跟读练习: What in the world is topological quantum matter? - Fan Zhang - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
C2
Transcription by
57 句
如果句子过短或过长，请点击 Edit 进行调整。
1
Transcription by
2
CastingWords
3
Duncan Haldane and Michael Kosterlitz won the award for discovering
4
that even microscopic matter at the smallest scale can exhibit macroscopic properties and phases that are topological.
5
But what does that mean?
6
First of all, topology is a branch of mathematics that focuses on fundamental properties of objects.
7
Topological properties don't change when an object is gradually stretched or bent.
8
The object has to be torn or attached in new places.
9
A donut and a coffee cup look the same to a topologist because they both have one hole.
10
You could reshape a donut into a coffee cup,
11
and it would still have just one.
12
That topological property is stable.
13
On the other hand, a pretzel has three holes.
14
There are no smooth incremental changes that will turn a donut into a pretzel.
15
You'd have to tear two new holes.
16
For a long time, it wasn't clear whether topology was useful for describing the behaviors of subatomic particles.
17
That's because particles, like electrons and photons,
18
are subject to the strange laws of quantum physics,
19
which involve a great deal of uncertainty that we don't see at the scale of coffee cups.
20
But the Nobel laureates discovered that topological properties do exist at the quantum level,
21
and that discovery may revolutionize materials science,
22
electronic engineering, and computer science.
23
That's because these properties lend surprising stability and remarkable characteristics to some exotic phases of matter in the delicate quantum world.
24
One example is called a topological insulator.
25
Imagine a film of electrons.
26
If a strong enough magnetic field passes through them,
27
each electron will start traveling in a circle,
28
which is called a closed orbit.
29
Because the electrons are stuck in these loops, they're not conducting electricity.
30
But at the edge of the material,
31
the orbits become open, connected,
32
and they all point in the same direction.
33
So electrons can jump from one orbit to the next and travel all the way around the edge.
34
This means that the material conducts electricity around the edge,
35
but not in the middle.
36
Here's where topology comes in.
37
This conductivity isn't affected by small changes in the material,
38
like impurities or imperfections.
39
That's just like how the hole in the coffee cup isn't changed by stretching it out.
40
The edge of such a topological insulator has perfect electron transport.
41
No electrons travel backward, no energy is lost as heat,
42
and the number of conducting pathways can even be controlled.
43
the electronics of the future could be built to use this perfectly efficient electron highway.
44
The topological properties of subatomic particles could also transform quantum computing.
45
Quantum computers take advantage of the fact
46
that subatomic particles can be in different states at the same time to store information in something called qubits.
47
These qubits can solve problems exponentially faster than classical digital computers.
48
The problem is that this data is so delicate that interaction with the environment can destroy it.
49
But in some exotic topological phases,
50
the subatomic particles can become protected.
51
In other words, the qubits formed by them can't be changed by small or local disturbances.
52
These topological qubits would be more stable,
53
leading to more accurate computation and a better quantum computer.
54
Topology was originally studied as a branch of purely abstract mathematics.
55
Thanks to the pioneering work of Thales,
56
Haldane, and Kosterlitz, we now know it can be used to understand the riddles of nature
57
and to revolutionize the future of technologies.
下载应用
AI 为你说出的每个句子打分
TRENDING
热门
背景与上下文
在科学的前沿，量子物质的研究吸引了许多人的注意。诺贝尔奖得主邓肯·哈达恩和迈克尔·科斯特利茨的发现揭示了即使在微观尺度下，物质也能展现出宏观特性和拓扑相。拓扑学是数学的一个分支，主要研究物体的基本属性，而拓扑属性在物体被逐渐拉伸或弯曲时不会改变。这个视频讲述了拓扑量子物质在物理学及其潜在应用中的重要性，尤其是在电子工程和计算机科学领域。
日常交流的五个常用短语
- 拓扑特性 - 描述物体在不同形状下保持不变的属性。
- 量子计算 - 一种利用量子比特存储和处理信息的高效计算方式。
- 电子导电性 - 物质中电子的流动能力，影响电流的传导。
- 拓扑绝缘体 - 一种材料，在边缘能够导电而中心不导电的特殊物质。
- 闭合轨道 - 电子在强磁场中以环形轨道运动的现象。
逐步跟读指南
如果你想通过观看这个视频来提高英语发音和口语能力，跟读（shadowing）是一个非常有效的方法。以下是你可以遵循的步骤：
- 选择小段内容: 从视频中选择一小段，通常15到30秒，开始跟读。这样可以让你更集中，避免信息过载。
- 反复听: 多次播放所选段落，听清楚每个单词的发音及语调。可以尝试大声朗读，模仿说话者的语音语调。
- 逐句跟读: 听一句，暂停，然后试着大声复述。记住，在跟读时，要注意语音的流利度和发音的准确性。
- 记录并纠正: 录下自己的声音，与视频中的原声进行对比。找出需要改正的地方，这对提高英语发音非常有帮助。
- 持续练习: 每天定时进行跟读练习，可以帮助你渐渐掌握更复杂的句型和表达方式，提升口语能力。
通过这样的 英语影子跟读 方法，你可以有效提高英语发音，增强口语表达能力，利用 看YouTube学英语 的机会，让学习变得更加有趣。结合这个 shadowing site 的视频，你会发现自己的进步在于坚持不懈的练习！
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。