跟读练习: The science of snowflakes - Maruša Bradač - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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If you ever find yourself gazing at falling snow, why not catch a few snowflakes on your glove and examine their shapes?
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If you ever find yourself gazing at falling snow, why not catch a few snowflakes on your glove and examine their shapes?
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You might notice that they look symmetrical, and if you look closely, you'll see they have six sides.
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You could say a snowflake is simply frozen water, but compare one with an ice cube from the freezer, and you'll realize they're very different things.
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Unlike ice cubes, formed when liquid freezes into a solid, snowflakes form when water vapor turns straight into ice.
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But that still doesn't explain why snowflakes have six sides.
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To understand that, we need to delve deeper into the physics of water.
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Water is made out of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
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A single water molecule thus has ten protons and ten electrons, eight from oxygen and one from each hydrogen atom.
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The two electrons from oxygen's outer shell are shared with two electrons from both hydrogens as they bond together, and the remaining four outer shell electrons from oxygen form two pairs.
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We call the bonds between these atoms covalent bonds.
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The pairs of electrons are all negatively charged.
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Similar charges repel, so they tend to stay as far away from each other as possible.
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The pairs form four electron clouds, two of which are where the hydrogen and oxygen share electrons.
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The repulsion between the unbonded pairs is even stronger than repulsion between the shared pairs, so the two hydrogens get pushed a little further to an angle of 104.5 degrees.
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The water molecule as a whole is electrically neutral, but oxygen gets a larger share of electrons, making it slightly negative and the hydrogens slightly positive.
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Due to its negative charge, the oxygen in one molecule is attracted to the positive charge of the hydrogen in another molecule.
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And so a weak bond between the two molecules, called a hydrogen bond, is formed.
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When water freezes, this bonding occurs on repeat, ultimately forming a hexagonal structure due to the angle between hydrogens and oxygen within each molecule.
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This is the seed of a snowflake, and it retains a hexagonal shape as it grows.
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As the snowflake moves through the air, water vapor molecules stick to the six sharp edges and expand the snowflake outwards, bit by bit.
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A snowflake's developing shape depends on atmospheric conditions, like humidity and temperature.
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As a snowflake falls, changes in weather conditions can affect how it grows, and even small differences in the paths two snowflakes take will differentiate their shapes.
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However, since conditions at the six sharp edges of one snowflake are similar, a symmetric snowflake can grow.
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Weather conditions affect snow on the ground, as well.
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Warmer ground temperatures produce a wetter snow that is easier to pack because liquid water molecules help snowflakes stick to each other.
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Melted snow also plays a critical role in another wintry activity, skiing.
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Completely dry snow is very difficult to ski on because there's too much friction between the jagged snowflakes and the ski surface.
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So what's happening is that as skis move, they rub the surface of the snow and warm it up, creating a thin layer of water, which helps them slide along.
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So technically, it's not really snow skiing, but water skiing.
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But it is true that no matter how hard you look, you're almost definitely not going to find two identical snowflakes, and that's a mystery that scientists are still trying to solve, though we know that it has to do with the many possible branching points in snowflake formation, and the differences in temperature and humidity, and while we wait for the answer, we can enjoy watching these tiny fractals falling from the sky.
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关于这节课
在这一节课中，学习者将会探索雪花的迷人科学。通过学习影片中的讲解，您将能够更好地理解水分子的结构及其如何影响雪花的形成。此外，您将通过观察雪花的对称形状增强您的观察力，并在模仿发音的同时提升您的英语口语能力。这将是一个有趣且富有挑战性的练习，适合希望通过shadowspeak提升英语口语的学习者。
关键词汇与短语
- 雪花 (snowflake)
- 水分子 (water molecule)
- 氢键 (hydrogen bond)
- 对称 (symmetrical)
- 冷却 (freezing)
- 冰立方 (ice cube)
- 气候条件 (atmospheric conditions)
- 滑雪 (skiing)
练习建议
在观看本视频时，请注意讲解者的语速和语调。您可以通过shadowing的方法，尽量同步讲解者的发音和语调，来提高自己的英语口语能力。尝试逐句跟读，特别是在讲述雪花形成过程的部分，这可以帮助您掌握更复杂的句子结构和专有名词的使用。在模仿发音时，务必注意氛围的变化和情感的投入，这将有助于您更自然地表达。此外，您可以利用shadowing site上丰富的资源，提高您的口语流利度和自信心。通过不断练习，您不仅会了解雪花的形成原理，还能在英语口语练习中取得显著进步。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。