跟读练习: The Health Benefits Of Learning a Foreign Language | Daria Zaikovskaia | TEDxOulu - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Transcriber: Susana González Reviewer: Keira White (applause) Learning a foreign language is good for you for so many reasons.
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Transcriber: Susana González Reviewer: Keira White (applause) Learning a foreign language is good for you for so many reasons.
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Why should I learn English?
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It’s not a question people ask themselves a lot these days, is it?
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English is probably going to become the world’s lingua franca, if it’s not already.
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Today, English is the most widely used language for newspaper, book and scientific publishing, international telecommunications, international trade, mass entertainment, diplomacy, and, of course, the Internet.
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There are now more than 8,000 courses taught completely in English by leading universities in non-English speaking countries.
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So for people like me, non-native English speakers, it would seem that if we want to keep up with the world, learning at least one foreign language, namely English, is a must.
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We learn it to find a good job, to be more successful, or even to immigrate.
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I’ve been learning English since I was little.
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At first it was my parents who taught me which is kind of funny because neither of them spoke any English back then, and they have successfully avoided learning it for the past 25 years.
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In fact, when I got my bachelor’s degree in linguistics, my mom said: ″Good job, honey, what’s next for you?″ ″Are you now going to get a real degree?″ After my studies I worked as an English teacher, and whenever I taught an introductory class, I would ask my students: ″Why do you want to learn a foreign language?″ The answers I would usually get were more or less similar, but before I share them, I would like to ask you to go back for a moment.
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Think of a time you first started learning a foreign language, Do you remember why?
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The answers my students would give were: ″My parents make me″, ″I want to understand social media content″, ″I want to travel″, ″I want to get a good job″, and a lot of people also acknowledged that learning a language is good for you in general.
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But if we stop and think about it, work, travel, good marks at school, watching films, are all amazing, noble reasons to learn a foreign language, but can you get all that without actually learning?
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I think we probably can.
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If we go along with this idea, it takes only a little thought to grasp what you can actually do, even if you don’t understand a word in English or any other foreign language.
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For example, with the technology we have today, software can translate a whole web page into your native language in a split second.
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There are apps that can translate almost any text captured by your smartphone camera in real time, and most media are served to you with subtitles or a voiceover, available almost immediately after the recording is made.
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Not to mention those lucky enough to be born into English-speaking families.
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They should be fine, right?
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And, here we come back to this vague ″Learning a language is good for you!″ And it is!
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It can bring many benefits, including those that can improve the quality of your life and indeed your health.
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Which is a nice bonus for those of us who started learning it for something else.
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It’s like when you buy a pack of breakfast cereal, and ″here’s a free sticker inside!″ Let’s move on now, and take a closer look at some of these benefits.
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I like to visualize concepts, it helps me give form to abstract ideas and make them more simple.
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I like to imagine every person as a musician.
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Let’s start with somebody who can only speak one language, you probably even know someone like that.
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Can you picture them in your mind's eye?
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Let’s assume that this person was born and raised in their native country, they have been able to get by with their native language, be it for work, travel and leisure.
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Now, if we visualize some more and give this person an instrument, in some sense we can compare their brain to a music box.
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Now, how does the box work?
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You spin the handle and magic happens, beautiful, does the trick.
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But the thing about the box is that it can only play one tune; the mechanism is kind of embedded into the box, so changing it is a lot of work.
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You repeat one and the same movement all over again.
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Now, we have bilinguals, in comparison to monolinguals, they have twice as many choices on how to deliver an idea, but it’s not that simple.
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When bilinguals use the target language, they actually activate both languages that they know.
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It means that there is always this competition going on in their heads between the two languages.
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They have to be constantly ready to respond in one language and suppress the other one.
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Instead of a music box, I would give them a tape recorder and two tapes.
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Not quite an instrument, but it can play music too.
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Now, if you’re bilingual, your native tape is the one you know best.
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Depending on how well you know your second language, the other one could be secondary.
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So each time you need to play a word or a phrase, it takes you time to get the native tape out, insert the other one, and then find the word or phrase that you’re looking for.
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In addition to that, you sometimes forget where exactly it is, or even if this word is even on the tape.
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Each time there is this switch between these mental tapes, it takes you mental effort.
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It’s an exercise, and like with all exercises, it gets easier and easier the more you do it, until you know the tape inside out.
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And with each new language, your musical instrument gets more elaborate, like adding new keys to a piano.
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Some of them you know better, some worse, but each time you switch, you get more fluent, and as you learn another third, fourth language, you pick it up faster.
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You understand the logic the languages might share, and you are more likely to overcome the barriers to speaking with your next foreign language.
