跟读练习: The dark origins of Disney fairy tales - Claudia Schwabe - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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An evil stepmother demands a beautiful maiden’s lungs and liver; a girl is ripped from a wolf’s stomach; and sisters mutilate their feet to squeeze into a solid gold slipper.
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An evil stepmother demands a beautiful maiden’s lungs and liver; a girl is ripped from a wolf’s stomach; and sisters mutilate their feet to squeeze into a solid gold slipper.
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During the early 1800s, brothers Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm gathered these unflinchingly gory details from stories circulating around what’s now Germany.
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But as the tales amassed widespread fame, they morphed dramatically.
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The Brothers Grimm were born in Hanau in the 1780s.
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At the time, Germanic lands didn’t yet exist as the unified nation-state of Germany, but were instead divided into small, independent princedoms.
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And French forces exerted significant control over the region as a result of Napoleon's expansionist aims.
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Meanwhile, European Romanticism was beginning to flourish, accompanied by movements to preserve national languages and traditions.
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In their teens, the Brothers Grimm enrolled to study law at university, and soon became interested in how local rules and customs were embedded in folk stories.
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It wasn’t long before they began undertaking their own Romantic-nationalist project, soliciting all manner of German folklore, striving, they said, “to penetrate into the wild forests of [their] ancestors.” Their aim was to foster a unifying sense of German cultural identity.
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They idolized the idea of stories from the so-called “common man,” which they viewed as evidence of a national “unspoiled imagination” and “inner purity.” In practice, much of what they collected came from middle and upper class sources, and some stories had traceably transnational origins.
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But the Grimms received material spanning songs, jokes, fables, and magic fairy tales, from books and educated young women, as well as a painter and a former soldier, though they probably collected the most from the wife of a tailor.
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They published their first volume, “Children’s and Household Tales,” in 1812.
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But from the stepmother who serves her husband his own son for dinner, to the man who murders his brother in order to marry a princess and then gets drowned in a sack, these stories were far from cozy.
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In fact, originally, the stories were for adults, and often dealt with difficult realities, like parents abandoning their children in the woods due to poverty and weary soldiers deserting the army.
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The happier turns were often escapist fantasies from harsh circumstances, like a princess who throws a frog she's forced to marry against a wall, only to reveal a dashing prince.
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The first two volumes the Brothers Grimm published tended to reflect the horror and strangeness of the tales they originally collected.
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But many readers found their content disturbing, and they didn’t sell well.
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However, an English version that was shorter, heavily illustrated, and geared towards children, did.
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And as their financial and family obligations grew, the brothers began to edit more actively.
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In 1825, the Brothers Grimm published a “Small Edition” that incorporated illustrations and was intended to appeal to newer, Romantic ideals of childhood and more conservative, middle and upper class Christian sensibilities.
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A gory tale of kids “playing” pig and butcher, for example, didn’t make the cut.
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Meanwhile, the original negligent biological mothers of “Snow White” and “Hansel and Gretel” transformed into wicked stepmothers in later editions, helping reinforce traditional gender roles framing biological mothers as virtuous, feminine, and nurturing.
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And while at first Rapunzel was revealed to have been entertaining her princely visitor when she becomes pregnant; with revision, she simply let slip about him— no out-of-wedlock sex implied.
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The brothers also accentuated some retributive violence, making for more cautionary tales.
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For example, the Grimms’ earliest version of Cinderella ends after she is whisked away in her prince’s carriage, while their last version concludes with birds pecking out her stepsisters’ eyes.
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Over their lifetimes, the brothers published seven editions of the tales, which became increasingly popular as they deleted and added stories while intensively editing them to fit more puritanical tastes and amplifying narrative and descriptive details.
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Additional adaptations by others saw the stories evolve further.
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No longer would Snow White be revived by a stumbling pallbearer, but a prince’s kiss, and henceforth her witchy stepmother wouldn’t dance herself to death in iron shoes on a scorching bed of coals.
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In other words, they'd grow to be not quite so unconventional or grim as their origins.
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为什么要用这个视频练习口语？
通过观看这段视频，学习者可以深入了解迪士尼童话故事的黑暗起源，这不仅有趣而且引发思考。通过英语影子跟读的方式，学习者能够在模拟对话中提高英语口语能力。视频内容生动且富有情感，适合用作英语口语练习的素材，帮助学生在实际场景中运用新学到的词汇和语法。这种练习方式提高了学习动力，使学生在轻松的环境中流利地表达自己的观点。
语法与表达在语境中
在视频中，演讲者使用了一些关键的表达方式，这些都是学习者在日常会话中常用的。以下是其中几个重要的结构：
- 被动语态：例如，“故事被收集”，强调了故事收集的动作者和被动者之间的关系。这对于学生理解被动结构非常重要。
- 时间状语：如“在1812年”，这种时间表达帮助学习者更好地理解事件的时间线，且常用于叙述历史事件。
- 对比结构：使用“而”来对比不同的故事版本，例如“最初的故事与后来的版本”。这一语法结构能有效提升表达的深度，让互动更生动。
- 条件句：如“如果你不能理解”，这种条件结构常用于假设情景，有助于学生在讨论中提出条件或假设。
常见发音陷阱
在这个视频中，某些单词的发音可能对学习者造成困扰。以下是几个常见的发音陷阱：
- “Grimm”的发音，很多学习者可能会发成“Gريم”，而实际上应为类似“格里姆”的发音。
- “wretched”这个词经常被误读，正确的发音应为/wˈrɛtʃɪd/，注意元音的发音和重音位置。
- “authentic”，这个词的发音较为复杂，常被忽视。它的正确发音为/ɔˈθɛntɪk/。
通过听取和模仿这些发音，学习者将在提高英语发音方面取得显著进步，增强英语口语表达能力。结合看YouTube学英语的方式，进行英语口语练习，不仅有助于提高聆听理解能力，还能自信地参与对话。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。