跟读练习: What happens when the permafrost thaws? | BBC Ideas - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
C1
When you think of the Arctic, maybe you picture this.
118 句
如果句子过短或过长，请点击 Edit 进行调整。
1
When you think of the Arctic, maybe you picture this.
2
Or this.
3
Or this.
4
You're not going to imagine a piece of scrubby brown dirt.
5
That brown dirt is permafrost.
6
No one is born, like, fascinated with permafrost.
7
I do find it exciting to think about different sediments and so on.
8
You don't have to pretend.
9
But what permafrost does is of huge importance to the entire planet.
10
This is a map of permafrost and you see in purple here,
11
the dark purple especially, the areas that are permafrost.
12
Around 11% of the Earth's landmass is covered by permafrost.
13
Half of Canada, two-thirds of Russia, even the Tibetan plateau.
14
And this place, the remote Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard.
15
...the Arctic and Antarctic regions composed of organic material...
16
In two words, it's frozen ground.
17
Where is it?
18
Here, here, here, here, here.
19
Permafrost is rock, sediment or ice that remains at or below zero degrees Celsius for two or more consecutive years.
20
Most of it has been frozen for much, much longer than that.
21
Arctic permafrost tends to be a few thousand years old and areas in Antarctica we find permafrost that's millions of years old.
22
But just because it's ancient doesn't mean all the permafrost is always frozen.
23
We have what we call the active layer.
24
The active layer sits on top of the permafrost and thaws and freezes on an annual basis.
25
We'll come here with a metal probe.
26
We poke through the ground every week.
27
We take a measure of how far the thaw has evolved through the summer,
28
and then the maximum depth at each point will represent the active layer depth for that year.
29
This active layer allows for different ecosystems to sit on top
30
of the permafrost from huge forests to treeless plains known as the tundra.
31
But this delicate balance is now being disrupted by climate change.
32
I've got pictures here that show the mean annual temperature and you can see basically the blue areas that are on here.
33
These areas would expect to be permafrosted.
34
This is gradually becoming redder and redder.
35
The Arctic, it's warming at three to four times the rate of the rest of the planet.
36
This kind of weather, it's not supposed to be like this in October.
37
It's supposed to be minus 15.
38
Clear, dry climate.
39
And it's not.
40
It's a rainstorm.
41
As temperatures rise, the permafrost is thawing.
42
On average, the active layer has been deepening about 0.6 cm per year for the last 10 years,
43
which is about this much.
44
But think about that through the whole landscape.
45
We're seeing that the active layer is getting deeper and deeper in permafrost regions around the world.
46
It creates immediate impacts.
47
As the surface of the permafrost thaws downwards,
48
many things that were frozen are uncovered.
49
This could include as many as 10 million woolly mammoths.
50
And there are fears that ancient viruses could reawaken and infect humans.
51
But there's something else which concerns scientists much more.
52
The scariest thing that is happening with permafrost is what it is doing to the climate itself.
53
Permafrost acts as a storage.
54
It locks up the carbon from dead vegetation quite effectively and it's accumulated over many thousands of years.
55
we have this organic matter that's stored in the freezer.
56
And as soon as you open the freezer door,
57
then that becomes available to decay.
58
There's estimated to be four times more carbon trapped in permafrost than all of the human-generated CO2 emissions in modern history.
59
The release into the atmosphere of even a fraction of this as carbon dioxide
60
and methane will have a profound effect on the climate.
61
The more greenhouse gases that are in the atmosphere,
62
the warmer the climate, the thicker the active layer,
63
and the more greenhouse gases can escape from that portion of the permafrost that was locked away.
64
There's sort of an underlying flow level of change slowly creeping up on us.
65
People will frame permafrost thought as something that is a future catastrophe,
66
when actually there is a catastrophe going on right now for people who live on top of permafrost.
67
People like Jessie, who lives here in the Inyavik region of the Northwest Territories in Arctic Canada.
68
Just being out on the land,
69
it really puts my soul at ease.
70
This is the land that our ancestors have walked in.
71
When I was younger, I didn't really know what permafrost was.
72
In recent years, it's been thawing fairly rapidly.