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And that mental effort translates onto the other areas of your life, it opens your mind for greater opportunities, and prepares you for possible challenges.
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And, that is not only true for those who started learning a language early in life.
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That’s right! You can pick up a new language today and start enjoying all the amazing benefits it brings.
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It can even influence your life indirectly, opening new paths for you.
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In 2020, like many others, I found myself in quarantine, my boyfriend, my cat and I in a tiny one- room apartment for several months.
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I figured I needed a new hobby to stay sane.
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It needed to be a one-person indoor hobby, and it needed to be cheap.
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So I decided I would start learning a new language.
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I didn't have a preference.
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So I did several rounds of flipping a coin, and it turned out to be Finnish.
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I armed myself with YouTube videos and learning apps, and soon enough, I learned some stuff about some Finnish delicacies, some Finnish towns, one famous Finnish poet.
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Having this tiny connection to the culture made me want to dig deeper, and before I even realized it, it’s December, and I’m applying to study at a Finnish University.
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What started small, became this huge change that helped me out of depression and gave me purpose.
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Our brains are picky, our brains love new things; it gives us that handsome reward of dopamine in exchange for novelty, that’s why I have so many pairs of shoes.
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Usually when you learn something new, the brain-boosting benefits decrease as soon as you get your eureka moment.
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For example, you want to learn to ride a bicycle; you start trying, you go, and it feels great, but, as soon as you get the hang of it, it’s not the same satisfaction-wise.
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It’s just going.
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But that doesn’t happen when you learn a foreign language.
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Instead, your brain needs to keep working, constantly plan, concentrate and make decisions, every day is a school day, it never ends, which to me, can be both amazing and frustrating.
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I have been learning English for ages.
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I have been teaching it as a second language for several years, and I still make mistakes.
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And there are still words that I don’t know.
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Not so long ago, I was watching some British TV and I saw the word ″satsuma″ in a joke.
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Of course I didn’t get the joke. I’d never heard nor seen this word before.
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At that moment, I felt almost angry at all the English people who decided to adopt this word into the language just to make my life more difficult.
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But, I did make a mental note; apparently, it’s a kind of fruit like a mandarin or tangerine.
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I can never tell the difference between them, because in my native language, we have one word to describe all three.
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Later, I was abroad in a supermarket and I saw this sign: ″satsuma″.
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I pointed to it and I said out loud, there were people around me, ″You little piece of fruit. I know you″ and it felt really good.
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Our brains like to be proud, we like achievement, we like to be the best, and this is the best kind of achievement because it’s not competitive.
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The only person you are trying to out-best is you, and each new word, phrase and sentence brings you victory.
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It doesn't have to be a big victory.
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It can be as small as understanding a joke in a foreign language.
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It’s never too early to learn, and it’s never too late.
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Thank you. (Applause)
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背景与概述
学习外语的好处无疑是多方面的，尤其是学习英语。在全球化的今天，英语已经成为针对商贸、科技、娱乐等领域最广泛使用的语言之一。因此，不论是求职还是出国，掌握英语都是每个人的必要技能。正如演讲者提到的，虽然有技术工具可以帮助我们理解外语，但学习语言本身能带来的认知和身体健康益处，绝不是单靠翻译软件所能替代的。
日常交流的五个常用短语
- 我想学习英语。 (I want to learn English.)
- 帮助我理解社交媒体内容。 (Help me understand social media content.)
- 我想提高我的英语发音。 (I want to improve my English pronunciation.)
- 我希望能够顺利旅行。 (I hope to travel smoothly.)
- 学习外语对我有好处。 (Learning a foreign language is good for me.)
逐步影子跟读指南
想要提升自己的英语水平，特别是发音，可以通过英语影子跟读技巧来实现。以下是一个简单的逐步指南，让你在观看视频时有效运用这一方法：
- 选择视频：找到你感兴趣的英语视频，例如 TED 讲座或其他教育视频，确保内容简短而清晰。
- 第一次观看：第一次观看时，专注于理解大意，不必担心完全听懂每个单词。
- 分段练习：将视频分成小节，重复播放，每次尝试模仿发音和语调。你可以使用shadowspeak的方式进行练习，即在说话者说话的同时跟着说。
- 记录和反馈：录下自己的声音，和原始视频对比，找出发音的差异，逐步调整。
- 持续练习：每天都坚持一定的练习时间，利用看YouTube学英语的资源，不仅可以提升发音，还能增加语言的流利性。
通过这种方式，你的语言能力会逐渐提升，同时也能享受学习的乐趣。每次切换语言就像是在调整乐器，让你的思维更为灵活，最终在各个领域施展你的才能。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。