human brain won't necessarily create a conscious computerized brain.
25
Not all philosophers agree that the Mary's room experiment is useful.
26
Some argue that her extensive knowledge of color vision would have allowed her to create the same mental state produced by actually seeing the color.
27
The screen malfunction wouldn't show her anything new.
28
Others say that her knowledge was never complete in the first place because it was based only on those physical facts that can be conveyed in words.
29
Years after he proposed it, Jackson actually reversed his own stance on his thought experiment.
30
He decided that even Mary's experience of seeing red still does correspond to a measurable physical event in the brain, not unknowable qualia beyond physical explanation.
31
But there still isn't a definitive answer to the question of whether Mary would learn anything new when she sees the apple.
32
Could it be that there are fundamental limits to what we can know about something we can't experience?
33
And would this mean there are certain aspects of the universe that lie permanently beyond our comprehension?
34
Or will science and philosophy allow us to overcome our mind's limitations?
下载应用
AI 为你说出的每个句子打分
TRENDING
热门
背景与上下文
在本视频中，埃莉诺·尼尔森探讨了弗兰克·杰克逊于1982年提出的哲学思维实验“玛丽的房间”。视频中的案例讨论了一位名叫玛丽的神经科学家，尽管她在黑白的环境中生活，并且只接触黑白书籍和黑白屏幕，但她却对颜色视觉有着深厚的知识。这种情境引发了关于意识经验与物理知识之间关系的深入思考，提问我们是否在只依靠理论知识的情况下能够真正了解某种体验。对于英语学习者来说，这个哲学思考不仅能促进对心理状态与意识的理解，也能为提高英语口语技巧提供深度的思考素材。
日常沟通的五个常用短语
- “虽然我知道…” - 用于引入对某事的已有理解。
- “我从未体验过…” - 适合描述未曾感受的事物。
- “这让我想到了…” - 有助于引导讨论并表达连接。
- “我明白了…” - 强调通过经验获得新的理解。
- “这对我来说很新的…” - 用于表达新发现的体验感受。
逐步跟读指导
想要通过跟读提升您的英语口语和发音技巧，可以利用以下方法来掌握本视频中探讨的内容：
- 选择合适的段落：从视频中选择一小段，例如关于玛丽第一次体验颜色的描述。这会使您可以专注于具体的内容。
- 逐句听写：揭示每一句的结构和发音。可以先慢速播放，再逐渐提高语速。
- 模仿与重复：模仿视频中的发音和语调，尽量用自然的口气重复。这一过程不仅提高了您的英语发音，也能加深对表达的理解。
- 总结与反思：在跟读后，尝试用自己的语言总结视频内容。可以询问自己在学习中有什么新的感悟，从而帮助您更好地内化所学知识。
- 运用创新表达：用新学的短语和表达与他人讨论视频内容，实战练习相应的雅思口语练习，提高用词的灵活性和准确性。
通过在这个shadowing site进行练习，您将能有效地提高英语发音，并在日常交流中自信使用新学的短语和表达。这个过程也是探讨深刻哲学问题的好机会，帮助您理解语言背后更广泛的思想。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。