跟读练习: VOA Learning English Health Report #20 - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report.
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From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report.
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The World Health Organization, or WHO,
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says the use of surgical childbirth is growing worldwide.
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worldwide.
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Surgical childbirth is when a woman gives birth with the help of an operation,
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also called a cesarean section.
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WHO officials say the operation is becoming especially popular in what they call high and middle income countries.
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Doctors may advise a cesarean birth,
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also known as a c-section when normal childbirth would put the mother or the baby at risk.
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But the WHO says it is concerned about the possible abuse of this life-saving surgery.
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It supports c-sections when they are justified medically because it can save lives.
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But the WHO says when c-sections are performed without medical need mothers and their babies are put at risk
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health experts say the ideal rate for c-sections is between 10 and 15 percent of all births
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New studies show when the rates go below 10%,
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mothers and babies can die if the operation is not available.
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Dr. Marlene Tenerman is director of the WHO's Department of Reproductive Health and Research.
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She says that a C-section is generally a safe operation
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and advisable when a traditional vaginal delivery puts the baby or mother in danger.
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But she adds health risks do exist.
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She says changing opinions and other lifestyle issues generally are the reason for what she calls an epidemic of C-sections.
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These operations, she adds, are easier for doctors and hospitals because planned C-sections help them better control their planning.
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She says many women choose a C-section because they do not want the pain of childbirth or the possible physical after effects.
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For VOA Learning English, I'm Carolyn Prasuti.
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From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report.
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The World Health Organization says about 3 billion people use solid fuels for heating and cooking food in their homes.
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The practice creates dangerous indoor air pollution.
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WHO officials say more than 4.3 million people die from household air pollution a year.
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Most are in developing countries.
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WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke,
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heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia, and lung cancer.
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women
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and girls are the main victims the who says these diseases
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can often result from high levels of fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide released by burning wood coal animal waste
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crop waste, and charcoal.
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Carlos Dora is with the WHO's Department of Public Health,
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Environmental and Social Determinants of Health.
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He says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene fuel indoors.
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He says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not correct the situation.
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It only will pollute the outdoors.
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The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking.
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It says huge populations in India,
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China, and Latin American countries such as Guatemala and Peru also are at risk.
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Agency experts say some safe and low-cost technologies are available.
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In India,
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you can buy an induction stove for about eight dollars
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and in africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than one dollar
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but this the agency says is just a start it is urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels
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and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating equipment For VOA Learning English,
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I'm Carolyn Persuti.
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From VOA Learning English, this is the health report.
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Telemedicine is the name for when doctors give advice to patients by telephone or the internet.
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It also describes when health care providers in rural areas connect with specialists in big cities.
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Telemedicine has existed for a long time,
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but the rise of smartphones,
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tablets, and webcam-equipped computers is raising telemedicine to new levels.
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Some health care systems in the United States now offer virtual urgent care.
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Patients see a doctor by video chat without having to leave home.
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Diana Ray is a nurse educator in the northwestern state of Washington.
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She recently demonstrated how virtual urgent care works works.
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She used an iPad tablet and Skype,
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the video chat service, to have a virtual appointment with Dr. Ben Green.
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He had the patient describe her symptoms.
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Dr. Green decided that the problem was a sinus infection after having her perform a facial exam that he demonstrated.
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For medicine, he prescribed an antibiotic.
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Dr. Green says about three out of four of his patients have health problems
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that can be treated like this through virtual urgent care.
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That means a video chat could replace a visit to the doctor's office in some cases.
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Dr. Green treats patients by Skype for the Franciscan Health System,
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based in Tacoma, Washington.
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It operates hospitals and other health care facilities.
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Franciscan charges $35 for this kind of virtual house call.
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That is much less than the cost of going to an emergency room,
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a doctor's office, or an urgent care clinic.
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After trying the video conference,
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Diana Ray says she would have been happy to pay the $35
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when she was when she was recently home with a bad cold.
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For VOA Learning English, I'm Carolyn Prasuti.
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From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report.
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Do you often start your day feeling tired?
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Do you ever fall asleep at work?
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Do you sometimes feel out of it,
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as if your brain is still asleep even though your body is awake?
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If you answered yes to any of these questions,
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you might be suffering from what some researchers call social jet lag.
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Till Roneberg is a German chronobiologist,
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a scientist who studies how living things adapt to and are governed by periods of time,
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such as lunar or solar cycles.
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Mr. Roneberg says that many people are working at times that do not match their body's natural sleep-wake cycle.
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This natural cycle is called the circadian rhythm.
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Mr. Roneberg says, When your work schedule conflicts with your body's inner clock,
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it can lead to extreme tiredness, similar to jet lag.
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With jet lag, people feel extremely tired when they travel long distances in a short period of time by air.
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Till Rohnenberg led researchers in a study at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich, Germany.
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They studied social jet lag among workers at a steel company in Europe.
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Factory workers were given work times that matched their natural sleeping habits habits.