73
The most obvious way that the permafrost melting impacts on human society is
74
that the ground that was once really solid and hard suddenly becomes squishy.
75
There are things called thermocast mega slumps,
76
which is a fantastic name for a band.
77
The ground kind of collapses in on itself and creates these huge craters.
78
There's one in Arctic Russia,
79
which is called the Doorway to the Underworld,
80
and it's getting bigger by the day.
81
And you have large masses of land just flowing away because they're no longer solid.
82
I see the wounds in the landscape from the landslides,
83
and it reminds me that the whole earth is crying out.
84
It's a wounded earth.
85
So this is the old hospital building.
86
We're going to go on the back of it.
87
That's where you can really see the damage.
88
We noticed that our home was starting to crack.
89
So me and my dad,
90
we always tried to just adapt to it to keep our house level.
91
Buildings start to crack.
92
The roads will buckle, power lines will tear.
93
We just try to fix things for now and just take it like year by year.
94
People have lived in the Arctic for thousands of years now and they're seeing unprecedented changes to their environment.
95
In Eklavik our motto is never say die.
96
So when it floods or when our roads start to disappear there are still people
97
that live here and love it here and they wouldn't want to move anywhere else.
98
Knowing that all of this ice is going to melt underneath us makes me a little bit scared for the future.
99
Permafrost thaw could bring some new possibilities,
100
from mining areas opening up to the potential to grow new crops.
101
But both could exacerbate climate change and be of little consolation to the people losing their homes.
102
In terms of slowing down or stopping this,
103
is there anything we can do?
104
Um...
105
I guess.. not really.
106
The thing we can do is to stop climate from warming in the first place.
107
There isn't, unfortunately, very much we can do if we warm the planet to then stop the permafrost from melting.
108
One cold winter will not freeze back permafrost.
109
What we can do is make more informed decisions and make sure
110
that we build communities that are resilient to changes that are going to occur.
111
If they continue to listen to our people about all the stuff that's happening,
112
then that gives me a little bit of hope.
113
I think this is the beginnings of us starting to think in a way
114
that highlights the more entangled ways that humans exist with nature and their environments.
115
There's a lot of northern folks all around the globe.
116
They all have their own traditions and values.
117
I think my message would just be to help us out up here,
118
you know, be a part of a solution.
下载应用
AI 为你说出的每个句子打分
TRENDING
热门
关于本课
在本课中，您将学习关于永久冻土融化的现象，包括它对地球气候及生态系统的影响。通过这段来自BBC Ideas的视频，您将了解到永久冻土的定义、其分布以及气候变化如何影响这一地区。您将实践理解和表达与气候变化相关的内容，从而提升您的英语口语能力。
关键词汇与短语
- 永久冻土 (permafrost) - 指在零度以下保持冻结的土壤或冰。
- 活动层 (active layer) - 位于永久冻土之上的每年冻结和融化的土层。
- 气候变化 (climate change) - 指由于人为活动或自然因素引起的气候长期变化。
- 生态系统 (ecosystem) - 生物与其环境相互作用的系统。
- 温度升高 (rising temperatures) - 全球气温随着时间的推移而增加的现象。
- 古代病毒 (ancient viruses) - 古老时代存在的病毒，可能因融化的永久冻土而重新出现。
- 粗糙土壤 (scrubby brown dirt) - 形容永久冻土的外观。
- 北极地区 (Arctic regions) - 地球最北部，常年冰雪覆盖的区域。
练习建议
为了有效提升您的英语口语技能，建议您使用 shadowspeaks 的方法进行跟读练习。在观看此视频时，可以先暂停并仔细聆听讲解。当您听到新的词汇或短语时，不妨重复几次。
这段视频的语速适中，适合进行 雅思口语练习。建议您在观赏时注意说话者的语调和情感。模仿他们的发音和语速，这样可以有效 提高英语发音。每个句子说完后，尝试停顿并重复，直到您能自信地表达出来。
通过这样的方式学习，您不仅能了解气候变化的重要性，还能在 看YouTube学英语 的过程中极大地提高您的口语能力和理解力。记得定期复习您所学的内容，保持学习的连续性。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。