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Changing the workers' schedules to fit their lifestyle made them feel more rested and improved their sense of well-being,
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says Mr. Ronenberg.
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But the people who worked at night did not report the same level of improvement.
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Mr. Onenberg adds that employees who wake after better rest are more productive.
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The journal Current Biology published the study.
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For VOA Learning English, I'm Jonathan Evans.
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From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report.
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The World Health Organization has declared the Pakistani city of Peshawar the world's largest reservoir of polio virus.
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And WHO officials fear Pakistanis could face travel restrictions unless steps are taken immediately to stop the disease from spreading.
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Researchers studied all the cases of poliomyelitis reported in Pakistan last year.
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They found that almost every case could be linked genetically to the polio virus often reported in Peshawar.
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Polio mainly affects children under five years of age.
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The virus is passed through food or water.
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The virus reproduces in the body and later invades the nervous system.
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The disease can lead to loss of muscle control in part of the body.
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The WHO study found that 90% of Pakistan's polio cases could be linked to the virus in Peshawar.
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In addition, 12 of the 13 polio cases in Afghanistan were also linked to the city.
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Elias Dori serves as the WHO's emergency coordinator for polio in Pakistan.
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He says local officials need to take urgent action to strengthen polio vaccination campaigns.
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He says the situation in Peshawar threatens the gains Pakistan has made against polio.
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And he warned it could also harm international efforts to end the disease.
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He also noted an increase in attacks on vaccination workers in Peshawar and other areas.
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Taliban militants often attack polio workers in Pakistan.
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The militants accuse them of being American spies,
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or part of a plot to keep Muslims from having babies.
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Most of the attacks have taken place in Peshawar.
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The city is close to Pakistan's tribal districts.
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Extremist groups operate bases in those areas.
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For VOA Learning English, I'm Carolyn Prasuti.
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From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report.
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Zambia has one of the highest rates of cervical cancer in the world.
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90 of every 100,000 Zambian women get the disease.
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The Zambian government recently launched a program to vaccinate schoolgirls against the human papillomavirus, or HPV.
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The virus can cause cervical cancer.
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HPV can spread through sexual contact.
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The government hopes to vaccinate schoolgirls between the ages of 9 and 11 against HPV.
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The program was launched in May at several schools.
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One of them is the Kalingalinga Primary School in Lusaka.
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About 100 students there received the HPV vaccine.
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Euphrasia Mueshi Mutale is a teacher.
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She was involved in efforts to inform the community about what was expected to be a difficult subject.
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Ms. Mutali is happy with the early results.
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She says people involved in the program met with parents
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and teachers to tell them why it is good to vaccinate the girls.
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She notes there have been no reported side effects from the vaccine,
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like high body temperature or skin discoloration.
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Mulindi Mwanahamantu is director of the Cervical Cancer Prevention Program in Zambia.
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He says health officials wanted to vaccinate 25,000 girls,
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but he says there was some resistance from churches and other groups.
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Zambian and international health officials are working to end the resistance by educating communities about medical issues.
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Zambia is third on the World Health Organization's list of countries with the highest death rates from cervical cancer.
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The country also has the highest cervical cancer rate in Africa.
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For VOA Learning English, I'm Carolyn Prasuti.
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Thank you.
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关于本课
在本节中，学习者将通过收听世界卫生组织（WHO）关于手术分娩和室内空气污染的健康报告，增强他们的英语听说能力。这段内容将帮助你理解相关的医学和环境英语词汇，同时提高你的英语口语练习技巧。通过详细的讨论，您将能够更好地表达关于医疗和健康的主题，增强雅思口语练习的能力。
关键词汇与短语
- 手术分娩 (surgical childbirth) - 通过手术帮助女性分娩的过程。
- 剖宫产 (cesarean section, c-section) - 一种通过手术进行的分娩方式。
- 室内空气污染 (indoor air pollution) - 由燃烧固体燃料造成的有害空气质量问题。
- 疾病 (disease) - 由于健康问题而导致的病痛状态。
- 高收入国家 (high-income countries) - 经济高度发展的国家。
- 低成本技术 (low-cost technologies) - 经济实惠的技术解决方案。
- 清洁燃料 (cleaner fuels) - 对环境友好的能源选择。
- 阳光灯 (solar lamp) - 通过太阳能供电的照明设备。
练习技巧
当您进行以下练习时，请确保保持关注视频的速度和语调。由于信息量较大，您可能需要多次回放以便完全理解。可以先跟随视频进行shadowspeak，然后再尝试自我朗读同样的句子。这样的英语口语练习对于提高英语发音非常有效。
建议您在每次练习中，专注于某些困难的词汇，例如“剖宫产”和“室内空气污染”，这些词汇在整个文本中反复出现。尽量模仿发音和语调，这样既能提高英语口语流利度，也能增强对术语的记忆。通过反复练习，您将在雅思口语练习中展现更自信的表达能力。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。